OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ORDERS AND MEDALS SOCIETY OF AMERICA

VOL. 23 NOVEMBER 1972 NO. 11

THE CONGRESSIONAL TEXAS CAVALRY BRIGADES MEDAL

AS SEEN IN THREE VERSIONS The ~)AL COLLECTOR is the monthly journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America, a non-profit society incorporated under the law of the State of California in 1950.

PRESIDENT: -Robert T. McNamara #859, P.O. Box 22035, Cleveland, Ohio, Z~4122. V!CF~-~iD~T: -Charles Bell #866, Bank of California Bldg. Suite 1504, P.O. Box 20395, Long Beach, California, 90801. SECF~ETARY: -John E. Lelle #379, 3828 Ronnald Drive, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19154. -Cornelius Bo Tyson #823, 613 Halstead Road, Sharpley, WiLmington, Delaware, 19S03. EDITOR: -Frederic yon Allen~orfer #1830, 3444 S. Home, Berwyn, Illinois, 60402. LIBRARIAN: -Gene Springier #1599, 4317 North F~ngo Road, Lot ’# 38, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 7~I16. RIBBON BANK MANAGER~ -Thomas Lee Caskey#1202, 905 Dafney Drive, Lafayette, Louisiana, 70501. CIRCULATION F~G]~: -Ray Witnik #604, 7508 Herr~nAvenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44102. DIRECTORS: -John B. Hickman #643, 1507 ~nlee Drive, Silver Spring, F~yland, 20904.

-Rolfe R. Holbrook #499, 1035 Catalonia Ave., Coral Gables, Florida, 33134. -Harry A. ~hler #32, P.O. Box 43, Sausalito, California, 94965. -Dr. George Podlusky#677, 5816 N. Nicolet,. C~icago, Illinois, 60631.

-L. Richard Smith#620, 2857N. Western Ave., Chicago, Illinois, 60618.

-S.G. Yaslnitsky#1, P.O. Box673, Millbrae, California, 94031o Membership in the Orders and Medals Society of America is available on application at dues of $I0.00 per year. This includes a subscription to THE ~DAL. COLLECTORo All general inquiries, membership matters, and dues payments should be directed to the OMSA Secretary, John E. Lelle, at the addres~ listed above. Articles of general interest are solicited for the journal. Illustrations and photographs suitable for reproduction are most welcome with or ~ithout articles. Every possible consideration will be given ~ll submitted material for publication in THE F~DAL COLLECTOR. Please contact the Editor, Frederic yon Allendorfer or send copy directly to him at the above address. CONGRESSIONAL TEXAS CAV.~LRY ~EDAL ~ Major Albert F. Gleim Frequently overlooked in compilations of congressional and federal service medals is one approved in 1924 to recognize the World War I service of t~o brigades of Texas National Guard Cavalry. In late 1917 the War Department authorized and encouraged the State of Texas to raise two new brigades of cavalry. These were to consist of three0reg~ments each, ~_th a total authorized strength of appro~mately 350 officers and 7,900 enlisted men. After organization and training these units were to be mustered into federal service to relieve Regular ~trmy units along the Mexican border for overseas service.

The required six regiments were du!y organized and in September 1918 cadre personnel started four month training courses at army camps. January 2, 1919 was designated as the date for entry on federal service, but the armistice intervened. Plans for federalizing the Texans were promptly scrapped, but most of the cadre completed their training. The U.S. WWI Victory medal was intended to be the sole federal recog- nition for war service. Nhile elegibility requirements were more liberal than those of some of the other allied countries, actual federal service between 6 April 1917 and ll November 1918 was a firm requirement. On this basis the m~bers of the two T~xas cavalry brigades were not elegible for the Victory Medal. Colonel William B. Tuttle of San Antonio was commauder of one of the regiments during its organizatibn, and carried on a post war campaign for some form of federal recognition. A 1921 request to the War Department for issue of the Victory Medal ~as turned do~n on the basis that an appropriate a~mrd could and should be made by the State of T~xas. Turtle then carried his cause to the Congress, enlisting Representative Harry M. Wurzbach. A bill to provide five thous~ud dollars for a special medal ~as introduced in 1922, but died in the Ho~se Military Affairs Committee based on an unfavorable report from the War Department. In 1924 the ssme bill ~as introduced in the Senate and again a report ~as requested from the War Department. This request ~as routinely passed to the Chief of the Militia Bureau, Major-Gan~ral George C. R~Ickards. His reply ~as direct to Senator Morris Sheppard, Chairman of the Senate Co~Lmlttee on Military Affairs. The report ~as quite favorable, contrary to War Department policy, and formed the basis for prompt passage of the bill. The War Depart- ment had one last chance to comment on the hill prior to Presidential signa- ture. They recommended a veto, stating that a special medal for the Texans would set a precedent, and that several ether groups not elegible for the Victory Medal might be e~pected to press similar claims. Nevertheless the bill ~as approved on 16 April 1924 and became Public Law 91, 68th Congress. Preliminary design work on the medal ~as done in the G-4 Equipment Branch and the Office of the Quartermaster-General. The result was very close to the final design, an octagonal medal of bronze, l~ inches in diameter. The obverse had the Texas State Flower, the blue bonnet, lupinus texensis, ~ithin the legend, tTexas National Guard Cavalry". The reverse ~as the lone star seal of Texas ~ithin a ~reath of live oak and olive, all ~Nlthin the legend "September 25 1918 - December 8~ 1918". The design was referred to officers of the Texas National Guard for review, principally Brigadier-General Jacob F. Welters, the 1918 co~mmnder of the 1st Brigade, Texas Cavalry. The T~xans were generally pleased ~-ith the design, but felt the proposed medal shoLtld indicate it had been a~arded by the Congress and for World War service. These deficiencies were remedied by adjusting the fin~ date on the reverse to that of the armistice ~nd changing the wording on the obverse to "~arded by Congress for Service in Te~as Cavalry".

Problems ~ith the design were not over. Starting in 191g all federal medals were submitted to the Commission of Fine Arts for artistic approv2!. This undoubtedly raised the quality of U.S. med~llic awards~ but ~as to cause considerable delay and f~stration for both War ~nd Na~ Departments. In the case of the Texas Cavolry Medal, the design was rejected by the commission who insisted it needed to be executed by a professional medallist. Anthony de Francisci ~as selected to re~Jork the design in plaster, and the final result, as issued is illustrated on the cover of this publication.

The ribbon is yello~ (for cavalry) ~ith a central stripe of white (to indicate the congressional nature of the a~ard) flanked by stripes of green (for proximity to the Mexican Border~. A quantity of 6,000 was procured in spite of experience with the Victory Madal ~here only half the elegible veterans claimed their medals. Distrlbu- tion ~as hendled by the Militia Bureau and begsm in October 192~. There ~as surprisingly little interest in the medsl, and through April 1937 only had been issued by the Militia Bureau. At that t~_me the ramaining 5,160 were turned over to the U.S. Property and Disbursing Officer of Texas for custody, storage, and any future issues.

National Archives, Record Group ~07, General Correspond~ence of the A~djutant~ General’s Office, AG220.5 (T~xas 3-31-21) and AG220.5 (Texas ~-22-37). U.S. Senate Report No. 322, 68th Congress, 1st Session, 31 ~Larch 192~.

THE SPECIAL U.S. FIRST WORLD WA~ T~_U~S NATIONAL GUARD CAVfJ~Y BRIG~DES MED.~L by Paul H. Till, OFAA # l~T1

At the time of the United States entry into World War I in April, 1917, regt~ar U.S. Aanmy units and fedsralized National Gusrd units from the States ~ere guarding the ~xican Border, primarily in Texas. This 1916-17 service ~as later recognized by the U.S. Ar~ug Mexican Border Service Medal. With Americsm entry into the European conflict the National Guard units still on duty on the border were returaed to their respective home states to prepare for re-entry into Federal Service for the ~rar and the regular U.S. Ar~y units w,?re ~_thdra~n in preparation for ambarkation to Europe. The result ~as that the Mexican border in Texas ~s faced ~ith suddenly being left unprotected after having been the scene of United States military efforts caused by difficulties ?n~th ~J~xico over a n~mber of issues, including the uncontrollable raids of the bandit, Pancho Villa. To avoid this situation the War Department on December 8, 1917 authorized the State of Texas to create new State units to guard the border. Texas carried out this authorization by creating two brigades of cavalry each consist"ng of three regiments, which totalled approximately 350 officers ~and 7500 enlisted men. These t~o brigades were in s~rvice from September 25 to November ll, 1918, ~ithout being federal- ized. Therefore, at the end of the ~r on November ll, 1918, the men in . these units were not, as a result of this service, entitled to the U.S. World War I Victory l~dal. The situation of State ~ilitary forces who performed military service in support of the war in some way but were not federalized was-~not unique in Texas. For instance, in New York following the mobilization of the State’s National Guard units, the New York Guard ~as created by the State to guard the vital waterways throughout the State, such as the Erie Canal, and the New York City water supply systems, against feared Germsn sabotage. Though these services aided the militsry .war effort, they were not performed under Federal military authorities, and, therefore, did not warrant the award of the Victory Medal. Efforts were made, however, to have the Victory ~dal issued to the members of the two Texas cavalry brigades. ~ut the War Department ruled that the Victory Medal could not be awarded for such non-federal military service, because to do so might open a pandora’s box of applications by similar State units and non-State military units from across the couutry for the medal &nd for insurance and pension benefits and might ~cell cause dissa- tisfaction among veterans who had earned the Victory Medal by federal war service. The War Departmentts denial of the applicat~Uon for the Victory Medal for the two Texas Cavalry Brigades did not end the efforts to gain a medallic recognition for their services from the Federal government. Thereafter, either as a result of political efforts (as the author suspects) or because the service of these brigades was viewed as a continuation of the prewar border guard service for which the U.S. Army Mexican Border Service Medal had been warded; Congress in 192J+ authorized a special medal for these Texas National Guardsmen. The author’s suspicion that this special medal was authorized through political causesis based on the fact that no similar medal was created for units from other States. Quite possibly all such non-federal military service in support of the war merited a Federal medal, but only the Texans ware aw~zrded one. Additionally recipients of this special medal ~ere not entitled by virtue of such service to War Risk Insurance benefits or ~pension rights. The report of the Secretary of War for the year 1924 noted that at the ~nd of that year the medal had not yet come into existence, but that efforts to create it ~ere under ~ay. The follow~mg are details concerning this unusual special medal.

AUTHORIZATION: The statute that authorized this medal is the Act of Congress (Public No. 91, 68th Congress, Session 1), Chapter ll7 of the La~s of 1924, approved April 16, 1924, entitled "An ~ct Authorizing the Issuance of Service Medals to Officers and Enlisted Men of the two Brigades of Texas Cavalry organized under authority of the War Department under date of December 8, 1917, sand authorizing an appropriation therefor; and further authorizing the wearing by such officers and enlisted men on occasions of ceremony on the uniform lawfully prescribed to be ~¢orn by them during their service," the text of which is as follows: "Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to procure a bronze medal of~ appro- oriate design, with bar and ribbon, together with a rosette or other device ~o be worn in lieu thereof, to be presented to each of the several officers and enlisted men of the two brigades of cavalry organized by the State of Texas, under authority from the War Department of date of December 8, 1917, who served therein prior to November ll, 1918; Provided, That such medals shall not be presented to men who have, subsequent to such service, been dishonorably discharged from the service, or deserted: Provided. further, That the sum of $5,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not other~ise appropriated, for the purpose of carrying this last paragraph, into effect: Provided further, That the several officers and e~listed men to whom such medals may be presented ~re hereby authorized to we~r, on occasions of cere- mony, the uniform lawfully prescribed to be worn by them at the time of their service: Provided, This Act shall not be considered as conferring upon the members of said organizations the benefits of the ~r Ris~k Insurance Act or to confer a p~nsionable s~atus to the members of said organlz~tions, ~nd ~at this Act shall not be deemed to constitute a precedent for the future granting of such rights." TECHNICAL DET~ILS: The octogon shaped plauchet and straight wire sus- pender are m~de of copper finish bronze. The planchet has a width of 31.3ram or 1 30~2~ inches; a height of 34.7mm or 1 47/12~ inches including suspension lug at the top center; and a tkick~ess of approximately 2.5ram or 1 61/128 inches. The suspension of the planchet from the straight hanging ribbon is by a unique means that the author has never encountered on any other portable U.S. federal armed forces medallic award. On the top center of the planchet there is a small extruded lug with a hole throuEh it from obverse to reverse. Through this hole passes a narrow wire hook which extends downward from the center of the horizontal suspender at the bottom end of the suspension ribbon. The covered ~hronze pinback at the top of the suspension ribbon is the wrap around, safety turn lock catch t~q~e found on the U.S. World War I Victory Med~l. The medal ~ras awarded with an enamelled lapel bar for civilian wear in the pattern of the ribbon, similar to those awarded ~ith .most U.S. ~ilitary decorations. The award comes in a smsJL1, unmarked, purple cardboard box with a purple velvet pad in it. f~s neither the medal nor its box bears any .manufacturer’s identification, the m~me of the m~er is unknown, although it may ~ell have been made by the U.S. mint. OBV~RSE OF PI~NCHET: A raised circular line set in from the edse of the octogon shaped planchet delineates the central medallion from the plain surrounding inscription bearing border. On the circular central medallion there is a vertical flowerin8 plant, probably representative of the area in which the two Texas cavalry brigades rendered the services for wkich this medal was awarded to them. The inscription runs around the outside of the central medallion and it is in two parts. The upper part starts on the lower left and runs around the top of the planchet to the lower right with the bottoms of its letters facing inward toward the plauchet’s center. The lower o~t is on the bottom center of the planchet with the bottoms of its letter~ facing downward stud outward. The entire inscription, which is in plain, block capital letters, is * AW~IDE~BY* CONGRF~S* FOR* S~f~VI GE* IN* TEXAS * CAV~LRY The dots at the ends of the upper part of the incription separate it from the ends of the lo~r part. RE~RSE OF PLAN~HET: A raise~ circular line, similar to that on the obverse, set in from the edge~ of the planchet delineates the central medallion from the plain surrounding inscription bearing border. On the circttlar central medallion there is the coat of ~ of the State of T~xas, derived from its coat of arms as an independ&nt Republic. It is a five pointed star surrounded by an open top wreath of two branches which tie together at the bottom center of the medallion. The branch of the wreath on the left is of oak leaves and the branch on the right is of olive leaves, s~-mbolizing strength and peace. The inscription is in two parts around the central medallion. The first part is on the left side and the second part is on the right side outside the raised circular line. There are three raised small dashes on the top cente~ of the olanchet separating the two perts of the inscription. The botto~m of the ~lain, block capital letters and numerals of the two parts face inward toward the center of the planchet. The ~uscription, which is raised like that on the obverse, is SEPTemBER 25 1918 - - - NOV~I~ ll 1918 The medal is not serially numbered and it was not named by the Government. The only space for naming is on the bottom center of the reverse where there in no inscription and even this s~ace is limited. RIBBON: The unwatered, bound edge ribbon is ~ inches long and 1 3/8 inches wide. It has the following color stripe width pattern: a 1/8 inch white center stripe, flanked by 3/16 inch Kelly green stripes, and in turn ~lanked by 7/16 inch yellow edge stripes. The green a~d yel!ow colors of the ribbon are similar to the colors frequently found on the ribbon of the U.S. Army Mexican Border SerVice Medal Ribbon. The yellow color in the ribbon may well represmut the fact that the medal’s recipients served in the cavalry as yellow is the color of the cavsJ_ry arm of the service.

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by Robert W. Strong After the 36th Infantry Division of the T~xas National Guard was called into Federal Service in 1917, the State of Texas was authorized by the War Department en 8 December 1917, to organize two National Guard cavalry brigades having three regiments each, to relieve ~egular Army regiments then serving on the Mexlcau Border. These units were organized and received Federal recognition as shown below:

~st Cavalry Brigade Headquarters - Recognized 23 August 1918 2nd Cavalry - Recognized 15 August 1918 3rd Cavalry - Recognized 21 August 1918 7th Cavalry - Recognized 21 August 1918 Second Oaval~Brieade Headquarters - Recognized 23 August 1918 Ath Cavalry - Recognized 28 August 1918 5th Oavslry - Recognized 28August 1918 6th Cavalry - Recognized 20 August 1918

Strength figures for these units have been listed at various times from 350 officers and 7900 enlisted men to 362 officers and 91ZI enlisted men. Accurate strength figttres will probably never be known, as most of the organizations did not keep proper records of drills and assemblies. In October 1918, the two cavalry brigades were designated for draft into Federal service,effective 2 Janu~a~g 1919. The signing of the _~mlstlce on ll November 1918, prevented the carrying out of the proposed draft. However, those personnel of the brigades that were at the Army’s Central. Cavalry Officer’s Training School, C~mp Stanley, Texas, were, with their consent, trained there until the end of their courses on 8 December 1918.

AuAct of Congress approved 16 April 192f+ (Public Law 91, 68th Gongress), authorized the issuance of distinctive service medals to officers aud er~listed men of the two brigades of Texas Cavslry that were organized and trained but never drafted into Federal service, and therefore inelegible for the Victory ~dal. The act reads as follows:

’~e it Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby authorized and directed to procure a bronze medal of appropriate design, ~ith a bar and ribbon, together ~ith a rosette or other device to be worn in lieu thereof, to be presented to each of the sev.~ral officers and enlisted men of the two brigades of Cavalry organized by the State of Texas, under authority from the War Department of date of December 8, 1917, ~ho served therein prior to November ll, 1918; provided, that such medsls sh~nll not be presented to men ~uo have, subsequent to such service, been dishonorably ~ischarged from the service, or deserted. Provided further, that the sum of $5,000 or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of carrying this last paragraph into effect. Provided further, that the several officers and enlisted men to whom such medals may be presented are hereby authorized to wear on occasion of ceremony, the uniform la~Tully prescribed to be worn by them at the time of their service. Provided, this act shell not be considered as conferring upon members of said organizations the benefits of the War Risk Insurance Act or to confer a pensionable status to the members of said organizations, and that ~ais act shall not be deemed to constitute a precedent for the future granting of s~ch rights."

Follo~zlng the passage of this act, a design for the medal was worked out by the Quartermaster General of the Army and approved by Texas authorities. The description of the approved design is as follows:

"An octagonal medal of bronze, l~ inches in diameter suspended from one of its sides, bearing on the obverse the Texas State flo~er, the bluebonnet, lupinus texensis, ~ith the legend ’Awarded by Congress for Service in Texas Cavalry’ and on the reverse the seal of the State of Texas, a star ~ithin a ~reath of live oak and olive all ~ithin the legend ’September 25 1918 - November ll 1918’ "

In compliance ~ith the law the War Dep&~tment procured the medals to be distributed by the ~J~ilitia Bureau (which bec~e the National Guard Bureau on 15 June 1933). Distribution began in October 1925. From October 1925 to April 1937, only 840 of the medals were issued. It was evident that little interest in the med~l was aroused, although publicit~j ~as given through the press and the service magazines. ~ The value and uniqueness of the Tex~s Cavalry Service Medal ha~ been little appreciated by milit~f personnel and collectors alike during the fifty years of its existence. Probably the most accurate appraisal of the true stature of the T~ ~as put forth in a memorandum dated 6 April 1932, from an Assistant to ~he Chief of the ~.~litia Bureau, wlnich stated that, "An article has been prepared in the Historical Section, Regttlations Division, P~Llitia Bureau, on State medals 2md decorations, emphasizing the Texas Cavalry Eedal as a unique examole of a federal .service meda~ i~sued .exclusively $o. state troons." (F.mphasis added.)

EDITOR’S NOTE: Inasmuch as the approach to the subject of the Texas Cavalry Service Medal differed in theee accounts I felt that the presentation here ~ould serve to indicate to all future ~riter-contributors to the M.C. that independent research and ~riting often turns up interesting facets to make the picture whole. This is the point I offer in this presentation. F.v.A. CIVIL

THE STONEWALL BRIGADE ~’~DAL - ADDITIONS .~D CORRECTIONS C.V. Kelly, OMSA # 98

This photograph tsken from an old Confederate Veter ~a~ magazine, circa 1905, is of the original advertisement offering the medal for sale. The medal was encased ina small circular fitted leatherette case, resembling a ladyls pill box of that era. ~ article on the Stonewall Brige~e Medal which appeared in .~Th~ Medal Collectoz, July, 1970 had been submitted nearly ten years earlier, at which time I had seen only a few examples of this very rare medal. Since writiug the original article, I have examined numerous specimens of this medal*and have found that the medal was struck in pewter rather than in silver as I had earlier stated. These medals, erroneously reported as silver medals had been heavily silver plated by their proud owners to prevent and retard corro- sion caused by the medals belug exposed to water and sea air while lying absmdoned in the Savannah wsrehouse for nearly thirty yeses. * in the fine collection of the Confederate Memorial h~seum in New Orleans.

--O--O--o-O --0--0--0--0--0-- O--O--O-O-O-

9 A SOCIETY BADGE OF THE DUCHY OF BRUNSWICK by Jeffrey Ro Jacob

One aspect of the collecting of Imperial German decorations and medals frequently overlooked are the badges and other insignia of the various Military and Fraternal Societies. A rough estimate shows that more than 5,000 such sooieties existed prior to World War I and of course, many more came into being after 1918. At least half of them issued decorations. Some of these badges date back to 1848 and many were made by the same jewellers that manufactured the Orders of the German Princely Courts. One such piece is the subject of this article. The first photograph shows the Badge. This specimen is made of very light silver (hollow) and in shape, is much like the WWI Pilots Badges. It measures about 1½ inches by 2½ inches. As can been seen from the photographs, the inscription around the running horse (symbol of the Royal House of Brunswick) is: BRAUNSCHWEIGER LANDWEHR VERBAND (Brunswick Reserve A~ny Society). The small silver "Iron Cross" at the bottom of the wreath is inscribed: MITT GOTT FUR KAISER UND REICH 1887 (With God, for Emperor and Empire 1887). The ~ibbon is I inch wide, half yellow and half dark blue,with edge stripes of red, wh££~ and black and black, white and red. At least one badge has been seen with metal "tabs" on the ends of the ribbon. The second photograph shows the outer lid of the case, which is made of cardboard, being covered with dark blue paper with the lettering and badge in silver. It measures 2 inches by 3¼ inches by ½ inch. This badge was made by Gustav Hanneck of Brunswick; however, other pieces have been seen made by other makers. The date 1887 is probably the date of foundation for the Landwehr Verband. At that time the Ducal Throne was vacant. The Wolfenbuttel branch of the House of Brunswick, in the person of Duke Wilhelm I (r.1831-1884) had died out, with no male heirs. The legal successor was ex-Crown Prince Ernst August of Hannover, son of the deposed last King of Hannover (George V, r.1851-1866, d.1878) of the Royal House ef Brunswick-Luneburg. As his family had been stripped of their throne in Hannover as a result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, they had nothing but enmity for the House of Hohenzollern - in fact they had never recognized Wilhelm I of Prussia and his successors as Emperors of Germany. Therefore, when Duke Wilhelm died in 1884, they were not allowed by Kaiser Wilhelm llto take their rightful place as Dukes of Brunswick and Prince Albrecht of Prussia was made Regent of Brunswick (r.1885-1913). It was not until 1913 that the Ducal Throne came back to the House of Brunswick-Luneburg. The two Royal Families were reconciled by the marriage of Prince Ernst August (son of the ex-Cro~.~ Prince Ernst August of Hannover) and the Princess Victoria Louise (only daughter of Kaiser Wilhelm II).

i0 PHOTOGRAPH NO. 2.

PHOTOGRAPH NO. i.

ll PHILIPFINE CONSTABULARY MEDAL 0~ VALOR RECIPIENTS By ’William H~’ Powers The Consteb~lary was the result ef Act ~75, Philippine Cc~missien dated Aug. 18, 1901. CAn Insular Constabulary is hereby established under the gen- eral supervision of the Civil Governor for the purpose of better malntaininE peace, law and order in the various Provinces of the Philippines, organized, officered ar~ governed as herein set forth, which shall be known as the Phil- ippines Constabulary." The Philippine Constabulary was first known as the Insular Constabulary. The cellar ornaments being I.C. At this time the term "I.C." in military JarEon steed for "Inspected and Condemned". This was changed to the Philippines Con- stahulary fairly early and the collar ornaments chanEed to P.C. In 1911 the Philippines Constabulary became the Philippine Constabulary. The early constab- ulary was officered by Americans and the enlisted personnel were mainly Filip- inos. They were organized as a police group and were emphasized as such to dis- tinguish them fro~ the military currently eerving in the Philippines. The effic- ers were originally called Inspectors but Act 568, Dec. 23, 1902 changed the titles 1o military ranks of Lieutenants, Captains, etc.The lewest efficer rank bein~ Third Lieutenant. At the end of 1901 the Constabulary consisted of 183 offic- ers and 2,417 men. In June of 1902 the Philippine C~mmlesion authorized an increase to a maximum fo 5,000 men. The highest decoration awarded by the Philipp~ Constabulary was the Medal of Valor. The December 1965 issue of the Medal Collector has two illus~rations of this Medal in an article by James W. Peterson entitled AWARDS OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY. The ribbon is crimson with 13 white stars. The following list of recipients has been extracted from the book JUNGLE PATROL. THE STORY OF THE PHILIFPINE CONSTAHUALRY by Vic Hurley. A book by Major E~anuel A. BaJa THE M~AL FOR VALOR, THE DISTIN~ISH~D CONDUCT STAR, THE BISTIN~UISH~D SERVICE STAR! ~r~TH APPH~DIC~ ON OTH~ CONSTABULARY DECORATIONS A~D OA~PAIGN ~DAY~, Aug. B, 1901 to Dec. 31, 1932. Manila 1933, lists 64 awards as of Dec. 31, 1932. I have not been able to find a copy of the BaJa book to date. The first awards for the Medal of Valor were by General Order No. 8, Feb. 27, 1902. This was awarded for an incident on Feb. 24, 1902 to the fellowin~ three men. Second Class Inspector Heary Knauber; Private Manuel Gonsales; and Private Lois Perez. On March 27, 1902 to the following for an incident on the Island of Leyte. Privates Gular; Ladrera; Moron; Sampere; Cobacha; Reposar; Clarido; Corillo; Salazar; Padre; and Polo. Lieutenant Harrison O. Fletcher; Private Victmrio .Penalosa; and Private Ruperto Nclla for an action on Aug. 13, 1902. Captain Cary Crockett; Privates Bravo; Fortunate; Figuroa; and Delao on Sept. It, 1904.

Captain Wakeley and 6 enlisted men. Date and names not known. Captain James R. Lewis. June 23, 1905. Captain John R. White and Sergeant Arcadic March 2, 1906 at Bud DaJc.

Captain Bowers; Captain Jones; Lieutenant Pane. Soldiers Villas; Barboza; Cunanan; Castro; Llorando; Abobo; Macariola; Bobo; Cuello; Cipriano; Fumar; Lopinac; Nofes; ar~i Tazon f~ March 24, 1906.

12 Colonel Wallace Taylor Sept. 21, 1906.

Lieutenant Leonard Furlong and Corporal Malaco Sept. 2, 1907. Lieutenant Vernon L. Whitney; First Lieutenant Oscar Preuss; and Sergeant Malaco on Feb. 13, 1911. Malaco was the only man to ever win it twice.

Corporal Telesforo Endaya Dec. 1911. Eadaya was the 57th award. Lieutenant James Lo Cochr~n Jan. 1913.

Second Lieutenant Samuel T. Polk 1913. Lieu~enaz~ Donald Root Dec. 13, 1913. Captain A~tonio Costosa March 14, 1920. Third Lieutenant P~bert Y6u~g Jan. 30, 1927.

Lieutenant J~lio F. Barbajerao Posth~raous award Feb. 9, 1934 for Sept. 6, 1933. Last award was Nov. 14, 1935 to a soldier Pattlino Santos for an action in 1917. In 1935 Santos was a Major General and Chief of Staff of the Philippine Ar~. The Medal of Valor may possibly have been awarded to soldiere Eugenic Far- aque and Fernando Fi!onia in 1903. On Jan. 14, 1936 the Fhilippine Constabulary was trausferred to the National Army of the Philippines. ~CE~

Peterson, Ja~s W. A~a~ds of the Philippine Constabulary. The Medal Collector. Vol. 16, No. 12, Dec. 1965. Fa~es 2-4. Hurley~ Vice Jungle Patrol. The Story of the Phillipine Constabttlary. NY 1938.

COLON~L JOHN R. WHITE - CORPG~AL G~ ~GN LEGION hyFrederic yon Allaudorfer

In the foregoing article by~. Powers "Philippine Constabulary Medal of V~lor Recipients" the n~me of Captain John R. ~ite appears as a recipient of the Medal of Valor. Colonel ~ite’s Constabular!y record extends ever i~ ye~rs from 1901 to 1914 and his service records reads as follows: 3rd Class Inspector October iS, 1901 December 23, 1901 ¯ 2nd Class Inspector Ist Class Inspector December 2, 1902 Captaiu May 2, 1903 Major September lO, 1906 Lt-Oolonel September 22, 19~ Colonel February 14, 191~ retired December 31, 191~ He was awarded his Nedal of Valor for the storming of Bud Dajo, Jolo, ~reh ~, 7, 8, 1906. He ~as born in Reading, England on October i0, 1879. He entered the Grecian service as a private and later corporal - joining the Foreign Legion ~ch 30, 1897 to June 8, 1897. The Cretan Insurrection aga~_ust Turkey had been going "on since 1896 aud on February 2, 1897 resumed supported by the Greek Cretan Committee and the Ethnike Hetairia. The Greek goverr~ent forced by public opinion sent troops to ~rete. The Great Po~rs (England-Russia-Austria) feared a rising in F~.cedonia also and a Russi~n force under Gen F~raviev landed in Crete to hold the island in "deposit" for the time being. Notes passed from the Great Powers between Greece and Turkey we, re rejected by Greece and they massed their troops on the Nmcedonian border. Crete ~¢as blockaded and war broke out between Greece snd Turkey on April, 17, 1897. A Foreig~ Legion had been organized as part of the Greek Royal Army under the Command of a Frenchman, Captain Veratasse. In the Legion was and English company under the com~and of one Captain Birch, whose second- in-command was Lieutenant Ramshay. Another part of the Greek Army were some 800 Italian Gariba!dians commanded by Ricciotti Garibaldi and Col. Cipriani. With the Garibal~ians ~as smother English company compounded by one Saptain Short. Very few names or even the history of the Foreign Legion has come do~n on the pages of history for this short campaign which saw the G~eek army valiantly defeated in battle after battle ~ith the German organized Turkish Army. Captain Birch w~s wounded at Pharsala, and ~ith another volunteer, an Irishman named Corrigan ~as visited by the Queen of Greece in hospital. After the disastrous battle of Domokos an armistice ~as signed on ~Lay 19 and a settlement on September 18. The commander of the Legion Captain Veratasse was mortally wo~mded at the Battle of Domokos.

Six days after the Armistice, on the 26th of ~lay the disbandment of the Foreign Legion and the Garibaldians began. The order of the day issued by the Crown Prince of Greece from San ~rina where he had situated his headquart~ers stated:- "General His Royal Highness the Cro~n Prince, ConLmander-in-Chief of the Army in Thessaly: to the Foreign Legion leaving the Greek camp at Thermopylae. I transmit the expression of my great satisfaction ~t the order and discipline ~Jhich you have sho~n during the campaign; for your disinterested conduct, and for the bravery ~zlth which you have fought on every occasion. The officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers of the Legion may be sure in leaving Greece that the whole army ~zill always preserve in ineffaceable remembrance the noble men ~ho came forward in the hour of Greece’s trial, to show their pro- Greek sentiments and their readiness to fight for us in the cause of liberty and justice. Greece ~ill never forget that your blood ~as shed on the field of battle ~ith that of your gallant commander, Captain Veratasse. This general order ~ill be read to the ~ole army." It is no doubt that Corporal Nhite served through this campaign and the battles that occured during his ti~e of service. On April 29, 1899 White joined the U.S. Army by enlisting in the &th Infantry. Soon promoted to corporal he ~ent with the regiment to the Philippines and served his enlistment" being discharged on June 17, 1901.

After his retirement Col. ~nite. returned to the United States and in 1933 was li~-lng in California as Superintendent of the Sequoia P~rks. He authored a book of his experiences entitled ’~ullets and Bolos" which to da~e I have not loc~ated for perusal.

Since the Greek government did not strike a medal for service in the Gmaeco-Tur~ish W~r of 1897 it is wondered if any of the officers of the Foreign Legion received any of the’Greek Orders? In keeping with my study of soldiers of fortune, and foreign legions, regiments, and companies in service of other countries than their own I would be h~opy to hear from those with similar ken.

FOUR S ~’TREAMEP~$ ADDED TO MARI~E C~DRPS BATSY~E STANDARD Four new streamers representing Naval actions in which Marines partici- pated ¯Jill b~ added to the 42 now on the Battle Standard of the ~rine Corps.

They are: Quasi-War ~zlth France, 1789-1801; Barbary States Wars, 1801- 1815; African Slave Trade Patrol, 1820-1861; and operations against the West Indian pirates, 1822-1830. The Quasi-War ~ith France baga~ as a result of French ships raiding the American coasts. The government authorized the seizure of these vessels, and the recapture of American vessels taken by the French. The Navy sent 15 ships to sea, each ~ith detachments of Marines aboard. In the Barbary States War, Lt. Presley OtBannon and seven Msrine enlisted men marched 600 miles across the Libyan desert from near Alexandria, Egypt, to the city of Derna, Tripoli to participate in the capture of the capital city. Operations against the West Indian pirates resulted in free commerce by American ships operating in the Atlantic and Carribean. The Navy and N~rines destroyed pirate bases, capturing 79 vessels, 62 guns and 13OO men. The suppression of the .~fricanslave trade began whenEnglandandthe United States agreed to use "their best endeavors"to abolish the traffic in slaves. The Navy began patrolling off the coast of Africa, and by 1823 reported the absance of slavers flying the American flag. However, the Navy revived the patrols in1840, and because of a treatywithE~gland, was requiredto maintain a squadron of not less then 80 guns to suppress slavery. As a result of this joint action, iOO slave ships were reported captured by the start of the Civil War. from Navy Times - %-13-72, submitted by David E. Schulz --0--0--0--0--0--0--0--0--0--0-0-0--0--0--0"-0--0~ THE GRAND ARMY BADGE By Doug Boyce

The original badge of the Grand Army of the Republic was adopted in 1866 and is shown as figure 1. On Wctober 1, 1868 a change was made by the addition of an eagle to the top and a circular disc to the bottom. The disc was to contain insignia of rank similar to that found on later versions. Contracts were entered into for the manufacture of these badges in silver or gold plate, and in solid silver or gold with prices ranging from forty cents to $25. each. The failure of the manufacturer and objections to such a variety of materials and prices led the Adjutant General of the GAR to propose that another badge be designed and adopted.

The design shown in figure 2 was recommended to the National Encampment on October 27, 1869. On February 18, 1870 a circular was released which explained the design as follo~vs: "The badge is bronze, made from cannon captured in different decisive battles during the late rebellion, and in the form a five pointed star, similar in design to the two hundred medals of honor authorized by act of Congress to be given to soldiers and sailors most distinguished for meritorious and gallant conduct during the late war. The design, as here given -- was arranged by General F.Ao Starring, Inspector General of the Order.

"THE OBVERSE: In the center of the badge is the figure of the Goddess of Liberty, repre- senting Loyalty; on either side a soldier and a sailor clasping hands, representing Fra- ternity, and two children receiving benediction and assurance of protection, representing Charity. On each side of the group is the national flag and the eagle, representing Freedom, and theAxe or Bundle of Rods representing Union. In each point of the star is the insignia of the various arms of the service ....

THE REVERSE: Represents a Branch of Laurel - the crown and reward of the brave - in each point of the star. The national shield in the center, surrounded by the 24 recognized Corps’ Badges, numerically arranged, each on a keystone, and all linked together, showing they are united---. Around the center is a circle of stars, representing the States of the Union and the Departments composing the Grand Army Of the Republic.

THE CLASP: Is composed of the figure of an eagle, with cross cannon and ammunition, representing defence; the eagle with drawn sword hovering over and always ready to protect from insul~ or dishonor the National Flag, which is. also the Emblem and ribbon of the Order."

Under Commander-in-Chief Earnshaw in 1880, a change was made in the form of the eagle and also in the shape of the star, to make the latter more sYmmetrical, and figpre 3 shows the badge as it was altered.

In 1874, a recommendation that a badge for past officers be made available was adopted. The official description is as follows: " The official badge to consist of a miniature strap and plain ribbon, to which shall be pendant the bronze star of the membership badge; that this strap be ! 1/2 inches in length, one half inch in width, enamelled, with a border of gold or gilt, and on it the insignia of official position in the GAR, making use of the familiar star, eagle, leaf and bar of the old service .... . The enamel field is to be black for National and Department Officers and dark blue for Post Officers.

"The ribbon is 1 1/2 inches in length in the clear, and 1 1/4 inches in width; and in color, for National officers - buff, for Department officers - red (cherry), and for Post Officers, light blue. That to distinguish the different departments, a miniature shield in gold or gilt, with the coat of arms of the State, may be worn pendant to the strap---. "

The final change to the badge was made at the 1886 encampment at San Francisco. This change added the corps marks of Sheridan’s and Wilson’s Cavalry Corps, and of Hancock’s First Veteran Corps, in the points of the star on the reverse, and the camp-fire device on the reverse of the clasp. Figure 4 shows the final version.

The metal used in the medals was obtained from captured cannon which were stored at Governor’s Island by the government. Each badge was numbered as part of the final manufacturing process, and the initial of the Commander-in-Chief for that specific term was then added.

Only one additional point of clarification is necessary with regard to the "Officers" badgea The past officer wears the strap on the proper ribbon for his office, but beneath the bronze eagle of the regular membership badge. While in office, the strap acts as the clasp. These two types of badges are shown in Figure 5.

In summary we can see that there were actually four different types of GAR badges plus special badges for Officers. The first was in 1866 (slightly modified in 1868), the second was adopted in 1870, the third was the design change of 1880, and the fourth style was adopted in 1886.

Reference: History_of the Grand Army of the Republic_ by R.B. Beath, 1888.

FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4

FIGURE 5 by Haskell D. Richardson, OI~A # 593 General of the A~my Douglas ~cArthur’s record as ~ =t~..ericea~ military fighting m~u surely has no equal in all of our country’s history, l~ing World War I decorated 13 times and wounded twice, he was reco~uended for the Congressional l~dal of Honor for the second tilde. Earlier he had been recommended for the ~,~dal of Honor after his action at Vera Cruz in 1915, but due to tec~hnicalities no medals were a~arded. It was not until 1942 tlnat he bec~me the first four star general to receive his country’s highest

Collecting "firsts" was ~J_most a habit with him; he become the youngest division com~uder in France in ~orld W~r I, the youngest Superintendent at West Point (38 years old), the youngest active ~jor-G~neral, the youngest Army Chief of S°taff, and the youngest to become a fo~-star general. General l~c~thur ~s the first &mericen to become aField l~rshal of a foreign cotuu~~, ~and the first ~merican cor~nder to fly the flag of the United Nations. His ~g.lg record for four ye~s at West Point l~litary Academy has never been equaled according to published accounts. His. list of decorations and awards from other countries reads like a roll call at the b~ited Nations.

Strangely, the only ~ssing United States a~ard is the Legion of Merit, a r~sbon s~en upon the breast of virtually everf general officer¯ The story behind this oversight (?) would doubtless make interesting reading indeed! Politics has been kuown to enter even the~litea~ establishment. T~o personal letters to General Y~cArthur failed to produce &ny response. ~owing that I.~jor-General Courtney Whitney had been his long time aide and confidant, I sent a letter to Gen. Whitney’s Washington address. A short tLme later I was astonished to receive a letter ~th the return address, "The Waldorf Towers". M2z letter had followed Gen. l~titney to I.hcirth~’s apartment in New York. Four closely, typed sheets listed his awards and decorations, honorary degrees and other honors. A personal letter accompaniedthe list. It is interesting.to note that an October, 1942 pho~ograph shows Gen. MacArthur we~ing two separate Distinguished Service Cross ribbons, two sepe~ate Distinguished Service Medal ribbons, and seven Silver St~ ribbons! Apparently he disdained oak leaf clusters.

Because of the many foreign a~mrds it took several years and m~ny letters to many countries to secur~ the ribbon lengths necessary for hand mottuting. Rosettes are virtua!lyimpossible to find for some awards consequently there are still about lO rosettes missing from the display.

The 5-Star rank insignia, Combat Infantrl~man’s Badge, South West Pacific shoulder patch and a special cor~morative medal round out one of ~y most interesting and favorite "famous chests¯" ro~ 1 ~.~%L OF HONOR- ~ Disting~.ished Service Cross (20LO) Distinguished Service Medal - .~ (i OLC) 2 Distin~uished Service Medal - Navy Silver Star (60LC) Distinguished Flying Cross Bronze Star (for valor) Air ~dal Purple Heart (10LC) l~hilipplne Oaml~gn 1899-1903 M~xican Border Service 1911-17 Allied Victory Medal 1919 (w/5 bronze stars) 5 Germsn Occupation - World War I American Defense Service Medal (w/star) ~iatic Pac4_’fic Campaign (w/lO battle stars) 6 Victory Medal - }~ II Occupation Fedal WW II - Japan National Defense Service Medal 7 Korean Service ~d~l (w/9 battle Stars) United Nations ~edal - Korea Philippine Defense Megml (w!star) 8 Philippine Liberation Medal (w/i stars) Philippine Independence Bibbon Philippines: Legion of Honor~ (GO) 9 Philigp~nes: Distinguished Service Star France : Legion of Honour (GO) France : Croix de Guerre 191~-18 (w/i palms) lO Netherlands: Order of Orange Nassau (GO) Netherlands: Cross for l~rit Cuba: Order of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes - 5th Class ll Jugoslavia (Serbia): Order of the ~nite Eagle (GO) Polsnd: Order of Polonia P~estituta (GO) Poland: Order of Virtuti Militari 12 Ecuador: Order of Abdon Oalderon (GO) Greece: Cross of Valor (in gold) Belgium: Order of the Cro~n (GO) (w/p~lm) 13 Belgium: Croix de Guerre 1911 (w/palm) Czechoslovakia: Order of the White Lion (GO) Hungary: Order of Military Merit (GO) Belgium: Order of the Cro~n (Commander) Cuba: Order of ~£ilitary Merit (GO) Rumania: Order of Military Me~it (GO) 15 Italy: ~£%litary Order of Savoy (GO) Italy: Order of the Crown (GO) France: Legion of Honour (Grand Officer) 16 Korea: Order of ~£1itary Merit - Taeguk F~ugl~md: Order of the Bath (GO) Australia: Pacific Star 17 Mexico: Order of ~ilitary ~rit (GO) Guatemala: Cross of F~%litary ~,~rit - 1st Order ~ap~: Order of the Rising Suu (GO) 18 Italy: War Cross (~4 I) China: Order of Pan Ting Frsmce~ Legion of Honour (Commander) 19 USA: Presidential Unit Citation (60LC) Philippines: Presidential Unit Citation Korea: Presidenti~l Unit Cit~Ltion A~ditionsl: Combat Infsatryman’s Badge (Honorary) - presented in 1961 for performance of duty in ground combat ~nile Co~.smder in Chief - Sonthwest Pacific from April 1942 - August 19~5

Philippine Vedal for Valor

-~eoublic of Korea: Order of ~rit of Nation~JL Foundation (a~2rded posthumously on 15 Sept~.mber 1964 on the 1!~th armiversary of the Inchon landing. )

GEN. %.[ILLOUGHBY~ ~CJ~RTHUR AIDE IN PACIFIC~ D~IES AT AGE 80

On October 26, Major-General Ch:’~les A. Willoughby died at his retire- ment home in Naples, Florida. He was 80 ye~-~rs old. He served as assistant cb_ief of staff for Army Intelligence in the Pacific from 19~i until 1951.

Willoughby was responsible for orga~_iziug the defence of southern Bataan in the Philippines prior to the outbre~-~k of World War II, and was evacuated in 1942 from Corregidor ~-lth Gen. Douglas M~cArthur when the Japsnese overren the islands.

After the w~r, Willoughby served ~lth ~,~cArthur in Jap~u as assistant chief of s~aff for intelligence, retiring in 1951 shortly after the outbreak of the Korean Born in Germsny, Willoughby emigrated to the United States at the age of 18" stud ~ms graduated from Gettsburg College in 1914. He ~as co~--issioned in the Ar~y in 1916 emd sent to the l~xican border to hunt down outlaw Pancho Villa. He w~..s a member of the Americ~m F~xpedition~y Forces in France during World W.~m I. After the war he ~ms militancy attache in Venezuela, Colombia, and Eduador before becoming an instructor and chairman of the n~ilitary history department at the Cor~n.d General St~ff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

Author of "~hcArthur: 19Z~I-1951," he also served as editor of the Foreign Intelligence Digest fo!lo~ing his retirement from the military. He had lived in Naples for four years.

Willoughby was a~arded the Distinguished Service Cross, the Distinguished Service h~dal with oak leaf clusters, the Legion of Merit, ~_ud other honors by French, Spanish, German, British, Italian, Philippine, Venezuelan, ~ud Dutch goverr~ment s.

A military fituer.~l with ~ull honors will be held in Arlington National Cametary on November 2. EDITORS NOTE: In 1952 Genersl Willoughby also authored another book entitled "Shanghai Conspiracy" which related the story of the Serge Spy Ring. In the preface by General F~cArthur he refers to Richard Serge as the Soviet V~ter Soy as a reading of this book will bear out. -o -o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o- o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o- F.v.A~ SID~IGHTS ON THE KLNGDOM OF ~ T~O SIOILIES )~ ITS ORDerS BY Robert Mc Namara

(Excerpts from "The Last of the Bourbons", Harold icton, N.Y. 1961) (Kin~ Francis I: 1825-~0)

"Following haphazard hostilities with Tripoli ports !n 1828, a treaty with Tripoli; was announced on Novsmber /,, 1828, but the terms were not published as they were probably none too brilliant. This seemed au odd moment for founding new orders of chivalry: the Order of Francis I to reward civil merit and that of St. George for the military. The king was grandmaster of these, as of the three other Neopolitan orders of St. Januarius, St. Ferdinand and Constantine. That of St. Januarius was restricted to the aristocracy, but since that~6f St. Ferdinand was rarely bestowed, it was the most highly prized." (Kin~ Ferdinand II; 1830-59) "While Ferdinand’s goverr~ment was under, cross fire from England and France, he was leading a peaceful life in the bosom of his large fmmily. Queen Fmria Theresa bore him eleven children, two of whom died in infancy. There was a close c .om~unity of interests between this devoted pair, for the Quee~ was as pious as she was prolific; and though she could never roll her r’s she spoke fluent Neopolitan with a Teutonic acce~t. Both shunned Court ceremony and preferred Caserta ~to the c.apital. They divided the summer months between Gaeta, Ischia and the Quislsana palace above Castellammare, where the simplicity of their existence resembled that of any prosperous merchant. Amid the architectural splendours of CaserTm the Victorian homeliness of the King’s family life seemed oddly out of place. Linen was hung up to dry in marble halls; the children romped with the servants and played crude practical jokes on their tutors and governe~sss; the Queen sat over her sewing near the cradle of her latest infant, while the Zdng rocked another babe in his arms and distributed lollipops. In the capital they were obliged to exhibit themselves and entertain on a grand scale. The court balls were spectacular, and the costumes worn at one of~hese in 1853 may be a~m~ed in an illustrated album. The Kin~, more prim and proper than his grandfather, was equally fussy about fancy dress. Thus when Giovanni del Baize appeared as a Oalabrian brigand he was ordered to retire and make himself respectable. When he returned to apologize a few days later the King said: ’Remember, brigands should not enter the royal palace even in disguise.’ Though he disliked ceremony he took it seriously. He set so high a value on his orders of knighthood that he seldom conferred them. They were all the more appreciated in consequene. The Order of San Gennaro was usually inherited, but application had to be made for it by the recent holder’s heir. In one case a tardy application csme from a gentleman with a passion for horses who stank of the stables aud was none too clean. The King agreed that he was entitled to it, adding: ’The Order of the Bath would suit him better. Unfortunately it is not mine to bestow. ’ The Court almanacs show few changes in the officials of the royal household, Mho served as gentlemen o~ the chamber con esercizio or di entrata or as ’majordomos of the week’; the former were also called ’gold keys’ from their badge of office, inscribed V.R.S. (Vita Regis Securitas) to denote that they could enter any room in the palace." "On Sunday, November 27 (1859), (Salvatore) M~riscalco, Director of Police, ~as stabbed at the back entrance of the Cathedral (of Palermo) ~here he had gone to mass ~ith his ~ife and t~o small sons. It ~as raining, the streets ~ere deserted, and it ~as easy for the thug (hired by Mazzini, agents ~ancesco Ourzo and Rosolina Pilo) to escape through the narrow lanes nearby. Only his false beard was found. Mariscalco recovered to receive the congratulations of the conspirators as well as the king, who increased his salary and sent him the Grand Cross.. of Francis I. The assassin hastened to claim stud receive a pension from Garibaldi."

"Simultaneously, Brenier (French ~minister) was insisting upon ~hat he called suitable reparation for his public beating two months previously, though the king had done everything in his power to placate him. He claimed the Grand Cross of St. Ferdianad for Thouvenel (French foreign minister), a sum of 3~ million francs for the French ~ho had suffered by the bombardment of P~lermo, and the royal palace of Chiatamone for the residence of the ~ench ~mister. 1~reover he demanded these trifles ~ithin 24 hours, otherwise he threatened to ts2~e down his arms and apply for his passport. Even Thouvenel considered the demands exorbitant, and Brenier, to his chagrin, ~as soon recalled."

(Kin~ Francis II; 1859-61)

(In early September, 1860, Francis !I ~s forced to abandon Naples for the fortress of Gaeta under the pressure of the army of Garibaldi.)

"F~xcept for the English, French and Piedmontese envoys, all the diplomats ~ho received the king’s protest (ag~inst Sardinia) went privately to bid him farewell. Besides those who were to accompcaqy their sovereign to Gaeta, hardly 20 court officials were present for the final handkissing, a dismal parody of bygone ceremonies. Only one of the leading courtiers, PLarchese Imperiale, the chief equerry, had the courage to attend. So moved was the 1~Lug that he said: ’I shall never forget your loyalty to my person, but I ~lsh to give you a token of this,’ Offering the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Ferdinand, he added: ’Very seldom has the motto of this order been so apt as in your case, FIDEI .ET MERITO.’

(The friendly ambassadors had accompanied the court to Gaeta ~ 90 miles from Rome, 47 miles from Naples -~ but soon were disenchanted by the ’hard- ship location’, and disconcerted by what seemed ~as less than energetic pred- ations for defense. Acton gives a contemporary account of the release of the embassadors ~nd the honors conferred on them, along with its second paragraph of candid analysis):

"A note from the ~nister of Foreign ~ffairs to the representatives of the Powers thanks them for ~ho~lng their devotion to the royal cause and to the person of His ~.~jesty but coming to reside at Gaeta. His ~jesty expresses his gratitude not only to the ministers but also to the governments they represent. Not ~ishing, however, to e~ose them to the consequences of t~he bombardment, the King invites them to go to Rome ~here they ~-lll be considered as still residing near his royal person. Honours are also conferred on the diplomatic corps. The nuncio, F~nsignor Giane~li, Count Szecheny the Austrian .minister, Prince Wolkons~cy, the Russian ~ister, &nd Count Perponchar, the Prussian minister, ~e a~arded the ~rand cordon of the Order of Saint J~uuarius .... Count de Loss, the Sso~on minister, has the grand cordon of Saint George, and Cavaliere Frescobaldi, the Grand Duke of Tuscany’s charge d’affaires, that of Francis I. Now let us lift the veil off this official world. Their Excellencies could find little smmsement at Gaeta; they could not even dine at Mola. Their gaze turned longingly towards Rome, and they thoug.h of applying for the King’s sanction to retire there. It was a delicate matter, and they discussed their tactics in private session. The representatives of the three great northern Powers were the most anxious !o leave, and one of them intimated to the King’s entourage that they would be gratified if His ~jesty were to guess and grant their wishes. At first the King was vexed, but with his ~sual good nature he gave his consent, and even ~ent so far as to decorate them. But the diplomats were not at all satisfied with simple authorization. Rightly fearing that their governments would reprimand them and that their courage might be liable to suspicion, they begged His Majesty to give them a formal invitation instead. Again His Majesty consented ..... only the Spanish minister, Bermudez de Castro, ~rquis of Lerma, has behave more chivslrously than his colleagues."

(Francis survived in exile until 189~, when he died at Arco in the Trentlno, Austrian territory; he incidentally continued to award his orders while in ex~_le. ) "Maria Sophia, who happened to be in Paris when Francis died, rushed to :~co for the funer~l ceremony, which was attended by innumerable Austrian and Bavarian royalties and lasted for five hours.~ The ~rchbishop of Trent officiated and the drums of an Austrian regiment rolled in honor of the departed monarch ~ile guns boomed in the distance~ like the echoes of those at Gaeta. All the old incorruptibles, led by the knight~ of San Gennaro, held a memorial service in Naples; the long list ’of their resonant names and titles may be disinterred from their legitimist newspaper, the Verso Guelfo."

A NOTE ON ~ ~.n~[, FOR T~ SIEGE OF GAETA Frederic yon Allendorfer

A medal in silver was given by the Royal couple for those who took 9art in the Siege of Gaeta, 1860-61.

Obverse : Joined busts of the Kiug and Queen facing left, Legend: on the left "FRANCESCO II" on the right "~alIA SOFIA,’ Reverse: A view of the to~n of Gaeta and in exergue "GAETA 1860-1861" Ribbon : C~esti~l blue bordered in white I am led to believe that th~s ~edal is rather hard to come by as none has appeared to my knowledge in auction or medal lists since I became aware of it some fifteen years ago. I believe that James Risk has one in his collection but know of no others. With the ~uublication of the photographs of these two unauthorized wings ,~e are inaugurating a column directed towards the study of the awards of wings. ~nere wings occupy a’posit!on in the. pyramid of awards remains conjecture. They are for q~1~ication, skill, proficiedcy and denote service in certain fields of aviation aud airborne activity~ In the United States these are worn above the ribbons of medal awards. It is hoped that our readers ~zhLl support this column ~ith articles and supporting photographs. Also if there are some unidentified items it will be presented here rather than in the "Nhat was it issued f~r?" column. AP~RIGAN COLONIAL HISTORY ILLUSTRATED BY CONT~ORARY ~DALS, by C. Wyllys Betts, 384 pp. fully illustrated, $1_5.00 Reprint by Quaterman Publications, Inc., 5 So. Union Street Lawrence, Massachusetts O1843. The 189f+ edition of this book has for many years~ commsmded a rather high price on the book market. Now it is available in the reprint edition which is faithful to the original. Added to this edition are six new photographs of Betts medals that repose in private collections.

From the Colonial t.o the American Revolution this book acts as a springboard for a future but yet unwritten book on American medals since the Revolution. Starting with the medals for the War of 1812, Mexican and Civil Wa~ awarded by Congress a good format is ~rovided for a treatise on o~merican Battles and Medals which ~ould complement ~j. Gordon’s ’~ritish Battles and Medals." C. Wyllys Betts died in 1887 and this work was posthumous. It is wondered had he lived, and with his understanding of medals, would he have carried this work into the above mentioned periods N er did the torch drop from his hand for someone else to pick up? F.v.A.

COINS ~!,~D CUP~~R~NCY OF PANAMA, by Captain Julius Grigore, Jr. US~, 202 pages, profusely illustrated, hard bound, $ 6.50 Krause Publications, Inc, Iola, Wisconsin, 5f,9Y+5. This work details both the history of the coin issues of Panama from 1904 to the present, end the historical background against which they were issued.

~e author, a long time collector of coins of Panama, fully details the numerous coin types and varieties enco~u~tered in the Panamanian series. All are illustrated and described. What might otherwise be a dry technical study is enlivened by Grigore~s special ap?reciation for Panama’s coinage and its ties to history, an appreciation that could be gained only after years of residency in the Canal Zone. Panama’s history and coinage has been closely tied to that of the United States since Teddy Roosevelt’s enthusiasm for the projected Panama Canai prompted an independence movement in 1903. Most of %~he country’s coins have been struck at U.S. mints to the U.S. coinage standard, ~qile the currency of trade has been U.S. Paper money from the beginning, although one rare, aborted distinctiv~ Panamanian c~rrency issue was introduced in 19~. Of special interest to medal collectors is the 26 page appendix devoted to The 1,~dals of the Panama Canal from 191~ to 1970. New informations adds to the article which appeared in THE ~,~DAL COLLECTOR, Vol. ll, No. 6 - November-December 1960 by Gary C. Erug on the Panama Canal Sercice Medal ~ile primarily a coin collector’s reference book it ~Ii orove also to be an association reference to medal collectors in its treatment of the Panama Canal Service ~dals. F.v.A. NEWS

PHILIPPIN~S HONOR FLOOD RELIEF UI~JITS

Navy and N~rine Corps units toking part in relief operations in the flood-stricken Philippines have been awarded the Philippine Republic Presi- dential Unit Citation.

Some of the eligible organizations have been named by either HQMC, or BuPers but it’ll be at least a month before a detailed listing will specify who c~u wear the ribbon. Kno?m recipients are the Corps’ 33d ~I~%U, with H~J~-I65 and BLT 2-4, the helicopter carriers Tripoli and New Orleans and the tank landing ship Cayuga.

In only the second such presentation to allied nation forces since World War II, the Philippine PUC was given to more than 30 U.S. armed forced units for their emergency assistance when flood waters inundated most of Luzon Province from July 22 to August 13. from Navy Times - 9-6~_ 72 submitted by David E. Schulz

by Robert S. Horowitz, from Air Force Tizes, September 20, 1972

Despite mil~ opposition from the Defense Department, a House Armed Services subcom~Attee voted this week to change the name of America’s highest combat decoration to the "congressional Medal of Honor." Several members of the subcommit@ee admi.tted they slways thought the Medal of Honor has had the word "Congressinnal" in front of it, but it doesn’t. The congressmen aren’t ~/ue only ones who are confused. Past President Thomas J. Kelly, of the Congressional Medal of Honor Society said he has an official identification card, signed by the Secretary of the Army, which identified Kelly as a holder of the "Congressional Medal of Honor," which really doesn’t exist. Kelly’s card identifies him for one of the three benefits that Medal of Honor holders get ~ high-priority space-available military travel, the right to send their qualified sons to the s~rvice academies, and $i00 a month for life. Any other honor or courtesy -- such as when generals salute former Corporal Kelly - is purely informal and traditional. Actually there are three different Medals of Honor - one for the Navy (also awarded to Marines), one for the Ar~y, and one for the Air Force.

Col. Eugene F. Ganley, commander of the Army’s Institute of Heraldry which is in charge of heraldry and decorations for the entire government, told the subcommittee that the government pays $32.50 for @ach Medal of Honor packs4~e which includes the medal and neck ribbon, the rosette worn in the lapel, the service ribbon worn on the uniform and the box in which the whole works is presented. The Bronze S+~r package bought in very much larger quqntities, costs 17 cents. It’s not the medal’s me~rl that’s expensive - it’s made of bronze, brass or gilding alloy, depending on the military service -- it’s the fact that so few are bought at a time. The Congressional Space Medal of Honor costs $I,000 per dozen, because only a dozen have been ordered and because each one has a q.u~er carat diamond in the middle. Nobody has yet been awarded one of these space medals. Although the Medal of Honor costs only $32.50, it is worth ~275 to pawn shops and collectors, because of the medal’s relative scarcity. Tech- nically, it is illegal to sell the Medal, but some people do it anyway. Kelly said only 301 living Americans - out of 30 million veterans - have the highest medal. Kelly’s group asked Congress to change the name to the Congressional Fmdal of Honor because so many other organizations give out their own versions of the medal of honor. Subcommittee chairman J~mes A. Byrne (D., Pa.) agreed and even supplied a list of examples. F~dals of Honor and s~m~]ar-sounding ~rizes .are awarded regularly for outstanding contributions to the sport of archery, for the advancament of the electronics industry, for the Camp Fire Club of America, for exceptional understauding of osteopathic principles, for contributions to the American pharmacy, and by the Freedoms Foundation for such achieve- ments as noteworthy advertising and good sermons. The bill, HR 11035 was approved unanimously, and now it goes to the full Armed Services Committee which is likely to send it to the House floor very quickly. submitted by Maj. J.R. Buschmann

The Royal Air Force thinks so much of Corpora! ~rancis Iddon’s cooking that he has been awarded the British Empire Medal. "It is very unusual for a cook to get the BEM," said an RAF spokesman, "but his cooking is highly thought of." The a la carte menus 38-year-old Corporal Iddon prepares for Princess Mary’s RAF Hospital feature Lancashire hot pot, black pudding and grilled steak. from Philadelphia Evening Bulletin September 18, 1972 submitted by John Lelle

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The Editor is desirous of instituting a column which would be entitled "What Others Publish" and current reports of articles in magazines and newspapers which deal with the collecting of Orders and Medals of the World. He encourages those who receive publications to list those articles ~ich would hold the interest of our Society. There is always a need for bibliographic and periodic published material to aid the research student in the compilation of information for articles.

3O DON CHALIF AW~A~DED A PLAQUE FOR HIS 0UTST~d~DING ~HIBiT

Don Chalif was awarded a plaque for "Outstsmding Exhibit" at the recent Convention in San Francisco. His exhibit included 36 displays of leading scoring fighter ace~ who fought on the Eastern Front duri~Lg World War II. Pilots who appeared in this exhibit included pilots from Germany, Hungary, Spain, Russia and Fr~nnce (with the Regiment Normandie-I.~iemau ~;ho fle~ on the F~stern Front.

AUTHORS ~F~CH ~D ~IDS

Jeffrey R. Jacob, Z~f+ Washington Street, Hackettstown, N.J. 078~0 is in the process of finalizing his "Jewellers ~,~nograph" ~Jhich he has been working on for a number of yeses. He has to date over 300 jewelers ir~ his listings who have made orders and decorations. He ~ill be happy to hear from those who have cases of presentation where the name of the je~eler is printed. Anthony R. Ayres of Great Britain is ~Lxious to secure more information on the Kitt~ming Medal which was featured as a brief article in the September 1971 issue of the Medal Collector.

Frederic yon Allendorfer is doing some research on the Bavarian Volunteers who served in the Grecion army of Ki~g Otho of Greece (son of King Louis I of Bavaria). Two medals were issued l) Commemorative Cross of the Bavarian A~xiliary Corps, 2) Con~nemorative Cross for the Bavarian Volunteers. He would li~e to knowwho co~2anded Corps, numbers and brief history. One Louis Blenker, a Baw~ian joined this Corps in 1833 and went ~o Greece raising ~from private to sergeant ~h~n the Legion disbanded in 1839. The revolution of 18~9 prompted him to leave Europe for America and o~ the out- break of the Civil War he raised the Eighth New York Regiment being apvointed colonel. On August 6, lS61 he was promoted to a bTigadier-general. HONDURAN ORDER OF SANTA ROSA ~I~D CIVILIZATION

Facetted 8- pointed St~r w/superimposed gilt and en~nel badge. St~ measures 87mm, badge 50mmx 50z2n. Cross w~hite enamel, ring around the center graen~/gold lettering "RE~UBLICA DE HONDOUP~S" Center gilt (pebbled bacl~round) w/gilt letters: "DIOS, HONOR, PATRIA." Wreath of Oak left, and Olive right in green en~mel, outlined in gold, between arms of super- imposed cross. Collection of Joseph R. Hovance, submitted by Jeffrey ~. Jacob.

I~HAT 0E~S PUBLISH

Journal Europeen du Collectionneur d~ordres et decorations: Numero 6 2e annee juin 1972 This issue of t~e Journol (which is published in S~tzerl~md i~French - Ge~an smd English) q~ntains the following articles:

L’Ordre Royal d’Espagne - by Me A. Damien Ein~¢enig behsz~nter chinesischer Sternl -by Heinz Wehlisch Czechoslovak Janosik’s Medal - by Dr. Ivan Kolacny and Josef Sedy Croix des ~diti - Die Java-F~daille der Honourable East India Comply yon 1813 - Dr. Klietm~an ~daille Commemorative du siege de Belfort - by Col. Rullier Les decorations et les timbres ~ by Col. Dion Panzer-Kampfabzeichenmit der Einsetzzahl I00 - Dr. Kliehmann A "What~as it issued for" type with t~o pictured medals L’0rdre de Saint-Louis sous le regne de son fondateur 1693-1715 Das ’~a Cro~x des Services Civiques 1914-1918" der Vereinigung " La ReJonnaissance Nationale Francaise" - by Dr. Klietmann NOTES ON LIFESAVING MEDALS

THE ROYAL LIFE SAVING SOCIETY MOUNTBATTEN MEDAL FOR 1971

by J. Boddington.

The recently published 1971 Commonwealth Report of the Royal Life Saving Society contains details of the award of the Mountbatten Medal. As most readers are aware, the Mountbatten Medal is awarded only once each year to the individual holding one of the Society’s proficiency awards who makes the most outstanding rescue of the year.

The 1971Mountbatten Medal was awarded to Kenneth Grant Robson, of New South Wales, Australia. Mr. Robson is a holder of the Bronze Medallion; his citation reads:

"At 5 a.m. on 16th May, 1971, Mr. K.J. Robson and his son Grant, aged 16, were fishing from the rocks on the headland outside Nelson Bay when Mr. Robson was washed into the sea by a large wave. Although injured, he was able to swim about one hundred yards to avoid further injuries from the rocks, over which a very rough sea was now breaking with waves of ten to fifteen feet. In the darkness, Grant attempted to guide his father to calmer water by shouting instructions and the use of his torch, but Mr. Robson had lost his glasses and was trying to reach a beach about half a mile away. He was impeded by his rod, which was acting as an anchor and he was entangled in the line which prevented him removing his outer clothing,

After half an hour, Mr. Robson shouted to his son to fetch help, but Grant decided the situation was now critical and that he must take action himself. He entered the sea through the rocks and swam out to his father. He assisted his father towards the beach but became entangled in the line which he had to bite through to free himself. He decided that he must return to land the shortest way through the rocks and succeeded after fifteen minutes in getting his father on to the shore at the second attempt, after being washed back once. He carried his father up the rocks to the beach half a mile away to their car. The area is known to be frequented by sharks." WHAT WAS IT ISSUED FOR? conducted by F. yon Allendorfer

7231 This b~dge is silver ~ith ~ dull ~ilver wreath riveted on and red enamel insignia attachod to the center, submitted by D.M. Brill.

7232 Silver pih~back badge ~ith gold-edged, ~.lhite en~,nel "cross" superim~.o~ed. Center gilt (pebbled bac!~grotund) w/cro~med i~agle "7" in gilt below. Red inner and green outer enamel around the center. ~ksd on reverse "ST. ZYG~,h~iJ~, PD~!~" 5@x50n~. collection of J. R. Jacob SECRETARY’ S REPORT FOR SEPT. h~IBER. .I 97.2 NEW M~iBERS The following have applied fbr membership to our Society. If no written objection to such application be received from any member within thirty (30) days from the date of publication of said notice, applicant shall forth- with be admitted to membership (Art III~ Sec 3 of the OMSA Constitution and By-Laws).

#1975 - TS~t _.Jo _hn ~. Walker (Sommer #1730) #1976_, ~ ) 5627 C~sa Blanc~ Rd., Scottsdale, AZ #1977 - Rober~ G. Borrell, St. (Hickman 7607 Wagner Trail, Clinton, MD 207]~ #1978 - James__L. Wa.$~sgn (Secretary) 7452 Pa~k To~e South, Apt 19%, St. Louis, MO ~1979 - Dr. Pierre Reynes (Secretary) _ ] Rue A, Lautman, 31000 Toulouse, France #1960 -Josiah W. Taylor (v.Schwitters ~ 7020 Hershey Way, Orl.ando, FL 32807 #1981.- George ~. Jeter, Jr. (Treasurer) ’ ’106’0~ Uollege, ~(an~as City, MO 64137 ~1982_- Terence G. Mc Cormick (Secretary) - Florenceville, New Brunswick~ Canada #198] - Steven A. Certilman (Ginsbffrg #1782) P.O. Box 20, Woodbury, N~. 1~797.... #1984 - Brooks R. Woolford, Jr, (Krug #~9). ~3F02 Perthsh~re~ Houston, TX 7702@ CHANGE OF ADDRESS #1004 - Captain William K. Emerson 701 N.. Grandvlew, S~iliWater, OK 74074 #142R- Ernest. E~ Vagi 11890 Kader Dr.~ Parma, OH 4~130 #I 5B7 - Frederick Dttmln Dept. of History, Univ. of Western Ontario, London 72, 0ntario~ Canada #1646 - Eugene V. M~ Andrews 4232 Eldone’ Hd., ’B~ltimore, MD 21~229 REINSTATEMENT

#1131~,,- ~ester L, C~mpbe~ ’ ’13i4-Cozy Terrade, Anaheim, CA 92806’~(~oi~ NEW M~,~BER number 1969 as reported in the Octobe~ issue)

EXPULSION At the Directors meeting of the Orders and Nedals Society of America convened on Friday, August 11, I~72 at the Annual Convention in Burlingame~ California, the Board of Directors voted to expe~ from membership the below listed member for conduct prejudicial to the Society. #!5~9 - Jack W. Brm~n (Military Collectors Company of Canada) P~O. Bo~"2~1, I~Xin~t0n~ Toroh~o, Canada The Secretary takes this opportunity to inform the member- ship of the results of the election held at the Annual Conven- tion of the Orders and Medals Society of America. The follow- ing members were elected to serve the terms of office 1973-74. In the absence of an official Teller’s Comnittee Report the Secretary is unable to give the membership the voting figures (the number of votes cast for each candldate~ etc., etc.) Vice President - Charles H. Bell #866 Secretary - John E. Lelle #379

Treasurer Cornelius B. Tyson #823

Directors John B~ Hickman ~43 Rolfe R~ Holbrook HM~6 Harry A. Mohler #32 Dr. George Podlus~y #677 L. Richard Smith #620 S. G. Yasinitsky HM#7

Respectfully submitted - JOHN Eo LELLE~ Secretary

COLLECTOR’S ITEMS 1898 - CONNECTICUT, numbered medal in original Bailey, Banks and Biddle gold%imprinted maroon case w/original wrappings, brooch. $35 1898 - MISSOURI, AE medal to N.G./UoS.Vols.,orig. Rib. & brooch. $25 MEXICAN BORDER SERVICE - Akron~ Ohio, to companies B & F of the 8th Regto &Batt. B of the Field Art. Battn. On lettered brooch. $25 MEXICAN BORDER SERVICE - DELAWARE, officially named & rank, AE. $30 MEXICAN BORDER DUTY - Neenah-Menasha~ Wisc., silvered 3-armed cross given to Co. i of the ist Wisco Infantry, hallmarked° $25 1917-1919 - NEW YORK STATE Overseas Meda! for service in Siberia, Rus- sia, Germany, France, Belgium, Italy, orig. R. & B., numbered. $I0 1917-1918 - Allentown & Lehigh Ctyo "VICTORY" igo bronze 40 mm. meda! with seated Victory design, hallmarked~ $15 1917-1918 - PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD CO., special keystone-shaped heavy bronze medal, officially named, looped for watchchainwear. $20 1917-1919 - DUTCHESS CTY.~ N.Y., bronze cross, Victory design standing on a globe, hallmarked, impressive attractive design° $15 1917-1919 - SALEM..~....OHIO, same as above Victory design, winged figure b!owing trumpet, ’~orld War Service", aw’d July 4, 1919. $18 1917-1918 - FRATERNAL PATRIOTIC AMERICANS, to their brothers in the American Expeditionary Force, hmk’d on orig. brooch & ribbon, AE. $15 1917-1919 - GREENVILLE CTY.~ S.C., bronze meda! on original ribbon and lettered brooch ’~ar Against Germany", original presentation case along with a copy of the resolution creating this medal: $20 1917-1918 - NEW J~RSEY, World War "Victory"~medal in bronze, on origi- nal ribbon and lettered brooch, design w/airplanes, soldiers etc. $12 1917-1918 - SEYMOUR~ CONN., 5-arm AE cross, eagle, seal, hmk’d. $15 1918 - MANCHESTER~ N.H., to the Defenders of Justice & Liberty, bronze medal on original ribbon & special blank-bar brooch, hmk’d.~ $16 1917-1918 - STAMFORD~ CONN.~ Named offici~lly, bronze medal on original ribbom, both suspensatory and backdrop, original brooch. $I0

36 1917-1919 - ALBANY~ N.Y., large bronze medal on original ribbon & brch. with official naming. "Patriotic Service". $16 1930 - UNITED STATES LINES gave this large bronze and gold medal to the members of the GOLD STAR PILGRIMAGE TO THE BATTLEFIELDS OF THE WORLD $45 NEW JERSEY - ’~arksman", old-type gilt medal w/4 chain-lined bars 1894, 1895, 1896 & 1897, all original brooch etc. ¯ $15 PENNSYLVANIA - "Expert Marksman" sterling cross for the N.G., original chain suspension from "1908" brooch, hallmarked and proofmarked. $15 CALIFORNIA - "Rifleman", sterling medal and brooch, hallmarked, proof- marked & numbered, chain suspension, bars for 1908 & 1909. $20 OHIO - Nat. Guard weapons prof. bronze cross on chain susp., ’~arksman" 3 yrs, "Sharpshooter" 2 yrs, "Expert" bars, nice old pc. Hmk’d.’ $25 MASSACHUSETTS - Gold, silver & enameled EXPERT medal on chain suspen- sion plus original ribbon and tubular brooch, "1905"o $25 NEW JERSEY - "Faithful Service" bronze star, old type on chain susp., hallmarked & (Noo) "9" for "I0 Years Faithful Service". N.G. Star is a 10-pt. pendant with separate Coat-of-Arms insert in center. $30 MINNESOTA - "National Guard Faithful Service" bronze medal on origina! chain suspension with "20 years" bar, hallmarked, old type. $35 CONNECTICUT - "N.G. Faithful Service" ponderous heavy bronze cross on movable eagle suspension for "i0 Years", original ribbon & brooch, hallmarked and numbered on reverse along with award inscription to ist Lt. Charles L. Wright, llSth Observation Squadron, 43rd American Division. An unusual aviation award~ $45 GERMAN 3rd REICH (Nazi) DECORATIONS N.S.D.A.P. Party Long Service Bronze Cross - Type in heavy metal, multi- piece construction, in original case with fema~neck ribbon. $30 Government Service Cross for 40 Years - Gilt and enameled cross in original gold imprinted presentation case. $25 FOREIGN MINIATURES GREECE - Red Cross silver medal with enameled design, orig. rib. $8. FRANCE - The Aeronautical Medal in gilt and enamels, hallmarked and proofmarked with movable wing suspension, original ribbon. $i0 ITALY - Silver "AI Valore" of the Kingdom, w/brooch, old pc. $6. ITALY - Bronze African Campaign Medal of Umberto I, w/brooch. $6. Write/call G. Krug, 9308 Jefferson, Brookfield,IL.60513 (312-485-3837)

: %~NTED : IMPERIAL RUSSIAN O~ ~/~D MERALS

John Mc~ity #647 42 High Street Wakefield, Rhode Island 02879 asond Will Pay reasonable prices for the following items: Order of White Falcon, Commander, Saxony-Weimar Order of Henry the Lion, Commander, 2~d CIo Brunswick Order of Zahrlngen Lion, Commander, 2nd CI. Baden Albert Order, Commander~ 2nd CI. Saxony Grand Cross sets of all other countries. Advise details and price~s Gordon E.. Ross, N. 7.2~_ Monroe~ Spokane, Washington 99201 n/ Wanted: One inch lengths of the medal ribbons of all the awards given to members of the Civil Air Patrol. Wi!l pay cost and postage. J.~W~ Conway~ 28~ Packlngton St~q Landon~ Nq ~.~ ~!~d~ n/ WANTED DIE RITTER UND VERDEINSTORDEN DES KONGRICHS BAYERN by LESER DEL BASSETTI, 680 FOOTHILL BLVD.~ SAN LUIS 0BISP0, CALIF. 93.401 nd/ FOR SALE OR TRADE: I - Order of the German EagIe~ 2nd Class, ’(’~’) six pointe~ ~tar hallmarked 900-#21, chi~ left arm and cen- ter; (b) neck cross, 50ram. perfect, no ribbon_900-#21 - this set is with swords. 2 - Order of ~he German ~sgle, gth Class, no swords, ring i~ hallmarked 900-#21. 3 - Silver Medal of Merit, no ribbon, ma~rked on rim 93~ PR Munze Berlin. Will accept key US medals in trade, groups, MofHnamed, etc., will accept bids. 4 Medal set wil~ go to the best offer. .Gary L. Massey~ 26~ Ridge Street~ Carlisle~ Pennsylvania ~701~ n/

Plastic sheets to 0 0 0 0 hold twelve decora- tions. 10 sheets, $). postpaid. See both sides. Fits 3 ring binders.

SHEET SIZE 9 I. Rath, 1102Wyoming POCKET SIZE 2 ~16 X 3 5/8 @tre£t, St. Louis, M0 63118 542 169

615

American Colonial History Illustrated by Contemporary Medals

by C. Wyllys Betts

A reprint of the monumental 1894 edition, this volume deals with the various medals struck the world over to commemorate events leading to the independence of the United States in 1776. Encompassing 384 pages, this standard reference describes 623 medals in various categories and includes many line drawings reproduced from the original impression. TWenty- six new photographic plates have been added, illustrating some of the finest Betts medals in private collection, as well as a complete price guide, which, for the first time, enables the collector and dealer to place accurate values on these prized medals. This price guide is bro- ken down into the various medals in which each variety was struck, and an indication is made, where known to the compilers, as to which medals are represented by cast copies and later restrikes. An absolute must for the American numismatist and student of American Colonial History.

$15.O0

Order from: Quarterman Publications, Inc. 5 South Union Street Lawrence, Massachusetts 01843

39 ADVERTISING RATE~ - Continuous copy~ 60 character spaces per llne constitutes CLASSIFIED advertising. Cost is $Io00 per each 6-line unit.o--~rac-~n thereof. DISPLAY copy will be done on a line for line basis according to advertiser’s in- structions and spacing or sample provided. Maximum 60 lines per p~geo Display rates are as follows: FULL PAGE - ~20.00 HALF PAGE - $10.00 THIRD PAGE - ~7.00 FOURTH PAGE - $5°00 FIFTH PAGE - $4.00 The inside back cover is available for full-page display ad- vertisements on a first come first served basis. The back cover will be reserved for classified advertising only. 0MSA regulations require that all ads be prepaid. Checks to be made payable to the Orders and Medals Society of America. Advertising is presently being handled by the Secretary and all inquiries, advertisement copy,.and fees should be direc- ted to that office. Our journal is read by al! interested medal collectors, enthusiasts, and historians. Take advantage of our low rates and advertise in these pages.

The Board of Directors has ruled to disclaim all responsibility by the Orders and Medals Society of America, its officers elect- ed or appointed, and by the editor of this publication, for the accuracy of description or any merchandise offered in adverti- sing herein, or for the ethics or character of any advertisers making use of these pages. Advertising is published exactly as received and no inquiry is made into the reliability of vendors. Advertising is also accepted from the general public. In con- sequence, dealings between or among such persons are entirely at the risk of those concerned.

ADVERTISE IN THE MEDAL COLLECTOR X!!

~~.~: ALL ORDERS__DECORATIONS AND PERIODS. SPECIALLY INTERESTED IN THE FRENCH INTERVENTION PERIOD~ BOTH RE- P~BLIC AND ~PIREo WRITE FIRST.

DON BAILEY~ P.O. BOX 4281 ~ Iq~MA, ARIZONA 8~364

FOR SALE -Loyalty Clas~.. of Fl’emlsh Nazis, bronze two lug type back as shown on page 16 of the January.issue of THE.MEDAL COL- LECTOR - $7~.00; SS Ba.~ge, hallmarked##~29 - $40.00. Warthe- 1.and Gau Badge, only 5~ of original finish left, .fiat pin back - $40~O0;~E~_stern Peop~es~ Badge, Ist Class, GoId w/s in original caseu,- $18.OO; Infantry Assault-Badge, bronze, hallmarked M.K.I. $12.00; ~fantry Close Combat Badge, hallmarked FEC Peekhaus, Berlin~(~; Wound Badge, Silver, hallmarked 28 - $10.00. All items original. One (I) week inspection. U.S. Money Order only.

Ernest C. Hunter~ 10 Edwin Ct., East Rockaway~ New York 11~18 nd~l