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The Congressional Texas Cavalry Brigades Medal

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The Congressional Texas Cavalry Brigades Medal OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ORDERS AND MEDALS SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOL. 23 NOVEMBER 1972 NO. 11 THE CONGRESSIONAL TEXAS CAVALRY BRIGADES MEDAL AS SEEN IN THREE VERSIONS The ~)AL COLLECTOR is the monthly journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America, a non-profit society incorporated under the law of the State of California in 1950. PRESIDENT: -Robert T. McNamara #859, P.O. Box 22035, Cleveland, Ohio, Z~4122. V!CF~-~iD~T: -Charles Bell #866, Bank of California Bldg. Suite 1504, P.O. Box 20395, Long Beach, California, 90801. SECF~ETARY: -John E. Lelle #379, 3828 Ronnald Drive, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19154. -Cornelius Bo Tyson #823, 613 Halstead Road, Sharpley, WiLmington, Delaware, 19S03. EDITOR: -Frederic yon Allen~orfer #1830, 3444 S. Home, Berwyn, Illinois, 60402. LIBRARIAN: -Gene Springier #1599, 4317 North F~ngo Road, Lot ’# 38, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 7~I16. RIBBON BANK MANAGER~ -Thomas Lee Caskey#1202, 905 Dafney Drive, Lafayette, Louisiana, 70501. CIRCULATION F~G]~: -Ray Witnik #604, 7508 Herr~nAvenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44102. DIRECTORS: -John B. Hickman #643, 1507 ~nlee Drive, Silver Spring, F~yland, 20904. -Rolfe R. Holbrook #499, 1035 Catalonia Ave., Coral Gables, Florida, 33134. -Harry A. ~hler #32, P.O. Box 43, Sausalito, California, 94965. -Dr. George Podlusky#677, 5816 N. Nicolet,. C~icago, Illinois, 60631. -L. Richard Smith#620, 2857N. Western Ave., Chicago, Illinois, 60618. -S.G. Yaslnitsky#1, P.O. Box673, Millbrae, California, 94031o Membership in the Orders and Medals Society of America is available on application at dues of $I0.00 per year. This includes a subscription to THE ~DAL. COLLECTORo All general inquiries, membership matters, and dues payments should be directed to the OMSA Secretary, John E. Lelle, at the addres~ listed above. Articles of general interest are solicited for the journal. Illustrations and photographs suitable for reproduction are most welcome with or ~ithout articles. Every possible consideration will be given ~ll submitted material for publication in THE F~DAL COLLECTOR. Please contact the Editor, Frederic yon Allendorfer or send copy directly to him at the above address. CONGRESSIONAL TEXAS CAV.~LRY ~EDAL ~ Major Albert F. Gleim Frequently overlooked in compilations of congressional and federal service medals is one approved in 1924 to recognize the World War I service of t~o brigades of Texas National Guard Cavalry. In late 1917 the War Department authorized and encouraged the State of Texas to raise two new brigades of cavalry. These were to consist of three0reg~ments each, ~_th a total authorized strength of appro~mately 350 officers and 7,900 enlisted men. After organization and training these units were to be mustered into federal service to relieve Regular ~trmy units along the Mexican border for overseas service. The required six regiments were du!y organized and in September 1918 cadre personnel started four month training courses at army camps. January 2, 1919 was designated as the date for entry on federal service, but the armistice intervened. Plans for federalizing the Texans were promptly scrapped, but most of the cadre completed their training. The U.S. WWI Victory medal was intended to be the sole federal recog- nition for war service. Nhile elegibility requirements were more liberal than those of some of the other allied countries, actual federal service between 6 April 1917 and ll November 1918 was a firm requirement. On this basis the m~bers of the two T~xas cavalry brigades were not elegible for the Victory Medal. Colonel William B. Tuttle of San Antonio was commauder of one of the regiments during its organizatibn, and carried on a post war campaign for some form of federal recognition. A 1921 request to the War Department for issue of the Victory Medal ~as turned do~n on the basis that an appropriate a~mrd could and should be made by the State of T~xas. Turtle then carried his cause to the Congress, enlisting Representative Harry M. Wurzbach. A bill to provide five thous~ud dollars for a special medal ~as introduced in 1922, but died in the Ho~se Military Affairs Committee based on an unfavorable report from the War Department. In 1924 the ssme bill ~as introduced in the Senate and again a report ~as requested from the War Department. This request ~as routinely passed to the Chief of the Militia Bureau, Major-Gan~ral George C. R~Ickards. His reply ~as direct to Senator Morris Sheppard, Chairman of the Senate Co~Lmlttee on Military Affairs. The report ~as quite favorable, contrary to War Department policy, and formed the basis for prompt passage of the bill. The War Depart- ment had one last chance to comment on the hill prior to Presidential signa- ture. They recommended a veto, stating that a special medal for the Texans would set a precedent, and that several ether groups not elegible for the Victory Medal might be e~pected to press similar claims. Nevertheless the bill ~as approved on 16 April 1924 and became Public Law 91, 68th Congress. Preliminary design work on the medal ~as done in the G-4 Equipment Branch and the Office of the Quartermaster-General. The result was very close to the final design, an octagonal medal of bronze, l~ inches in diameter. The obverse had the Texas State Flower, the blue bonnet, lupinus texensis, ~ithin the legend, tTexas National Guard Cavalry". The reverse ~as the lone star seal of Texas ~ithin a ~reath of live oak and olive, all ~Nlthin the legend "September 25 1918 - December 8~ 1918". The design was referred to officers of the Texas National Guard for review, principally Brigadier-General Jacob F. Welters, the 1918 co~mmnder of the 1st Brigade, Texas Cavalry. The T~xans were generally pleased ~-ith the design, but felt the proposed medal shoLtld indicate it had been a~arded by the Congress and for World War service. These deficiencies were remedied by adjusting the fin~ date on the reverse to that of the armistice ~nd changing the wording on the obverse to "~arded by Congress for Service in Te~as Cavalry". Problems ~ith the design were not over. Starting in 191g all federal medals were submitted to the Commission of Fine Arts for artistic approv2!. This undoubtedly raised the quality of U.S. med~llic awards~ but ~as to cause considerable delay and f~stration for both War ~nd Na~ Departments. In the case of the Texas Cavolry Medal, the design was rejected by the commission who insisted it needed to be executed by a professional medallist. Anthony de Francisci ~as selected to re~Jork the design in plaster, and the final result, as issued is illustrated on the cover of this publication. The ribbon is yello~ (for cavalry) ~ith a central stripe of white (to indicate the congressional nature of the a~ard) flanked by stripes of green (for proximity to the Mexican Border~. A quantity of 6,000 was procured in spite of experience with the Victory Madal ~here only half the elegible veterans claimed their medals. Distrlbu- tion ~as hendled by the Militia Bureau and begsm in October 192~. There ~as surprisingly little interest in the medsl, and through April 1937 only had been issued by the Militia Bureau. At that t~_me the ramaining 5,160 were turned over to the U.S. Property and Disbursing Officer of Texas for custody, storage, and any future issues. National Archives, Record Group ~07, General Correspond~ence of the A~djutant~ General’s Office, AG220.5 (T~xas 3-31-21) and AG220.5 (Texas ~-22-37). U.S. Senate Report No. 322, 68th Congress, 1st Session, 31 ~Larch 192~. THE SPECIAL U.S. FIRST WORLD WA~ T~_U~S NATIONAL GUARD CAVfJ~Y BRIG~DES MED.~L by Paul H. Till, OFAA # l~T1 At the time of the United States entry into World War I in April, 1917, regt~ar U.S. Aanmy units and fedsralized National Gusrd units from the States ~ere guarding the ~xican Border, primarily in Texas. This 1916-17 service ~as later recognized by the U.S. Ar~ug Mexican Border Service Medal. With Americsm entry into the European conflict the National Guard units still on duty on the border were returaed to their respective home states to prepare for re-entry into Federal Service for the ~rar and the regular U.S. Ar~y units w,?re ~_thdra~n in preparation for ambarkation to Europe. The result ~as that the Mexican border in Texas ~s faced ~ith suddenly being left unprotected after having been the scene of United States military efforts caused by difficulties ?n~th ~J~xico over a n~mber of issues, including the uncontrollable raids of the bandit, Pancho Villa. To avoid this situation the War Department on December 8, 1917 authorized the State of Texas to create new State units to guard the border. Texas carried out this authorization by creating two brigades of cavalry each consist"ng of three regiments, which totalled approximately 350 officers ~and 7500 enlisted men. These t~o brigades were in s~rvice from September 25 to November ll, 1918, ~ithout being federal- ized. Therefore, at the end of the ~r on November ll, 1918, the men in . these units were not, as a result of this service, entitled to the U.S. World War I Victory l~dal. The situation of State ~ilitary forces who performed military service in support of the war in some way but were not federalized was-~not unique in Texas. For instance, in New York following the mobilization of the State’s National Guard units, the New York Guard ~as created by the State to guard the vital waterways throughout the State, such as the Erie Canal, and the New York City water supply systems, against feared Germsn sabotage.
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