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Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessment ______

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Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessment ______ APPENDIX O ABORIGINAL CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT _____________________________________________________________________________ Snowy 2.0 Exploratory Works Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessment Report Date: 20 July 2018 Author: Dr Julie Dibden NSW Archaeology Pty Ltd Proponent: Snowy Hydro Limited Local Government Area: Snowy Valleys & Snowy Monaro Regional Councils TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 9 1.1 THE PROJECT ...................................................................................................... 9 1.2 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT ..................................................................................10 1.3 LOCATION OF EXPLORATORY WORKS .................................................................10 1.4 PROPONENT .......................................................................................................12 1.5 ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES AND REQUIREMENTS ...............................................12 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT – EXPLORATORY WORKS .......................14 2.1 THE EXPLORATORY WORKS.................................................................................14 2.2 EXPLORATORY TUNNEL......................................................................................15 2.3 PORTAL CONSTRUCTION COMPOUND .................................................................20 2.4 EXCAVATED ROCK MANAGEMENT ......................................................................20 2.4.1 ON LAND PLACEMENT ................................................................................20 2.4.2 SUBAQUEOUS PLACEMENT .........................................................................22 2.5 ACCOMMODATION CAMP .....................................................................................24 2.6 ROAD AND ACCESS PROVISIONS .........................................................................25 2.6.1 ACCESS ROAD WORKS .................................................................................25 2.6.2 WATERCOURSE CROSSINGS .........................................................................27 2.7 BARGE ACCESS INFRASTRUCTURE .....................................................................28 2.8 SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE .......................................................................30 2.9 CONSTRUCTION AND SCHEDULE .........................................................................31 2.9.1 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION ................................................................31 2.9.2 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES .......................................................................31 2.9.3 ANCILLARY CONSTRUCTION AREAS .............................................................33 2.9.4 CONSTRUCTION WORKFORCE REQUIREMENTS ...........................................33 2.9.5 TIMING AND STAGING .................................................................................34 2.10 DECOMMISSIONING ..........................................................................................35 2.11 KEY ASPECTS RELEVANT TO ABORIGINAL HERITAGE ........................................35 3. LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT ....................................................................................37 3.1 COMMONWEALTH LEGISLATION .........................................................................37 3.2 NEW SOUTH WALES LEGISLATION .....................................................................37 3.2.1 EP&A ACT AND ITS REGULATION ...............................................................37 3.2.2 NPW ACT 1974 ...........................................................................................38 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA – BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT .................40 4.1 THE PHYSICAL SETTING OR LANDSCAPE ............................................................40 4.1.1 GEOLOGY AND TERRAIN .............................................................................41 4.1.2 VEGETATION ...............................................................................................44 4.1.3 CLIMATE .....................................................................................................46 4.1.4 THE ABORIGINAL ENVIRONMENT ...............................................................47 4.1.5 THE PROJECT AREA ....................................................................................47 4.2 HISTORY OF PEOPLES LIVING ON THE LAND ......................................................54 4.2.1 ABORIGINAL OCCUPATION OF THE SNOWY MOUNTAINS .............................54 4.2.2 ETHNOGRAPHIC AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT ..............................................57 4.3 MATERIAL EVIDENCE .........................................................................................60 4.3.1 OEH ABORIGINAL HERITAGE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .........60 4.3.2 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IN THE REGION ......................65 4.4 PREDICTIVE MODEL OF ABORIGINAL SITE DISTRIBUTION .................................71 4.4.1 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL MODELS .......................................................71 4.4.2 PREDICTIVE MODEL OF SITE DISTRIBUTION FOR THE PROJECT AREA ........73 5. ABORIGINAL CONSULTATION PROCESS .......................................................78 6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD ASSESSMENT AND RESULTS ...........................81 6.1 OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................................81 6.2 FIELD SURVEY ...................................................................................................81 6.2.1 SURVEY METHODOLOGY .............................................................................81 6.2.2 FIELD SURVEY - RESULTS ...........................................................................84 6.3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL TEST EXCAVATION ............................................................. 130 6.3.1 TEST EXCAVATION METHODOLOGY .......................................................... 130 6.3.2 TEST EXCAVATION - RESULTS................................................................... 133 7. HERITAGE VALUES AND STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ...................... 154 7.1 SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA ............................................................ 154 7.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ABORIGINAL OBJECT SITES IN THE PROJECT AREA ...... 156 8. IMPACT ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................... 164 9. MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION ................................................................. 175 9.1 MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES ................................................. 175 10. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................... 182 11. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 185 APPENDIX 1 GLOSSARY ....................................................................................... 195 APPENDIX 2 AHIMS SITE SEARCH #281524 ..................................................... 196 APPENDIX 3 AHIMS SITE SEARCH #335511 ..................................................... 197 APPENDIX 4 AHIMS SITE SEARCH #335512 ..................................................... 198 APPENDIX 5 CONSULTATION DOCUMENTS ................................................... 199 APPENDIX 6 LITHIC DATABASE ........................................................................ 213 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Location of the Snowy 2.0 Exploratory Works in a regional context. ........................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 2 Exploratory works project area. ........................................................ 8 Figure 3 Exploratory Works elements. .......................................................... 17 Figure 4 Exploratory tunnel location. ............................................................ 18 Figure 5 Conceptual layout – portal construction pad. ................................. 19 Figure 6 Conceptual layout – excavated rock emplacement areas. .............. 21 Figure 7 Indicative location of subaqueous rock placement in Talbingo reservoir. ......................................................................................................... 23 Figure 8 Conceptual layout – accommodation camp. .................................... 24 Figure 9 Access road upgrades and establishment. ...................................... 26 Figure 10 Excavated material haul route. .................................................... 27 Figure 11 Barge access locations. .................................................................. 29 Figure 12 Location of Lobs Hole (Ravine) in a topographic context. ............ 51 Figure 13 Location of Lobs Hole Ravine Road in a topographic context. ..... 52 Figure 14 Location of the Tumut 3 Power Station area in a topographic context. ............................................................................................................ 53 Figure 15 Location of AHIMS Aboriginal object sites at Lobs Hole. ............ 62 Figure 16 Location of AHIMS Aboriginal object sites on or near Lobs Hole Ravine Road. ................................................................................................... 63 Figure 17 Location of AHIMS Aboriginal object sites
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