Local Safety Audit in the Municipality of Queretaro Center of Excellence in STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON GOVERNMENT, United Natiosn Oce on CRIME, VICTIMIZATION AND JUSTICE Drugs and Crime 2019 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Mexico) Report of the Local Safety Audit in the Municipality of Queretaro 2019 Center of Excellence in United Natiosn Oce on STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON GOVERNMENT, Drugs and Crime CRIME, VICTIMIZATION AND JUSTICE The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC, Members States or contributory organizations, nor does it imply any kind of endorsement. The content and information in this publication may be reproduced in whole and/or in part, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. The following reference is suggested: Report of the Local Safety Audit in the Municipality of Queretaro, Center of Excellence in Statistical Information on Government, Crime, Victimization and Justice of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2019. Comments on this report are welcome and can be sent to: Avenida Patriotismo 711, San Juan Mixcoac, Benito Juarez, C.P. 03730, Mexico City. Tel. +52 55 52 78 1000 ext. 1723 [email protected] www.cdeunodc.inegi.org.mx Copyright © United Nations, 2019. All rights reserved worldwide. First edition: April 2019 Printed in Mexico Foreword The international community, governments and the entire world currently face the most ambitious challenge we have ever met: to promote sustainability while protecting the planet and all who inhabit it, without exception. To achieve this, we now have a guide to enlighten the path we must follow: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, an ambitious series of complementary, interconnected goals that seek to improve the living conditions of people in every corner of the planet. UNODC plays a key role in the success of this task, as it addresses, in a specialized fashion, a fair share of the targets established in Goal 16 “Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions”. This Office recognizes that “There can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development”. Therefore, our agency fights for peace, the rule of law, human rights, development and equality in a broad, interdependent and progress- oriented framework. We are fully aware that reducing conflicts, crime, violence, discrimination and ensuring inclusion and good governance are some of the most complex responsibilities of the Governments from all countries, regardless of their size, institutional strength or level of development. We also recognize that, in order to address them, it is necessary to improve the understanding of patterns and trends in all forms of crime, their contexts and the risk factors that facilitate them. Decision-making and policy-making require quality, accurate, relevant and reliable information. Fighting crime begins with information. With this perspective, we introduced the methodology of Local Safety Audits, which have an innovative approach in terms of implementation, but are robustly grounded on a scientific framework of international standards and guidelines. The results of the Local Safety Audit in the municipality of Queretaro will be of an unparalleled value for authorities, as this material will serve as a cornerstone for inclusive, participatory decision-making. Few tools allow a similar level of communication, linkage and co-responsibility between government, institutions, civil society, academia, the business sector and citizens. Undoubtedly, this Local Safety Audit will be the instrument that allows us to face violence and crime from all fronts, involving everyone and leaving no one behind. This is just the beginning. Let us work together to follow this path. All together to achieve peace. Antonino de Leo UNODC Representative in Mexico Contents Foreword 5 List of acronyms and abbreviations 10 Introduction 12 Executive Summary 17 1. Context of the Municipality Queretaro 19 1.1. Territorial context 20 Location 20 Challenges of the urban environment 21 1.2. Social Context 27 Risk factors associated with violence and crime 36 1.3. Institutional context 46 Public Safety 46 Prosecution in the State of Queretaro 46 Administration of Justice in the State of Queretaro 50 Penitentiary System 50 Crime Prevention 54 2. Overview of crime in the municipality of Queretaro 55 2.1. Theft and robbery 60 Theft and robbery: figures and testimonies 61 Findings 73 Recommendations 74 2.2. Crimes related to gender-based violence 78 Crimes related to gender-based violence: figures and testimonies 78 Findings 87 Recommendations 88 2.3. Illicit drug trade 92 Illicit drug trade: figures and testimonies 92 Findings 98 Recommendations 99 2.4. Homicide 101 Homicides: figures and testimonies findings 101 Findings 105 Recommendations 106 2.5. Unlawful possession of and trafficking in firearms 108 Unlawful possession of and trafficking in firearms: figures and testimonies 108 Findings 114 Recommendations 115 3. Capacities of the Municipal Ministry of Public Safety of Queretaro (SSPMQ) 116 Context 117 Regulatory framework 117 Structure: Responsibilities and Strengths 120 Recommendations 126 4. Towards the consolidation of a crime prevention policy 132 Annexes 139 Annex 1. Theoretical and conceptual framework 140 Theoretical social and criminological approaches used 141 Annex 2. Methodological framework 143 Purpose 143 Expected results 143 Annex 3 Implementation of the Local Safety Audit in the Municipality of Queretaro 145 Annex 4. Risks per neighborhood 152 Bibliography 155 Acknowledgements This Report was developed by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime through the Center of Excellence in Statistical Information on Government, Crime, Victimization and Justice (CoE). Editorial Team Salomé Flores Sierra Franzoni Teresa Ivette Navarrete Reyes Luis Vial Naty Mireya Huerta Ferrari Ana Karen Padilla Saenz Max Von Allworden Portugal Jose Javier Flores Mares Edition and design Sergio Daniel Block Sevilla Carlos Alberto Apreza Patron Gonzalo Francisco del Aguila Vargas Carlos Rodrigo de la Barrera Nava The Center of Excellence in Statistical Information on Government, Crime, Victimization and Justice would like to thank the following organizations for their valuable contributions to the development of this text: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Colombia State Government of Querétaro Government of the Municipality of Queretaro, particularly the Municipal Ministry of Public Safety of Queretaro. Consejo Tematico de Seguridad y Vialidad Investigacion e Intervencion A.C. Citizen Observatory of Queretaro Red Mujeres Desarrollo Integral A.C CreSER para un Desarrollo Integral A.C National Chamber of Commerce (CANACO) Mexican Association of Real Estate Professionals (AMPI) Employers Confederation of the Mexican Republic (COPARMEX) National Chamber of the Development and Promotion of Housing Industry (CANADEVI) Autonomous University of Queretaro (UAQ) We would also like to thank Angela Me, Lucia González López, Johannes De Haan, Luisa Sanchez Iriarte and Roberto Murguía Huerta from UNODC for their reviews and input. Finally, we would like to thank, in particular, the girls, boys, youth, women, men, seniors, community leaders, civil servants, the police, academics, civil society, businessmen and people deprived of liberty who allowed us to come into their communities and work areas to hear their voices and, through them, to learn about the current situation of Queretaro. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime List of acronyms and abbreviations A ACA: American Correctional Association AMPI: Mexican Association of Real Estate Professionals C CANACO: National Chamber of Commerce CANADEVI: National Chamber of the Housing Development and Promotion Industry CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the US CECA: State Addiction Center CEDAW: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CEFERESO: Center of Social Reinsertion for Women CERESO: Center for Social Reinsertion CESP: State Coordination of the Penitentiary System CIEMA: Center for the Internment and Implementation of Measures for Adolescents CIJ: Youth Integration Centers CIPRES: Social Prevention Comprehensive Centers CNDH: National Human Rights Commission CONAPO: National Population Council CONEVAL: National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy COPARMEX: Employers Confederation of the Mexican Republic D DENUE: National Statistical Directory of Economic Units DIF: National System for the Comprehensive Development of the Family E ENDIREH: National Survey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships ENPOL: National Survey of Population Deprived of Liberty ENSU: National Survey of Urban Safety ENVIPE: National Survey of Victimization and Perception of Public Safety ECOSOC: Economic and Social Council F FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations I IMMQ: Municipal Institute for Women in Queretaro INEGI: National Institute of Statistics and Geography INPC: National Consumer Price Index IQM: Queretaro Institute for Women ISPC: Institute of Professional Career Service 10 Report of the Local Safety Audit in the Municipality of Queretaro L LFAFE: Federal Law on Firearms and Explosives LGBTTTIQ: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Transsexual, Transvestite, Intersex, Queer, Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, Allies, and Pansexual O OAS: Organization of American States P PGR: Attorney-General’s Office of the Republic PPL: Persons Deprived of Liberty S SEDENA: Ministry of