Onset, Duration, and Symptoms of Foodborne Illness
Onset, Duration, and Symptoms of Foodborne Illness Approximate Predominant symptoms Associated organism or toxin onset time to symptoms Upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms (nausea, vomiting) occur first or predominate Less than 1 h Nausea, vomiting, unusual taste, Metallic salts burning of mouth. 1-2 h Nausea, vomiting, cyanosis, Nitrites headache, dizziness, dyspnea, trembling, weakness, loss of consciousness. 1-6 h mean 2-4 h Nausea, vomiting, retching, Staphylococcus aureus and its diarrhea, abdominal pain, enterotoxins prostration. 8-16 h (2-4 h Vomiting, abdominal cramps, Bacillus cereus emesis possible) diarrhea, nausea. 6-24 h Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, Amanita species mushrooms thirst, dilation of pupils, collapse, coma. Sore throat and respiratory symptoms occur 12-72 h Sore throat, fever, nausea, Streptococcus pyogenes vomiting, rhinorrhea, sometimes a rash. 2-5 days Inflamed throat and nose, Corynebacterium diphtheriae spreading grayish exudate, fever, chills, sore throat, malaise, difficulty in swallowing, edema of cervical lymph node. Lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms (abdominal cramps, diarrhea) occur first or predominate 2-36 h, mean 6- Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, Clostridium perfringens, 12 h putrefactive diarrhea associated Bacillus cereus, Streptoco ccus with C. perfringens , sometimes faecalis, S. faecium nausea and vomiting. 12-74 h, mean Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, Salmonella species (including 18-36 h vomiting, fever, chills, malaise, S. arizonae), Shigella, nausea, headache, possible. enteropathogenic Escherichia Sometimes bloody or mucoid coli, other Enterobacteriacae , diarrhea, cutaneous lesions Vibrio parahaemolyticus , associated with V. vulnificus. Yersinia enterocolitica , Yersinia enterocolitica mimics Aeromonas hydrophila, flu and acute appendicitis. Plesiomonas shigelloides , Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio cholerae (O1 and non-O1) V.vulnificus , V. fluvialis 3-5 days Diarrhea, fever, vomiting Enteric viruses abdominal pain, respiratory symptoms.
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