DOCSLIB.ORG

Eucalyptus Cinerea Cultivated in Egypt

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

A Pharmacognostical study of Eucalyptus cinerea cultivated in Egypt A thesis submitted by Fatema Reda S. El-Sayed For The Degree of Master in Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacognosy) Under the Supervision of Prof. Dr. Fathy M. Soliman Professor of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Prof. Dr. Magda M. Fathy Professor of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Dr. Maha M. Salama Associate Professor of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University (2012) بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم ِ } إِ َّن اأْلَبأَراَر يَ أشَربُو َن م أن كَأأ ٍس ِ كَا َن مَزا ُج َها كَافُوًرا { سورة اﻹنسان )5( Approval sheet A Pharmacognostical study of Eucalyptus cinerea cultivated in Egypt Approved by: …………….………………………………… …………….………………………………… …………….………………………………… …………….………………………………… …………….………………………………… Date: / / 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all thanks to Allah, by his garce this work was accomplished. I would like to express my heartily appreciation and sincere gratitude for Professor Dr. Fathy Mohamed Soliman, professor of pharmacognosy, faculty of pharmacy, Cairo University for supervising this work, his kind help, valuable guidance and unlimited encouragement during the course of this study. I wish to express my honest and most sincere gratitude and my heartily appreciation to Professor Dr. Mageda Mohamed Fathy, professor of pharmacognosy, faculty of pharmacy, Cairo University, for her guidance and continuous encouragement. I refer my great indebtedness to Dr. Maha Mahmoud Salama, Associate Professor of pharmacognosy, faculty of pharmacy, Cairo University. No words could express my gratitude and my deep appreciation for Dr. Ali El Halawany and Dr. Reham Salah El-Din, Assistant Professors of pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, for their precious help throughout the study. I am deeply thankful to all my professors and colleagues in the Pharmacognosy Depatement, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, who gave me the benefits of their experience and encouragement and all those who helped in making this work possible. Finally, my great indebtedness and indefinite affection are due to the members of my family especially my mother, father, husband and my dear son for their help and continuous encouragement during the course of this study. Introduction Introduction Introduction The plant kingdom includes many medicinally useful plants. For a long time, they were considered as an essential source of many drugs for treatment of different human diseases. Despite of the great advances in synthetic drugs, their adverse side effects directed researchers' eyes to the more safe herbal products. A large number of plants were constantly screened for their possible pharmacological activities, among which are those which belong to family Myrtaceae. The Myrtaceae (Myrtle, eucalypts, clove, or guava family) is a large family of dicotyledonous woody plants placed within the order Myrtales containing over 5,650 species organized in 130 to 150 genera. (1) Recognized as the eighth largest flowering plant family, it comprises several genera of outstanding ecological and economic relevance worldwide. The family occurs mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. It has centers of diversity in the wet tropics, particularly South America, Australia, and tropical Asia with occurrences in Africa and Europe. (1) 1 Introduction Eucalyptus L' Hér. is a large genus of family Myrtaceae. It is comprised of about 900 species and subspecies.(2) Though it is a native of Australia, it is found in almost all parts of the world due to human introduction. It is now cultivated in many tropical, sub- tropical and even sub-temperate countries.(3) Eucalyptus is generally grown for its wood, which is primarily used in making cellulose pulp and secondly for boards and panels.(2) Eucalyptus species are well- known for their essential oils that are extracted through steam or hydrodistillation. These have been widely used in the perfumery and fragrance industries, and in fact, these are among the world's top- traded oils.(4) Essential oil from Eucalyptus species was used as an antiseptic, antipyretic and analgesic since ancient times.(2) It has been reported to possess a wide range of biological activities including antimicrobial, fungicidal, insect-repellant, fumigant, pesticidal and acaricidal activity.(4) Eucalyptus leaves were used as a traditional household remedy in Australia. The leaves and oil were used specially for respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and croup, and the dried leaves were smoked like tobacco for asthma. It is also used for feverish conditions (malaria, typhoid, cholera, etc.) and skin problems such as burns, ulcers and wounds. Aqueous extracts were used for aching joints, 2 Introduction bacterial dysentery, ringworms and tuberculosis. The wood is also used for timber production in Spain (5). A diverse range of biological activities have been demonstrated by the many kinds of non-volatile secondary metabolites isolated from Eucalyptus species. Examples of their pharmacological actions include anti-oxidant, antimalarial, antibacterial, antiviral, HIV-RTase inhibition, aldose reductase inhibition and cancer chemopreventive activities. Such broad pharmacological profiles provided a stimulus to further research and it is likely that more new compounds will be isolated from an increasing number of Eucalyptus species in the future. It is likely that in the years ahead Eucalyptus metabolites other than the volatile constituents will form part of the armory of drugs available to the physician for the treatment or prevention of human diseases.(6) Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth. is a small to medium- sized tree. It is distributed from the central western slopes of New South Wales in the Wattle Flat area south to Beechworth in northern Victoria. It is notable for the thick rough bark and the mature crown of largely grey or glaucous sub-adult leaves.(7) 3 Introduction Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth. is commonly known as Silver Dollar Gum, Argyle Apple and Mealy Stingybark. This species of Eucalyptus is widely used in fresh or dried arrangements and makes a beautiful landscape specimen. It is planted single or in groups. It has distinctive blue-green aromatic foliage.(7) Reviewing the current literature few reports were found dealing with the chemical and botanical studies of Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth. Therefore, this work was performed to investigate its active constituents to find out their probable medicinal effects as well as studying the macro- and micromorphological features to help identification of the plant in entire and powdered forms. The present study includes: Part I: Botanical study: 1. Macromorphological study of the plant organs. 2. Micromorphological study of the plant organs. Part II: Phytochemical study: 1. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant organs. 4 Introduction 2. Investigation of the essential oil content of the leaves and stems. 3. Investigation of the lipid content. 4. Investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves. 5. Investigation of the chloroform:methanol (80:20) extract of the leaves. 6. Investigation of the total tannin content. Part III: Biological study: 1. Pharmacological study: i) Determination of the safety of the plant. ii) Anti-oxidant activity. iii) Anti-inflammatory activity. 2. Cytotoxic activity. 3. Antimicrobial activity. 4. Molluscicidal, larvicidal and pupicidal activities. 5 Review of Literature Review of literature Review of literature Eucalyptus, an Australian native, belongs to family Myrtaceae and represented by up to 900 species of tall, evergreen and magnificent trees cultivated world over for its oil, gum, pulp, timber and medicinal value. (2, 4) Extensive survey of literature revealed that Eucalyptus species is an important source of many pharmacologically and medicinally important chemicals, such as Essential oils, terpenoids, polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids, tannis and acylphloroglucinol compounds. Various Eucalyptus species were also studied for their various pharmacological activities like analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, Antiviral, Antitumor, antihistaminic, anticancer, cytochrome P-450 inhibition and hepatoprotective properties.(9) I. Essential oil Among the various wood and non-wood products, essential oil found in Eucalyptus foliage is the most important one. It finds extensive use in food, perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, the oil possesses a wide spectrum of biological activities viz., anti-microbial, fungicidal, insecticidal/insect repellent, herbicidal, acaricidal and nematicidal. Eucalyptus oils could be used as environmentally benign pest control against bacteria, fungi, insects, nematodes, weeds and mites. The use of Eucalyptus oil as a natural pesticide is of immense significance in view of the environmental and toxicological implications of the 6 Review of literature indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides and overcoming or reducing the problem of increasing pest resistance.(4) Singh et al., (1983) (10) studied seventeen Eucalyptus species for their oil content. Results revealed that E. citriodora Hook is a good source of citronellal and citronellol which are used in perfumery industry. Hassan (1985) (11) studied the GC/MS analysis of E. camaldulensis F. Muell., E. diversifolia Bonpl., E. ficifolia F. Muell. and E. lehmanni Preiss., and found that the four essential oils were different in composition. Franich (1985) (12) analyzed the essential oil
Recommended publications
  • Quambalaria Leaf and Shoot Blight on Eucalyptus Nitens in South Africa

    Quambalaria Leaf and Shoot Blight on Eucalyptus Nitens in South Africa

    CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/app Australasian Plant Pathology, 2006, 35, 427–433 Quambalaria leaf and shoot blight on Eucalyptus nitens in South Africa J. RouxA,B, Z. L. MthalaneA, Z. W. de BeerA, B. EisenbergA and M. J. WingfieldA ADepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme (TPCP), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. BCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Quambalaria spp. cause leaf and shoot dieback diseases on young Eucalyptus trees in Australia, Thailand, South America and South Africa. The disease was first recorded in South Africa in the early 1990s but has been restricted to nurseries in the subtropical north-east coastal area of the country, without resulting in great effect. Recent disease surveys in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa have revealed extensive shoot and leaf dieback, as well as stem cankers on 1-year-old E. nitens trees. Some symptoms of the disease resembled Quambalaria leaf and shoot blight. However, this was the first time it had occurred on the stems of larger trees, on E. nitens or in the cold temperate region of the country. The aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of the disease and to test different Eucalyptus spp. and clones of relevance to the South African forestry industry for their susceptibility to the pathogen. Comparisons of DNA sequence data for the ITS and 5.8S regions were used to identify the fungus. Results showed that the pathogen represented Q. eucalypti. Inoculation trials showed that all the material tested was susceptible to infection by Q.
  • Tree Growth Stress and Related Problems

    Tree Growth Stress and Related Problems

    J Wood Sci DOI 10.1007/s10086-017-1639-y REVIEW ARTICLE Tree growth stress and related problems 1 1 1 2 Joseph Gril • Delphine Jullien • Sandrine Bardet • Hiroyuki Yamamoto Received: 23 May 2016 / Accepted: 15 May 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Tree growth stress, resulted from the combined near future, we expect to develop plantation forests and effects of dead weight increase and cell wall maturation in utilize more wood as industrial resources; in that case, we the growing trees, fulfills biomechanical functions by need to respond to their large growth stress. Thermal enhancing the strength of growing stems and by controlling treatment is one of the possible countermeasures: green their growth orientation. Its value after new wood forma- wood heating involves the hygrothermal recovery of vis- tion, named maturation stress, can be determined by mea- coelastic locked-in growth strains and tends to counteract suring the instantaneously released strain at stem periphery. the effect of subsequent drying. Methods such as smoke Exceptional levels of longitudinal stress are reached in drying of logs are proposed to increase the processing yield reaction wood, in the form of compression in gymnosperms at a reasonable cost. or higher-than-usual tension in angiosperms, inspiring theories to explain the generation process of the maturation Keywords Mechanical stress Á Tension wood Á stress at the level of wood fiber: the synergistic action of Compression wood Á Biomechanics Á Hygrothermal compressive stress generated in the amorphous lignin– recovery hemicellulose matrix and tensile stress due to the short- ening of the crystalline cellulosic framework is a possible driving force.
  • Trees for Farm Forestry: 22 Promising Species

    Trees for Farm Forestry: 22 Promising Species

    Forestry and Forest Products Natural Heritage Trust Helping Communities Helping Australia TREES FOR FARM FORESTRY: 22 PROMISING SPECIES Forestry and Forest Products TREES FOR FARM FORESTRY: Natural Heritage 22 PROMISING SPECIES Trust Helping Communities Helping Australia A report for the RIRDC/ Land & Water Australia/ FWPRDC Joint Venture Agroforestry Program Revised and Edited by Bronwyn Clarke, Ian McLeod and Tim Vercoe March 2009 i © 2008 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 821 0 ISSN 1440-6845 Trees for Farm Forestry: 22 promising species Publication No. 09/015 Project No. CSF-56A The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication.
  • Mueller Park Address 150 Roberts Road Subiaco Lot Number 9337 Photograph (2014)

    Mueller Park Address 150 Roberts Road Subiaco Lot Number 9337 Photograph (2014)

    City of Subiaco - Heritage Place Record Name Mueller Park Address 150 Roberts Road Subiaco Lot Number 9337 Photograph (2014) Construction 1900 Date Architectural N/A Style Historical Reserve 9337, gazetted in 1904, comprises three distinct areas: Mueller Notes Park, a well-established urban park laid out in 1906-07 and the 1920s, with mature tree plantings, and recent playgrounds; Kitchener Park, a grassed area used for car parking with a small number of mature trees; Subiaco Oval, more recently named Patersons Stadium, a football oval with associated facilities and spectator stands, and Subiaco Oval Gates (Register of Heritage Places, RHP 5478). In the Documentary Evidence the name that pertained at each period is used. An early plan of Subiaco shows Subiaco and Mueller Roads (the latter named in honour of Ferdinand Jakob Heinrich von Mueller (1825-1896), inaugural director of Melbourne Botanic Gardens (1857-73), and Australia’s pre-eminent botanist) with the part of Reserve 591A that later became Mueller Park. During the 1890s gold boom, lack of May 2021 Page 1 City of Subiaco - Heritage Place Record accommodation in the metropolitan area for people heading to the goldfields saw many camping out, raising sanitary concerns. In 1896, men at ‘Subiaco Commonage’ (as the area of Perth Commonage, Reserve 591A, west of Thomas Street, was commonly known) protested against a notice to quit the area and unsuccessfully asked for it to be declared a camping ground. Perth City Council cleared a large number of tents from the area on numerous occasions. In July 1897, the Subiaco Council asked Perth Council to continue Townshend and Hamilton Roads through the Commonage to Subiaco Road, and both these roads and Coghlan Road were made by the early 1900s.
  • The Pharmacological and Therapeutic Importance of Eucalyptus Species Grown in Iraq

    The Pharmacological and Therapeutic Importance of Eucalyptus Species Grown in Iraq

    IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy www.iosrphr.org (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 7, Issue 3 Version.1 (March 2017), PP. 72-91 The pharmacological and therapeutic importance of Eucalyptus species grown in Iraq Prof Dr Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq Abstract:- Eucalyptus species grown in Iraq were included Eucalyptus bicolor (Syn: Eucalyptus largiflorens), Eucalyptus griffithsii, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Syn: Eucalyptus rostrata) Eucalyptus incrassate, Eucalyptus torquata and Eucalyptus microtheca (Syn: Eucalyptus coolabahs). Eucalypts contained volatile oils which occurred in many parts of the plant, depending on the species, but in the leaves that oils were most plentiful. The main constituent of the volatile oil derived from fresh leaves of Eucalyptus species was 1,8-cineole. The reported content of 1,8-cineole varies for 54-95%. The most common constituents co-occurring with 1,8- cineole were limonene, α-terpineol, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, globulol and α , β and ϒ-eudesmol, and aromatic constituents. The pharmacological studies revealed that Eucalypts possessed gastrointestinal, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, insecticidal, repellent, oral and dental, dermatological, nasal and many other effects. The current review highlights the chemical constituents and pharmacological and therapeutic activities of Eucalyptus species grown in Iraq. Keywords: Eucalyptus species, constituents, pharmacological, therapeutic I. INTRODUCTION: In the last few decades there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. It is getting popularized in developing and developed countries owing to its natural origin and lesser side effects. Plants are a valuable source of a wide range of secondary metabolites, which are used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavours, fragrances, colours, biopesticides and food additives [1-50].
  • ESTIMATIVA DE SEQUESTRO DE CARBONO EM ÁREAS DE REFLORESTAMENTO UTILIZANDO Eucalyptus Saligna, SMITH (MYRTALES: MYRTACEAE) NA CIDADE DE OURINHOS - SP

    ESTIMATIVA DE SEQUESTRO DE CARBONO EM ÁREAS DE REFLORESTAMENTO UTILIZANDO Eucalyptus Saligna, SMITH (MYRTALES: MYRTACEAE) NA CIDADE DE OURINHOS - SP

    1 ESTIMATIVA DE SEQUESTRO DE CARBONO EM ÁREAS DE REFLORESTAMENTO UTILIZANDO Eucalyptus saligna, SMITH (MYRTALES: MYRTACEAE) NA CIDADE DE OURINHOS - SP ESTIMATIVE FROM CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN AREAS OF REFORESTATION USING Eucalyptus saligna, SMITH (MYRTALES: MYRTACEAE) ON OURINHOS CITY - SP 1NASCIMENTO, G.M.L.; 2OLIVEIRA, M.R.; 2SILVA, A.L.G. 3FRANCISCO, O. 1Especialista em Gestão Ambiental formado pelas Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos / FEMM 2Graduada em Ciências Biológicas pelas Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos / FEMM 3Professor Doutor do Departamento de Pós Graduação das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos / FEMM RESUMO Um dos grande problemas da atualidade moderna é como manter os níveis de desenvolvimento mundial minimizando as agressões à natureza, onde a principal questão levantada através de diversos encontros internacionais ao longo das três últimas décadas é o aquecimento global devido à ação antrópica, sendo que graças à mecanismos criados no Protocolo de Kyoto foi possível extrapolar os benefícios do reflorestamento e, após efetuar o levantamento da área destinadas a tais fins na cidade objeto deste estudo pela da quantificação de árvores plantadas por hectares e estimando a quantidade de carbono que cada árvore de Eucalyptus saligna Smith (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) absorve em seu ciclo natural, estima-se que mediante o quadro demonstrado, a taxa de carbono retirado da atmosfera nas áreas de reflorestamento nesta cidade, com árvores atualmente com 05 anos de idade, ao final de seu sexto ano, seja de 133.320 kg de carbono por hectare, somando aproximadamente 37.330 toneladas em seu total, o que equivale à liberação de 15.554 automóveis com motor de 1.000 cilindradas, suficiente para sanar cerca de 34,5% da frota municipal de Ourinhos-SP.
  • Eucalyptus Species for Taranaki

    Eucalyptus Species for Taranaki

    Eucalyptus Species for Taranaki 14 Introduction conditions. Especially suited to saline winds. This This information sheet follows on from the information species holds its form, mills extremely well at a young sheet, ‘Eucalyptus’ (No.13), which discusses general age, and is largely unaffected by pests and diseases. management issues such as siting, selecting tree stocks, Eucalyptus nitens shining gum E. nitens is more tolerant planting regimes, silviculture, establishment, weed to wet sites and is suited to planting in all damper sites control, planting technique, fertiliser requirements, and that E. fraxinoides won't tolerate, for example, low lying pest and disease control. damper areas along streambanks and on hillsites affected by springs. It is also equally suited to drier As no one species of eucalypt will thrive over the range 'fraxinoides' sites. Generally, E. nitens is suited to of sites in a similar manner to Pinus radiata, selecting the planting in soils that are a bit damper than pine will most suitable species for a particular site is of critical tolerate. Furthermore, the tree has good form, a fast importance. Species selection is just as important, if not growth rate, and is resistant to cold. It has a good more, than issues associated with their subsequent reputation for milling and exceptional peeling management. properties (better than radiata pine), although more trial work on drying properties is required. E. nitens A lack of objective, accessible, practical local knowledge used to be affected by the paropsis tortoise beetle and experience of eucalypt growing in Taranaki makes (Paropsis charybdis), but since that beetle has been it difficult for people seeking advice on correct species controlled, the species is largely free of pest and disease to plant.
  • Seasonal Variation of Fixed and Volatile Oil Percentage of Four Eucalyptus Spp

    Seasonal Variation of Fixed and Volatile Oil Percentage of Four Eucalyptus Spp

    African Journal of Plant Science Vol. 5 (6), pp. 353-359, June 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajps ISSN 1996-0824 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Seasonal variation of fixed and volatile oil percentage of four Eucalyptus spp. related to lamina anatomy Kh. S. Emara 1 and A. Emad Shalaby 2* 1Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, 12613. 2Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, 12613. Accepted 30 April, 2011 This experiment was conducted during the four seasons: Spring, summer, autumn and winter of two successive annual cycles; 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 (starting from May 2008). Four Eucalyptus species were under investigation; Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Bentham, Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Seasonal variations in the amount of fixed and volatile oils in Eucalyptus spp. matured leaves were investigated. It was determined that the amount of total lipids and essential oils significantly varied by the seasons (P < 0.01). The amount of total lipids in Eucalyptus spp. reached its peak mostly in spring. But the amounts of essential oils in different species were determined to be higher in summer, autumn and spring seasons, than in winter. Furthermore, the amount of total lipids and essential oils was higher in E. camaldulensis and E. cinerea than in other species. The anatomical investigation in the four studied Eucalyptus species, in relation to lipids percentage indicated that, the best lipids percentage amounts in this study were exhibited in E. cinerea and E. camaldulensis, for spring and winter; and were in agreement with these species highest lamina thickness.
  • Unearthing Belowground Bud Banks in Fire-Prone Ecosystems

    Unearthing Belowground Bud Banks in Fire-Prone Ecosystems

    Unearthing belowground bud banks in fire-prone ecosystems 1 2 3 Author for correspondence: Juli G. Pausas , Byron B. Lamont , Susana Paula , Beatriz Appezzato-da- Juli G. Pausas 4 5 Glo'ria and Alessandra Fidelis Tel: +34 963 424124 1CIDE-CSIC, C. Naquera Km 4.5, Montcada, Valencia 46113, Spain; 2Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin Email [email protected] University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; 3ICAEV, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; 4Depto Ci^encias Biologicas,' Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av P'adua Dias 11., CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; 5Instituto de Bioci^encias, Vegetation Ecology Lab, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil Summary To be published in New Phytologist (2018) Despite long-time awareness of the importance of the location of buds in plant biology, research doi: 10.1111/nph.14982 on belowground bud banks has been scant. Terms such as lignotuber, xylopodium and sobole, all referring to belowground bud-bearing structures, are used inconsistently in the literature. Key words: bud bank, fire-prone ecosystems, Because soil efficiently insulates meristems from the heat of fire, concealing buds below ground lignotuber, resprouting, rhizome, xylopodium. provides fitness benefits in fire-prone ecosystems. Thus, in these ecosystems, there is a remarkable diversity of bud-bearing structures. There are at least six locations where belowground buds are stored: roots, root crown, rhizomes, woody burls, fleshy
  • A Regional Examination of the Mistletoe Host Species Inventory

    A Regional Examination of the Mistletoe Host Species Inventory

    354 Cunninghamia 8(3): 2004 Downey, Examination of the mistletoe host inventory A regional examination of the mistletoe host species inventory Paul Owen Downey Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, AUSTRALIA. Present Address Institute of Conservation Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 AUSTRALIA. [email protected] Abstract: Downey (1998) collated an inventory of mistletoe host species based on herbaria records for every aerial mistletoe species (families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) in Australia. In this paper the representative nature of those host lists is examined in an extensive field survey of mistletoes and their host species in south-eastern New South Wales (including Australian Capital Territory). Four new host species not in the 1998 inventory, and eight new mistletoe-host combinations (i.e. a previously recorded host but not for that particular mistletoe species) were collected. These new records were distributed throughout the survey area. Interestingly, these new host-mistletoe combinations were for mistletoe species that were well represented in the national inventory (i.e. with many herbarium collections and numerous host species). The initial inventory was incomplete, at least for south-eastern New South Wales, indicating the need for (i) more targeted surveys similar to this one, and/or (ii) regular updates of the host inventory based on voucher specimens. A possible reasons why information on host-mistletoe combinations is incomplete may be that such combinations may be dynamic (i.e. mistletoe species may be expanding their suite of potential hosts, either fortuitously or as result of evolutionary pressures).
  • The Biological Survey of the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia the Biological Survey of the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia

    The Biological Survey of the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia the Biological Survey of the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia

    THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE EASTERN GOLDFIELDS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE EASTERN GOLDFIELDS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA Part I INTRODUCTION AND METHODS by Biological Surveys Committee Western Australia 1984 Front Cover Landsat image of south western sector of the Eastern Goldfields in the region south of Southern Cross. Wheatfields occupy the western portion. Courtesy Lands and Survey Department. © Western Australian Museum, 1984 ISSBN: 0 7244 9970 9 PT 1: 0724499717 PT 2: 0 7244 9972 5 Published by the Western Australian Museum, Frands Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000. Printed in Western Australia by Advance Press Pty Ltd. BioI. Survey of the E. Goldfields of W.A. Pt. 1. Intra. CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction . Objectives................. .. 6 Aims 7 Methods 9 Design 9 Vegetation and Floristics 10 Vertebrate animals 11 Acknowledgements 15 References 15 BioI. Survey of the E. Goldfields of W.A. Pt. 1. Intro. Abstract This part is the first in a series that will describe the biological survey of the Eastern Goldfields District of Western Australia. It deals specifically with the background, aims and objectives of the survey and outlines the methods used to document vegetation, soils, flora and verteprate fauna at numerous sample sites representative of this heterogeneous region. The Eastern Goldfields District (266,000 km') was selected for survey for the following reasons because: there had been no previous detailed survey of the biota of the District, which is a region of considerable interest in that it lies between the mesic South West and arid Eremaean regions; extensive areas of vegetation have remained relatively unmodified since European settlement; the need to evaluate the adequacy of existing conservation reserve systems; pressure to release more land for clearing for cereal crops in south-western and southern parts of the district.
  • ISSN 0104-7760 V.25 N.2 2019 CERNE

    ISSN 0104-7760 V.25 N.2 2019 CERNE

    ISSN 0104-7760 v.25 n.2 2019 CERNE Kaouther Mechergui1, Wahbi Jaouadi1,2+, Souheila Naghmouchi3, Moodi Alsubeie4, Mohamed Larbi Khouja1a MICROMORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF EUCALYPTUS SEEDS, MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSES AND MODELING OF THEIR GERMINATION UNDER SALT STRESS AND OSMOTIC CONSTRAINT MECHERGUI, K.; JAOUADI,W..; NAGHMOUCHI S.; ALSUBEIE, M.; KHOUJA, M. L. Micromorphological observation of Eucalyptus seeds, multivariate statistical analyses and modeling of their germination under salt stress and osmotic constraint. CERNE, v. 25, n. 2, p.156-171, 2019. HIGHLIGHTS Keywords: Eucalyptus is a very important reforestation species in Tunisia, it is from North to South of Eucalyptus the country. Seeds morphology trait Salt stress Micromorphological characters provide basis for classification and delimitation of genus Osmotic potentials Eucalyptus. Principal component analysis Modeling Micromorphological features study of seeds of 19 species of eucalyptus reforested in Tunisia facilitated the identification of these species. The hybrid E. gomphocephala x E. cornuta was more tolerant to salt stress and osmotic potential than the others Eucalyptus species studied. ABSTRACT Historic: Micromorphological characters including surface, length and width of seeds were recorded for Received 27/03/2019 19 species of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) using stereomicroscope to determine the importance of Accepted 22/05/2019 seed morphological characters as an additional tool for identification.With the aim of selecting and valorizing abiotic-stress-tolerant species with landscape and industrial values and would be a potential solution for valorizing dry arid area and development of land degradation, we launched the assessment of the performance of five Eucalyptus species E.( torquata, E. sargenti, E. gillii, E. gomphocephala x E. cornuta and E.