DOCSLIB.ORG

Geographic Specificity Indigenous Peoples

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geographic Specificity Indigenous Peoples 1/05/2017 Te Arawa is the vessel that my ancestors voyaged upon 37th Annual Conference of the International Association for Impact Assessment Le Centre Sheraton Montréal Hôtel, Montréal, Canada Ngāti Pikiao are the descendents, the people I belong to 4‐7 April 2017 Matawhaura is our sacred mountain Session: Impact assessment, climate change, and lasting community wellbeing 11am Wednesday 5 April Te Roto ikite ai e Ihenga are our waters Title: Anticipatory adaptation and the Mauri Model Te Rangiunuora is our eponymous ancestral bond Te Puna Whakareia A Rākeiao is our gathering place Dr Kēpa Morgan BE, MBA, PhD, FIPENZ, LMSPPEEx General Manager, Ngāti Mākino Iwi Authority Acknowledgement and Salutations to you all. Anticipatory Adaptation Challenge Geographic Specificity Indigenous Peoples (Durie, 2005) The majority of anticipatory adaptation frameworks applied in developed nations idealize institutional and • Unity with the environment (holistic ontology) cultural readiness for their successful deployment. • Geographic relationship of belonging Anticipatory Adaptation in Marginalized Communities Within Developed Countries • Endurance over many generations (time) Boyle and Dowlatabadi 2011 • Development of a distinctive culture (identity) • System of knowledge Anticipatory Climate Change Adaptation is difficult • A unique language because CC is a global phenomenon, it is realised over • Epitomise Sustainability generations, and requires detailed ways of knowing that are geographically specific. Strategic responses are The enduring relationship that Indigenous Peoples have Legacy decisions (irreversible with longterm implications) with their territories and their ecosystems of origin 1 1/05/2017 Ways of knowing: Waitangi Tribunal pre 1990 Motunui Kaituna Manukau Rangataua Year 1983 Wai6 1984 Wai4 1985 Wai8 1990 Wai3 Claimant Te Ati Awa Ngati Pikiao Ngati Te Ata Tauranga Cmte Rohe Tai Hauauru Waiariki Manukau Tauranga Claim Pollution of reefs Pollution of river; Pollution of Potential pollution pollution of lake harbour: access of Welcome Bay Issue Petrochemical Diversion of Construction of Housing corp industry; Motunui sewage from sewage ponds, development; outfall impact on Rotorua to Kaituna airport, motorway; water right for kaimoana impact on lake use impact kaimoana sewage discharge Objection Impact on food Impact on food Impact on food Impact on food sources; cultural sources; cultural sources; cultural sources; cultural offence offence offence offence Outcome Motunui outfall $12M Scheme Harbour mgmt Sewage discharge abandonedIMPACTSabandoned; ON Land MAURIplan; Kaitiaki plan and water based sewage Removal of ponds; right abandoned disposal Beach remediation THE ATTRACTIVE FORCE BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL MAURI: a way of understanding the life supporting AND META‐PHYSICAL THAT FACILITATES ALL LIFE capacity of water, land, an Iwi, or ecosystem. Mauri Model Decision Making Framework •Four Mauri •Informs Dimensions Indicator Selection Mākino Quantification Model of Worldview Trends for Mauri Meter Dimensions • Assess • Threshold options Definition for Indicators 2 1/05/2017 No Change Tipping Points No Change Sustainability 0 0 Diminishing Enhancing Diminishing Enhancing -1 +1 -+ Mauri heke Mauri piki Mauri heke Mauri piki Exhausted Fully Restored -2 +2 Mauri noho / moe Mauri tuturu / ora Community-Based Observing Systems Ngāti Mākino Iwi Authority are proud to host our International Guest Presenters: Dr. Lilian Na’ia Alessa, International Liaison and Program Lead CBONS-SA, And Dr. Anaru Kliskey, Co-Director, Center for Resilient Communities CBONS are our people recording the character of our moana and whenua so we can understand and show how change is happening in our rohe. 3 1/05/2017 How can Impact Assessment help? Mission and Vision Integrate climate change mitigation and Kia aho matuahia te taketake – Kia tūwaerea e tau a Mākino adaptation considerations with attention to other factors affecting lasting community wellbeing; When intellect evolves to intuition and Knowledge becomes to wisdom Encourage development of climate change mitigation and adaptation plans and projects that And eventually realising our Vision: contribute to lasting community wellbeing. Ngāti Mākino determining our own future as kaitiaki of our culture, our families, and our ecosystem of origin. Listen and Empower the Indigenous Peoples The Aashukan Declaration Ngā mihi! Tēnā Koutou, Tēnā Koutou, Tēnā Koutou Kātoa! 4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Iwi / Hapū Rights and Interests in Fresh Water: Recognition Work-Stream: Research Report
    IWI / HAPŪ RIGHTS AND INTERESTS IN FRESH WATER: RECOGNITION WORK-STREAM: RESEARCH REPORT CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 4 Possible outcomes and mechanisms for effective rights recognition ............................................... 5 Alternative forms of iwi relationship to freshwater bodies ............................................................. 6 Iwi, hapū and whānau as kaitiaki and decision-makers for particular waterbodies in their rohe and/or areas of responsibility ...................................................................................................... 6 Iwi/hapū access to fresh water for marae, papakainga and mahinga kai ...................................... 7 Additional outcomes / directions .................................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION, PURPOSE AND SCOPE ..................................................................................... 10 PART ONE: IWI / HAPŪ / WHĀNAU RELATIONSHIPS WITH FRESHWATER AND PARTICULAR FRESHWATER BODIES ................................................................................................................. 12 Tikanga Taiao: The Māori View of the Environment ...................................................................... 13 Tikanga Wai: The Māori View of Freshwater................................................................................. 14 Identity and Freshwater ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Te Pai Tawhiti: Exploring the Horizons of Māori Economic Performance Through Effective Collaboration
    Te Pai Tawhiti: Exploring the Horizons of Māori Economic Performance through Effective Collaboration Final Report 2016 Te Pai Tawhiti: Exploring the Horizons of Māori Economic Performance through Effective Collaboration Prepared by Dr Robert Joseph ArapetaFinal Tahana Report Jonathan Kilgour2016 Dr Jason Mika Te Mata Hautū Taketake GHA Pare Consulting GHA University of Waikato MylenePrepared Rakena by Te Puritanga Jefferies UniversityDr Robert of JosephWaikato GHAArapeta Tahana Jonathan Kilgour Dr Jason Mika Te Mata Hautū Taketake GHA Pare Consulting GHA PreparedUniversity for of Waikato Ngā Pae o Te Māramatanga Mylene Rakena Te Puritanga Jefferies 2016 University of Waikato GHA Prepared for Ngā Pae o Te Māramatanga Research Partners 2016 Research Partners Ngāti Pikiao iwi and hapū Ngāti Pikiao iwi and hapū Above Illustration The above illustration is a view of Lake Rotoehu, looking at the Ngāti Pikiao maunga Matawhaura. Most Ngāti Pikiao people view Matawhaura from Lake Rotoiti. Viewing Matawhaura from a different perspective to what Ngāti Pikiao are used to offers a valuable analogy of viewing what Ngāti Pikiao have from a different perspective which aligns with the theses of this report. CONTENTS DIAGRAMS, TABLES, MAPS & GRAPHS .................................................................................. 7 HE MIHI ................................................................................................................................. 8 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ka Pu Te Ruha, Ka Hao Te Rangatahi Annual Report 2020 Nga Rarangi Take
    Nga Rarangi Take Ka Pu Te Ruha, Ka Hao Te Rangatahi Annual Report 2020 Nga Rarangi Take Ka Pu Te Ruha, Ka Hao Te Rangatahi When the old net is cast aside, the new net goes fishing, our new strategy remains founded on our vision. Nga Rarangi Take CONTENTS Nga Rarangi Take Introduction/Snapshot 4 Te Arawa 500 scholarships 26 Highlights - 2020 5 Iwi Partnership Grants Programme 27 Your Te Arawa Fisheries 6 Te Arawa Mahi 28 Our Mission/Vision 8 INDIGI-X 29 Message form the Chair 9 Looking to the Future 30 CEO’s Report 10 Research and Development 31 COVID-19 11 Smart Māori Aquaculture Ngā Iwi i Te Rohe o Te Waiariki 32 Rotorua Business Awards Finalist 12 Ka Pu Te Ruha, Ka Hao te Rangatahi Taking our Strategy to the next level 14 Te Arawa Fisheries Climate Change Strategy 34 Governance Development 16 Aka Rākau Strategic Partnerships and Investing for the Future 18 Te Arawa Carbon Forestry Offset Programme 36 Te Arawa Fresh - What Lies Beneath 20 Te Arawa Fresh Online 21 APPENDIX 1: T500 Recipients 38 Our People 22 APPENDIX 2: 2019-2020 Pataka Kai Recipients 40 Our Team 22 APPENDIX 3: AGM Minutes of the Meeting for Te Arawa Fisheries 42 Diversity Report 24 Financial Report 2020 45 Our board of trustees: from left to right. Tangihaere MacFarlane (Ngati Rangiwewehi), Christopher Clarke (Ngati Rangitihi), Blanche Reweti (Ngati Tahu/Whaoa), Dr Kenneth Kennedy (Ngati Rangiteaorere), back Willie Emery (Ngati Pikiao), in front of Dr Ken Roku Mihinui (Tuhourangi), Paeraro Awhimate (Ngati makino), in front Pauline Tangohau (Te Ure o Uenukukopako), behind Punohu McCausland (Waitaha), Tere Malcolm (Tarawhai) Nga Rarangi Take Introduction/Snapshot Timatanga Korero e Kotahitanga o Te Arawa Waka Fisheries Trust Board was legally established on T19 December 1995 by a deed of trust.
    [Show full text]
  • Recognising Rangatiratanga: Sharing Power with Māori Through Co-Management
    RECOGNISING RANGATIRATANGA: SHARING POWER WITH MĀORI THROUGH CO-MANAGEMENT Samuel George Wevers A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Laws (Honours) Faculty of Law University of Otago 2011 To the memory of my great-great grandfather William Rolleston Minister of Native Affairs and Minister of Justice 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my most sincere thanks to the following: Professor John Dawson, for his patience and insight My family, each of whom have inspired me in their own way Max Harris, Henry Clayton and SJR Sutton, for their help Hamuera Orupe McLeod (Joe), who unknowingly sparked my interest in these matters 3 Glossary of Māori Terms Hapū Extended family group; sub-tribe Iwi Tribe Kaitiaki Guardian Kaitiakitanga Guardianship Kāwanatanga Governance Mana whakahaere Power to manage Mātauranga Māori science and knowledge Tangata whenua Māori people with customary authority in a particular area; people of the land Tangihanga Funeral ceremony Taonga Treasured thing; valued things and resources Tikanga Māori custom or law Tino rangatiratanga Māori constitutional authority; tribal self-government 4 Table of Contents Glossary of Māori Terms ........................................................................................................ 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 6 Part One .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ngati Pikiao Lands: Loss of Tribal Ownership and Control
    NGATI PIKIAO LANDS: LOSS OF TRIBAL OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL Alan Ward Newcastle, N.S.W 21 October 2001 A report for the Waitangi Tribunal Synopsis In customary Maori society, different kinds of land rights were held at different levels of the society - individual, whanau, hapu, and iwi. The advent of the commercial economy led Maori to seek clearer definition oftheir rights, at each of those levels, as do modern South Pacific societies. But there was no widespread demand among Maori to abrogate totally the 'tribal' level- certainly not among Ngati Pikiao. British and colonial govemments, however, purported to transmute the allegedly communal 'tribal' rights into individual rights, through the operation of the Native Land Acts. In fact, they elevated customary individual use rights into the right of each individual to severally alienate his or her interests in the new titles, while rarely facilitating the development of individual farms on the ground. In reaction against the debilitating effect of this process, Maori, for more than a century, have demanded a restoration of 'tribal' authority over the land. This would appear to be in contradiction to the trend in other South Pacific societies, where the drive for individual or family enterprises is strong. In fact, however, most South Pacific societies are opposed to widespread 'land registration' or 'conversion' or 'titling'ofcustomary tenure. Instead, there is a great deal of infOlmal demarcation of individual and family farms, internal migration of small groups, and informal trading in land rights to accommodate these trends. Formalisation of the arrangements is sometimes sought to accommodate internal migration, especially to the towns, but still with limited modification of customary tenure.
    [Show full text]
  • Ngāti Mākino Heritage Trust
    NGĀTI MĀKINO HERITAGE TRUST REGION-WIDE WATER QUALITY – PROPOSED PC9 TO BOP REGIONAL WATER AND LAND PLAN Dr Kēpa Morgan FEngNZ Kaiwhakahaere Matua / General Manager RARANGA TAKE 1. Ngāti Mākino Heritage Trust Priorities 1. Ngāti Mākino Rohe Map 2. Ngā Kuha O Mākino 3. Waitahanui 4. Otamarakau Marae 2. Relevance of Earlier Mahi 1. NMHT v. BoPRC (2014) NZEnvC25 3. Challenges 1. Inconsistent Basis for Decision Making 4. Outcome Sought 1. Adopt a culturally competent and Iwi inclusive approach to this challenge. Matawhaura te maunga, Rotoehu te moana, Whakahau te tangata Mākino te iwi, he taniwha ngā tangata, he paruparu ngā kai. Kia aho matuahia te taketake – Kia tuwaerea te tau, a Mākino. Ngāti Mākino Rohe Rotoehu me Matawhaura Ngā Kuha O Mākino Waitahanui Otari Pa Moutoroi Pa Moutoroi nohonga Nga Kuha o Makino Rotoehu West Redress Land (A) (NTST Rotoehu Ecological Reserve 3 1-0 Te Porotai o Waitaha a Hei 1-05 Kohanga Rotoehu West Rakau o 1-02 Block Redress Land (B) Kauwae Hapa (NTST 1-0 1 1-04 Nohonga site Waitahanui In Ngāti Mākino Heritage Trust v Bay of Plenty Regional Council [2014] NZEnvC 25 the Court notes “there is no dispute that Waitahanui represents the key tāonga of the Ngāti Mākino iwi and their hapu”. Otamarakau Marae 'the relationship between Mā ori and their tāonga "exists beyond mere ownership, use, or exclusive possession; it concerns personal and tribal identity, Māori authority and control, and the right to continuous access, subject to Māori cultural preferences" Ngāti Mākino Heritage Trust v. Bay of Plenty Regional Council 2014 NZEnvC 25 Inconsistent Basis for Analysis & Decision Making Inconsistent Basis for Analysis & Decision Making 2015 Allocation Status Surface Water Inconsistent Basis for Analysis & Decision Making Kia aho matuahia te taketake – Kia tuwaerea te tau, a Mākino.
    [Show full text]
  • Relations Between Ngati Makino and Other Hapu of Ngati Pikiao In
    OFFICIAL RESEARCH REPORT RELATIONS BETWEEN NGATI MAKINO AND OTHER HAPU OF NGATI PIKIAO IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Tom Bennion April 1996 CONTENTS Page Summary 2 Maps of the Rotoiti block 4-5 Preface 5 Introduction 5 The choice of the Rotoiti case 7 Approach to the minute books 7 Overview of the case 12 The nature of Ngati Makino 14 Preliminary meetings concerning the Rotoiti and Otamarakau blocks 18 The ancestral IItakell advanced 25 Evidence of resource use 32 Burials 34 The final--process of putting Ngati Makino into the block 36 Conclusions 38 Ngati Makino - Ngati Pikiao report 2 Summary This report looks at the relationship between Ngati Makino and other hapu of Ngati Pikiao as evidenced in proceedings before the Native Land Court in the last century. The major question which it seeks to answer is: whether or not most of Ngati Makino's traditional land interests were confined to the Waitahanui and Tahunaroa subdivisions of the great Otamarakau block, so that, after the sale of those subdivisions, Ngati Makino were deprived of a substantial part of their hapu endowment, in contrast to other hapu of Ngati Pikiao. A former officer of the Maori Land Court in Rotorua, Harris Martin, has looked for prominent Ngati Makino names appearing in applicatiohs before the court, and in the final lists of owners produced by the court. His findings show that, unquestionably, names of persons identifying as Ngati Makino did appear in ownership lists for several blocks inland of Otamarakau, and that they retained ownership of their interests for many years after the sale of the Otamarakau block.
    [Show full text]
  • Ngā Ringa Raupā O Pikiao: Waiariki Agricultural Collaboration
    Report Ngà Ringa Raupà o Pikiao Waiariki Agricultural Collaboration Neville King, Rangimarie Hunia and Leah Fitzpatrick Authors Neville King, Rangimarie Hunia and Leah Fitzpatrick Project team Neville King, Olive Jonas, Stephen Carr, Rangimarie Hunia, Leah Fitzpatrick, Tony Whata, Laurence Tamati, Morris Meha, Barry Ogilvie and Putu Mihaka Publishers Ako Aotearoa – The National Centre for Tertiary Teaching Excellence PO Box 756 Wellington 6140 www.akoaotearoa.ac.nz Published September 2015 ISBN (online) 978-1-927202-84-5 http://akoaotearoa.ac.nz/projects/waiariki-agricultural-collaboration This work is published under the Creative Commons 3.0 New Zealand Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike Licence (BY-NC-SA). Under this licence you are free to copy, distribute, display and perform the work as well as to remix, tweak and build upon this work non-commercially, as long as you credit the author/s and license your new creations under the identical terms. i Ngā Ringa Raupā o Pikiao – Waiariki Agricultural Collaboration Mihi Ka raranga ngā hau ki te muri Ka raranga ngā hau ki te tonga Ka whakapuke ngā ngaru ki te ngarue ki te heru ngā pōtiki o Hinehopu ki te matarae i -ō -rehu Whano whano haere mai te toki Haumi e! Hui e! Tāiki e! E te tī, e te tā, e ngā ihu oneone o tō tātou kaupapa hirahira nei, tēnā koutou. Nei rā te mihi whakamahana ki a tātou katoa i roto i te wā o Raumati. Me te aha anō, e kohae ana mai a Matariki i tōna pae, e kohae ana hoki ngā Pūmanawa e waru o Te Arawa mō ngā tōtara haemata i hinga mai nei ki roto i a mātou o Te Waiariki.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Meeting Report 2009
    Te Arawa Fisheries Annual Meeting Report 2009 Te Kotahitanga o Te Arawa Waka Fisheries Trust Board Te Arawa Fisheries Limited Te Arawa Fisheries Holding Company DIRECTORY Registered Office 1192 Haupapa Street Rotorua Postal Address P O Box 1896 Rotorua 3010 Telephone +64 7 349 3227 Facsimile +64 7 347 6876 Email [email protected] Website www.tearawafisheries.maori.nz Auditor KPMG Bankers Westpac Banking Corporation Solicitors Bell Gully TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from the Chair ................................................................................................ 2 General Manager’s Report ............................................................................................ 3 Part 1: Group Overview ................................................................................................ 5 Our Trust ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Our Staff .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Our Beneficiaries ................................................................................................................................. 6 Our Committees .................................................................................................................................. 6 Our Companies ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Meeting Report 2019 OUR ORIGINS
    Annual Meeting Report 2019 OUR ORIGINS The Te Arawa people of the Bay of Plenty are the offspring of Puhaorangi, a celestial being who descended with the beautiful maiden Te Kuraimonoa, begat the revered ancestor Ohomairangi. Ohomairangi lived in the Polynesian homeland known as Hawaiki. His people became known as Ngati Ohomairangi and lived in the village of Maketu. His son, Atuamatua had six sons Tia, Hei, Rakauri, Houmaitawhiti, Oro and Maaka who became the leading family group of Ngati Ohomairangi. 2 DIRECTORY Registered Office 1204 Whakaue Street Level 1, Lakesyde Business Centre Rotorua Postal Address P O Box 1896 Rotorua 3010 Telephone +64 7 349 3227 Facsimile +64 7 347 6876 Email [email protected] Website www.tearawafisheries.maori.nz Auditor Cookson Forbes & Associates Bankers Westpac Banking Corporation Solicitors Kahui Legal Annual Report for: Te Kotahitanga o Te Arawa Waka Fisheries Trust Board Te Arawa Fisheries Limited Te Arawa Fisheries Holding Company Limited Annual General Meeting 23 September 2020 Tarimano Marae 6.00pm Te Arawa Fisheries | Annual Report 2019 3 ARRIVAL On entering the Kaituna estuary beside Okurei, the bow of the Te Arawa canoe was tethered to a large rock, Tokaparore and to an anchor rock called Tuterangiharuru, which held her fast in the current of the Kaituna River. The tohunga Ngatoroirangi was the first to step off, conducting rituals beneath a pohutukawa tree in full bloom. Today this site is remembered as Ongatoro, and commemorated by a monument built in 1940. A pa established on the Okurei headland close to the moored canoe was named Maketu, after their home village on Rangiatea, in Hawaiki.
    [Show full text]
  • Komiti Māori
    Komiti Māori NOTICE IS GIVEN that the next meeting of Komiti Māori will be held at Wairuru Marae, 9860 State Highway 35, Raukōkore, Waihau Bay on: Tuesday, 11 June 2019 commencing at 9.30 am Please note: A pōhiri/welcome will take place at 9.30 am with the meeting to start at approximately 10.30 am. Fiona McTavish Chief Executive 30 May 2019 Komiti Māori Terms of Reference The Komiti Māori has the core function of implementing and monitoring Council’s legislative obligations to Māori. Delegated Function To set operational direction for Council’s legislative obligations to Māori and monitor how these obligations are implemented. This will be achieved through the development of specific operational decisions which translate legislative obligations to Māori into action. Membership Three Māori constituency councillors and three general constituency councillors (the membership of the general constituency councillors to be rotated every two years), and the Chairman as ex-officio. Quorum In accordance with Council standing order 10.2, the quorum at a meeting of the committee is not fewer than three members of the committee. Co-Chairs to preside at meetings Notwithstanding the Komiti Māori has an appointed Chairperson, Māori Constituency Councillors may host-Chair committee meetings that are held in the rohe of their respective constituency. Term of the Committee For the period of the 2016-2019 Triennium unless discharged earlier by the Regional Council. Meeting frequency Two-monthly. Specific Responsibilities and Delegated Authority The Komiti
    [Show full text]
  • Hui-A-Iwi-Presentation.Pdf
    Agenda • Trustee elections • Next Strategic Planning session • Covid-19 vaccine planning • Structural change at Te Mana o Ngāti Rangitihi Trust • Possible activities at Tarawera • Whakaruruhau presentation Trustee Elections Cathy Dewes • A decision was made to hold Trustee elections within one year of the signing of the Deed of Settlement • We will have Trustees elected by the end of November Trustee Election Timeline RO = Returning Officer (ElectioNZ) MOJ = Ministry of Justice Next Strategic Planning Session Donna Semmens The next Strategic Planning hui will be held late May/ early June • Build on the four pou o Social o Cultural o Environmental o Economic • 5-year strategy Covid-19 Vaccine Planning Melanie Cheung Pfizer/Biontech COVID-19 Vaccinations Original Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine study, n = 43,448 • 21,720 Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine -> 8 of them got COVID-19 • 21,728 placebo injection -> 162 of them got COVID-19 • Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is 95% effective Israel Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine study, n = 1.2 million people • 596,618 Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine • 596,618 not vaccinated. Controls were matched by age, sex, ethnicity, neighbourhood, influenza vaccination history, pregnancy and co-morbidities. • Vaccine effectiveness 7 days after the second dose: 92% for documented infections, 94% for symptomatic illness, 87% for hospitalization, and 92% for severe disease. • Similar effectiveness across age groups and slightly lower effectiveness among patients with multiple coexisting conditions COVID-19 Vaccinations Is Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine safe? • Short-term, mild-to-moderate pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache and worse for younger adults.
    [Show full text]