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(EUPHORBIACEAE)I [Wood Anatomy of Sapium Haematospermum Müli. Ar

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(EUPHORBIACEAE)I [Wood Anatomy of Sapium Haematospermum Müli. Ar BALDUINIA. n. 35, p. 27-31, 30-V-2012 ESTUDO ANATÔMICO DO LENHO DE SAPIUM HAEMATOSPERMUM MÜLL. ARG (EUPHORBIACEAE)I ANELISE MARTA SIEGLOCH2 JOSÉ NEWTON CARDOSO MARCHIORP SIDINEI RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS4 RESUMO No presente estudo é descrito o lenho de Sapium haematospermum Müll. Arg., com base em material pro- cedente de São Francisco de Assis, Rio Grande do Sul. Foram observadas as seguintes características anatômicas, comuns em Euphorbioideae e gênero Sapium: anéis de crescimento pouco conspícuos; poros de diâmetro médio, pouco numerosos e em curtos múltiplos radiais; placas de perfuração simples; pontoações intervasculares grandes; parênquima apotraqueal difuso-em-agregados; e raios uni e bisseriados, heterocelulares, com cristais e lactíferos. Palavras-chave: Anatomia da madeira, Euphorbioideae, Sapium haemastospermum. ABSTRACT [Wood anatomy of Sapium haematospermum MülI. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)]. The wood anatomy of Sapium haematospermum Müll. Arg. is described, based on material colleted in the municipality of São Francisco de Assis, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The following anatomical features that are common among woods of Euphorbioideae and genus Sapium were observed: growth rings almost indistinct; few numerous medium vessels, in short radial multiples; simple perforation plates; large intervascular pits; diffuse-in-aggregates apotracheal parenchyma; and uniseriate and bisseriate heterocellular rays, with crystals and laticifers. Key words: Euphorbioideae, Sapium haematospermum, Wood anatomy. INTRODUÇÃO Gymnanthes, Stillingia e Sapium (Judd et aI., A fanu1ia Euphorbiaceae sensu stricto com- 2009) por estarem representados na flora brasi- preende as subfamílias Acalyphoideae, leira. Com cerca de 125 espécies, pantropicais Crotonoideae e Euphorbioideae (Wurdack et aI., e em sua maioria americanas (Bacigalupo, 2005), sendo que a última distingue-se por apre- 2005), o gênero Sapium apresenta duas espéci- sentar pólen tricolporado, pêlos simples e látex es nativas no Rio Grande do Sul: Sapium branco, frequentemente cáustico (Judd et aI., glandulosum (L.) Morong e Sapium 2009). haematospermum Müll. Arg. (Alvarez Filho, A subfamília Euphorbioideae contém 5 tri- 1997). bos e 54 gêneros (Wurdack et aI., 2005), salien- Sapium haematospermum, o popular curupi tando-se Hippomane, Hura, Euphorbia, ou pau-de-leite, distribui-se de Mato Grosso, Goiás e Minas Gerais ao Rio Grande do Sul I Recebido em 10-03-2012 e aceito para publicação em (Lorenzi, 1998), ocorrendo, ainda, no Paraguai, 07 -04-2012. Argentina e Uruguai (Biloni, 1990; Pompert, 2 Mestranda do Programa de Pós- Graduação em En- 1989). No Rio Grande do Sul, encontra-se no genharia Florestal, Bolsista-CAPES, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105900, Santa Maria, Planalto Médio, Depressão Central, Serra do RS, Brasil. [email protected] Sudeste e, principalmente, na Campanha do 3 Engenheiro Florestal, Dr. Bolsista de Produtividade em Sudeste, habitando, sobretudo, em solos areno- Pesquisa (CNPq-Brasil). Professor Titular do De- sos ou superficiais (Marchiori, 2000). Trata-se partamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de árvore com tronco curto, tortuoso, de casca de Santa Maria. 4 Biólogo, Dr. Departamento de Ciências Florestais, espessa e copa globosa, com raminhos amare- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. sthurt.bio- lados e folhagem salicácea, caducifólia. As fo- @gmail.com. lhas, simples, subcoriáceas e linear- lanceoladas, 27 apresentam ápice agudo, base aguda, margem detalhes para o gênero Sapium. Na primeira, são crenulada e 1-2 glândulas sésseis no pedolo relacionados raios ocasionalmente altos (100 ou (Marchiori, 2000). A madeira, branca, macia e mais células de altura), além da presença de muito susceptível a deterioração, serve para canais radiais. Na segunda, constam: vasos com caixotaria leve, lenha e carvão (Lorenzi, 1998). mais de 200 /lm de diâmetro; pontoações raio- O aspecto ornamental da árvore recomenda seu vasculares circulares, semelhantes às in- cultivo em áreas amplas, notadamente em par- tervasculares; elementos vasculares com cerca ques. de 1400 /lm de comprimento; parênquima axial Na literatura anatômica das Euphorbioideae em faixas contínuas; raios bisseriados com me- destaca-se a contribuição de Mennega (2005), nos de 1000 /lm de altura; e presença de sílica que estudou 34 gêneros e 84 espécies, abran- na madeira. gendo as cinco tribos da subfamília (Stomato- O presente trabalho, ao descrever a estrutu- calyceae, Hippomaneae, Pachystromateae, ra do lenho de Sapium haematospermum, visa Hureae e Euphorbieae). Para o conjunto da a contribuir para o conhecimento das espécies subfamília, a autora atribui uma grande seme- de Euphorbiaceae nativas no Rio Grande do Sul. lhança estrutural: poros relativamente escassos, pequenos a grandes, em curtos múltiplos radi- MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ais e racemiformes; placas de perfuração sim- O material em estudo consiste de uma amos- ples; pontoações intervasculares médias a gran- tra de madeira e respectivo material botânico, des; pontoações raio-vasculares grandes, semi- incorporados ao Herbário do Departamento de areoladas, regulares ou irregulares; parênquima Ciências Florestais (HDCF) sob n° 567, cons- apotraqueal ondulado, em faixas estreitas e em tando os seguintes dados na ficha dendrológica: agregados; raios uni e bisseriados, fortemente J.N.C. Marchiori, São Francisco de Assis, RS, heterocelulares, com exceção de Hippomane, 1981. Hura, e Pachystroma, frequentemente com cris- Para a confecção das lâminas histológicas tais e/ou sílica; fibras por vezes gelatinosas; e foram extraídos três corpos de prova (1x2x3 cm) lactíferos radiais na maioria dos gêneros, em- da parte mais externa do lenho, próxima ao câm- bora escassos e difícil detecção, pela ausência bio, orientados para obtenção de cortes nos pla- de células epiteliais. nos transversal, longitudinal radial e longitudi- Para o gênero Sapium, a mesma autora men- nal tangencial. Outro bloquinho foi também re- ciona: baixa freqüência de poros/mm2; pon- tirado, com vistas à maceração. toações intervasculares grandes; fibras com di- A confecção das lâminas histológicas seguiu âmetro de 30-40 /lm e 500-900 /lm de compri- a metodologia descrita em Burger & Richter mento, com pequenas pontoações simples ou (1991). A maceração foi realizada pelo método areoladas, geralmente restritas às faces radiais de Jeffrey (Freund, 1970). Os cortes anatômicos da parede; freqüência de raios inferior a 10/mrn; foram tingidos com acridina-vermelha, raios unisseriados com 16-20 /lm de altura; e crisoidina e azul-de-astra (Dujardin, 1964); o raios multisseriados com 30-70 /lm de altura. macerado, apenas com safranina (1%). A mon- Para Sapium haematospermum, foram observa- tagem das lâminas permanentes foi feita com dos: anéis de crescimento delimitados por fi- Entellan. bras radialmente achatadas e vasos de menor A descrição baseou-se nas recomendações diâmetro no lenho tardio; elementos vasculares do IAWA Committee (Wheeler et aI., 1989). No ovais, de 60-200 /lm (até 270 /lm) de diâmetro caso da percentagem dos tecidos, foram reali- e1060 (830-1350) /lm de comprimento. zadas 600 determinações ao acaso, com auxílio Nas obras clássicas de Record & Hess (1949) de contador de laboratório, conforme proposto e Metcalfe & Chalk (1972) constam poucos por Marchiori (1980). A abundância de poros 28 foi obtida a partir de um quadrado de área co- ± 93 (150 - 387) ~m, compostas de 2 - 4 célu- nhecida, superposto a fotomicrografias de se- las (Figura 1F). ções transversais da madeira. Raios: muito numerosos (14 ± 1,1 (12 - 15) As medições foram realjzadas em microscó- raios/mm), com 1 - 2 células de largura, ocu- pio Carl Zeiss, no Laboratório de Anatomia da pando 28 ± 4,7 % do volume da madeira (Figu- Madeira da Universidade Federal de Santa Ma- ra 1E,F). Raios um e bisseriados, de 351 ± 132 ria. Nas características quantitativas, os núme- (180 - 590) ~m e 9 (5-17) células de altura; ros entre parênteses equivalem aos valores mí- heterocelulares, reúnem células procumbentes nimos e máximos observados; o valor que acom- no corpo central e fileiras de células quadradas panha a média é o desvio padrão. As foto- e/ou eretas nas margens, frequentemente com micro grafias foram tomadas em microscópio cristais (Figura 1C,E,F). Células perfuradas de Olympus CX40, equipado com câmera digital raios e lactíferos diminutos, presentes. Raios Olympus Camedia c3000, no Laboratório de axialmente fusionados, frequentes. Raios agre- Anatomia da Madeira da Universidade Federal gados, células radiais de paredes disjuntas e do Paraná. células envolventes, ausentes. Fibras: libriformes, com pontoações simples DESCRIÇÃO ANATÔMICA mais visíveis na face ramal da parede; longas (1245 Anéis de crescimento: demarcados, fraca- ± 136 (1020 - 1500) ~m), com 24 ± 4 (17 - 35) mente, por delgada camada de fibras radialmente ~m de diâmetro, de paredes finas 3,5 ± 0,6 (2 - estreitas no lenho tardio e por vasos de maior 4,5) ~m e seção frequentemente retangular, ocu- diâmetro no início do anel seguinte (Figura pando 43,7 ± 4,7 % do volume da madeira (figu- lA,B). ra 1A,B). Fibras gelatinosas, ausentes. Fibras Vasos: poucos numerosos (7 ± 2,2 (4 -10) septadas, espessamentos espiralados e traqueídeos, poros/mm2), ocupando 10 ± 6,6 % do volume ausentes. da madeira. Porosidade difusa. Poros em múlti- Outros caracteres: variantes cambiais, célu- plos radiais de 2-5, solitários, menos frequente- las oleíferas, células mucilaginosas, estra- mente racemiformes, de seção circular a oval, tificação e máculas
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