Digital and Mobile Advertising Specs
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Exploring the .BMP File Format
Exploring the .BMP File Format Don Lancaster Synergetics, Box 809, Thatcher, AZ 85552 copyright c2003 as GuruGram #14 http://www.tinaja.com [email protected] (928) 428-4073 The .BMP image standard is used by Windows and elsewhere to represent graphics images in any of several different display and compression options. The .BMP advantages are that each pixel is usually independently available for any alteration or modification. And that repeated use does not normally degrade the image. Because lossy compression is not used. Its main disadvantage is that file sizes are usually horrendous compared to JPEG, fractal, GIF, or other lossy compression schemes. A comparison of popular image standards can be found here. I’ve long been using the .BMP format for my eBay and my other phototography, scanning, and post processing. I firmly believe that… All photography, scanning, and all image post-processing should always be done using .BMP or a similar non-lossy format. Only after all post-processing is complete should JPEG or another compressed distribution format be chosen. Some current examples of my .BMP work now do include the IMAGIMAG.PDF post-processing tutorial, the Bitmap Typewriterthat generates fully anti-aliased small fonts, the Aerial Photo Combiner, and similar utilities and tutorials found on our Fonts & Images, PostScript, and on our Acrobat library pages. A few projects of current interest involving .BMP files include true view camera swings and tilts for a digital camera, distortion correction, dodging & burning, preventing white punchthrough on knockouts, and emphasis vignetting. Mainly applied to uncompressed RGBX 24-bit color .BMP files. -
Free Lossless Image Format
FREE LOSSLESS IMAGE FORMAT Jon Sneyers and Pieter Wuille [email protected] [email protected] Cloudinary Blockstream ICIP 2016, September 26th DON’T WE HAVE ENOUGH IMAGE FORMATS ALREADY? • JPEG, PNG, GIF, WebP, JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, JPEG-LS, JBIG(2), APNG, MNG, BPG, TIFF, BMP, TGA, PCX, PBM/PGM/PPM, PAM, … • Obligatory XKCD comic: YES, BUT… • There are many kinds of images: photographs, medical images, diagrams, plots, maps, line art, paintings, comics, logos, game graphics, textures, rendered scenes, scanned documents, screenshots, … EVERYTHING SUCKS AT SOMETHING • None of the existing formats works well on all kinds of images. • JPEG / JP2 / JXR is great for photographs, but… • PNG / GIF is great for line art, but… • WebP: basically two totally different formats • Lossy WebP: somewhat better than (moz)JPEG • Lossless WebP: somewhat better than PNG • They are both .webp, but you still have to pick the format GOAL: ONE FORMAT THAT COMPRESSES ALL IMAGES WELL EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Corpus Lossless formats JPEG* (bit depth) FLIF FLIF* WebP BPG PNG PNG* JP2* JXR JLS 100% 90% interlaced PNGs, we used OptiPNG [21]. For BPG we used [4] 8 1.002 1.000 1.234 1.318 1.480 2.108 1.253 1.676 1.242 1.054 0.302 the options -m 9 -e jctvc; for WebP we used -m 6 -q [4] 16 1.017 1.000 / / 1.414 1.502 1.012 2.011 1.111 / / 100. For the other formats we used default lossless options. [5] 8 1.032 1.000 1.099 1.163 1.429 1.664 1.097 1.248 1.500 1.017 0.302� [6] 8 1.003 1.000 1.040 1.081 1.282 1.441 1.074 1.168 1.225 0.980 0.263 Figure 4 shows the results; see [22] for more details. -
What Resolution Should Your Images Be?
What Resolution Should Your Images Be? The best way to determine the optimum resolution is to think about the final use of your images. For publication you’ll need the highest resolution, for desktop printing lower, and for web or classroom use, lower still. The following table is a general guide; detailed explanations follow. Use Pixel Size Resolution Preferred Approx. File File Format Size Projected in class About 1024 pixels wide 102 DPI JPEG 300–600 K for a horizontal image; or 768 pixels high for a vertical one Web site About 400–600 pixels 72 DPI JPEG 20–200 K wide for a large image; 100–200 for a thumbnail image Printed in a book Multiply intended print 300 DPI EPS or TIFF 6–10 MB or art magazine size by resolution; e.g. an image to be printed as 6” W x 4” H would be 1800 x 1200 pixels. Printed on a Multiply intended print 200 DPI EPS or TIFF 2-3 MB laserwriter size by resolution; e.g. an image to be printed as 6” W x 4” H would be 1200 x 800 pixels. Digital Camera Photos Digital cameras have a range of preset resolutions which vary from camera to camera. Designation Resolution Max. Image size at Printable size on 300 DPI a color printer 4 Megapixels 2272 x 1704 pixels 7.5” x 5.7” 12” x 9” 3 Megapixels 2048 x 1536 pixels 6.8” x 5” 11” x 8.5” 2 Megapixels 1600 x 1200 pixels 5.3” x 4” 6” x 4” 1 Megapixel 1024 x 768 pixels 3.5” x 2.5” 5” x 3 If you can, you generally want to shoot larger than you need, then sharpen the image and reduce its size in Photoshop. -
JPEG File Interchange Format Version 1.02
JPEG File Interchange Format Version 1.02 September 1, 1992 Eric Hamilton C-Cube Microsystems 1778 McCarthy Blvd. Milpitas, CA 95035 +1 408 944-6300 Fax: +1 408 944-6314 E-mail: [email protected] JPEG File Interchange Format Version 1.02 Why a File Interchange Format JPEG File Interchange Format is a minimal file format which enables JPEG bitstreams to be exchanged between a wide variety of platforms and applications. This minimal format does not include any of the advanced features found in the TIFF JPEG specification or any application specific file format. Nor should it, for the only purpose of this simplified format is to allow the exchange of JPEG compressed images. JPEG File Interchange Format features • Uses JPEG compression • Uses JPEG interchange format compressed image representation • PC or Mac or Unix workstation compatible • Standard color space: one or three components. For three components, YCbCr (CCIR 601-256 levels) • APP0 marker used to specify Units, X pixel density, Y pixel density, thumbnail • APP0 marker also used to specify JFIF extensions • APP0 marker also used to specify application-specific information JPEG Compression Although any JPEG process is supported by the syntax of the JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF) it is strongly recommended that the JPEG baseline process be used for the purposes of file interchange. This ensures maximum compatibility with all applications supporting JPEG. JFIF conforms to the JPEG Draft International Standard (ISO DIS 10918-1). The JPEG File Interchange Format is entirely compatible with the standard JPEG interchange format; the only additional requirement is the mandatory presence of the APP0 marker right after the SOI marker. -
JPEG-Resistant Adversarial Images
JPEG-resistant Adversarial Images Richard Shin Dawn Song Computer Science Division Computer Science Division University of California, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Several papers have explored the use of JPEG compression as a defense against adversarial images [3, 2, 5]. In this work, we show that we can generate adversarial images which survive JPEG compression, by including a differentiable approxima- tion to JPEG in the target model. By ensembling multiple target models employing varying levels of compression, we generate adversarial images with up to 691× greater success rate than the baseline method on a model using JPEG as defense. 1 Introduction Image classification models has been a highly-studied domain for adversarial examples. While adversarial images generated against these models are nevertheless very close to the original image according to L1 or L2 norm, unnatural high-frequency components or random-looking dot patterns are sometimes noticeable. As such, some proposed defenses to adversarial examples involve an initial input transformation step which attempts to remove such unnatural-looking additions. In particular, several papers [3, 2, 5] have proposed and evaluated JPEG compression as a potential method for preventing adversarial images. To summarize, they compress and then decompress an image using JPEG before providing it to the image classification model. Since JPEG is a lossy image compression method designed to preferentially preserve details important to the human visual system, the hope is that JPEG compression will keep the aspects of the image important for classification, but discard any adversarial perturbations. The method is appealingly simple and, according to the previous work, can reduce the attack success rate of adversarial examples. -
Using Graphics on the Web Keep Graphics Small Most Users Have Little Patience for Slow Loading Pages, and Will Rapidly Abandon a Slow Site
Using graphics on the web Keep graphics small Most users have little patience for slow loading pages, and will rapidly abandon a slow site. Remember that many of your audience will be using a dial up modem, and try to keep graphics file sizes under 40K. Be willing to sacrifice some image quality. Provide thumbnails for large graphics If you feel your site absolutely requires large graphics, to illustrate an experimental set-up for example, provide an in-line reduced thumbnail of the graphic on your main page, which will link to the larger graphic and a separate page. This way the user has a choice and can decide if she or he wants to view it then, at another time or at all. It's also a kindness to indicate the file size, so the user can estimate how long the display will take to load. Use the same motifs throughout your site Recycle graphics (icons, navigation bars), as they are cached locally once downloaded. Standardizing on a set of graphic arrows, bullets, logos etc. also provides your site with a characteristic "look and feel" that your audience can identify with. Provide alternative text for non-graphics browsers Use the [alt="" ] command to provide a text description for those with text-only browsers or those who may have graphics loading disabled on their browsers. This also follows guidelines for Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Compliance. Use the appropriate file format Graphics Interchange format - GIF - was originally developed for the rapid transfer of images. GIF compression works by encoding the identical repeating elements within any given graphic, storing the code in an attached table and using the data to display the image when called upon by the web browser. -
Understanding Image Formats and When to Use Them
Understanding Image Formats And When to Use Them Are you familiar with the extensions after your images? There are so many image formats that it’s so easy to get confused! File extensions like .jpeg, .bmp, .gif, and more can be seen after an image’s file name. Most of us disregard it, thinking there is no significance regarding these image formats. These are all different and not cross‐ compatible. These image formats have their own pros and cons. They were created for specific, yet different purposes. What’s the difference, and when is each format appropriate to use? Every graphic you see online is an image file. Most everything you see printed on paper, plastic or a t‐shirt came from an image file. These files come in a variety of formats, and each is optimized for a specific use. Using the right type for the right job means your design will come out picture perfect and just how you intended. The wrong format could mean a bad print or a poor web image, a giant download or a missing graphic in an email Most image files fit into one of two general categories—raster files and vector files—and each category has its own specific uses. This breakdown isn’t perfect. For example, certain formats can actually contain elements of both types. But this is a good place to start when thinking about which format to use for your projects. Raster Images Raster images are made up of a set grid of dots called pixels where each pixel is assigned a color. -
JPEG Standard
JPEG standard JPEG: “Joint Photographic Experts Group” Formally: ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG10 Working Group 10 International (JBIG, JPEG) Organization for Subcommittee 29 Standardization Joint ISO/IEC (Coding of Audio, Technical International Picture, Multimedia Committee Electrotechnical and Hypermedia (Information Commission Information) Technology) Joint effort with CCITT (International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee, now ITU-T) Study Group VIII Work commenced in 1986 International standard ISO/IEC 10918-1 and CCITT Rec. T.81 in 1992 Widely used for image exchange, WWW, and digital photography Motion-JPEG is de facto standard for digital video editing Bernd Girod: EE398A Image and Video Compression JPEG standard no. 1 JPEG: image partition into 8x8 block 8x8 blocks Padding of right boundary blocks Padding of lower boundary blocks Bernd Girod: EE398A Image and Video Compression JPEG standard no. 2 Baseline JPEG coder DC Huffman tables dc quantization indices Differential coding VLC Level 8x8 Uniform Compressed scalar image data input offset DCT quantization image Zig-zag Run-level scan coding VLC Compressed image data ac quantization indices Quantization tables AC Huffman tables Bernd Girod: EE398A Image and Video Compression JPEG standard no. 3 Recommended quantization tables Based on psychovisual threshold experiments Luminance Chrominance, subsampled 2:1 16 11 10 16 24 40 51 61 17 18 24 47 99 99 99 99 12 12 14 19 26 58 60 55 18 21 26 66 99 99 99 99 14 13 16 24 40 57 69 56 24 26 56 99 99 99 99 99 14 17 22 29 51 87 80 62 47 66 99 99 99 99 99 99 18 22 37 56 68 109 103 77 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 24 36 55 64 81 104 113 92 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 49 64 78 87 103 121 120 101 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 72 92 95 98 112 100 103 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 [JPEG Standard, Annex K] Bernd Girod: EE398A Image and Video Compression JPEG standard no. -
Best Practices of Mobile Marketing
Best Practices of Mobile Marketing With the advent of iPhone, Android phones, and tablets, marketing into their existing marketing strategy; some are adoption of the mobile is contagious, and will continue still in the initial stage of using mobile marketing while in the coming years as well. The market penetration of others understand the urgency of making the most of this smartphones is getting more and more deeper, with the SmartPhone environment and place top priority in it.. number of smartphone subscribers growing 3 times over the If you are naïve in mobile marketing, you need to better last two years ago. Simply, the mobile usage is on the rise, prepare yourself against the upfront challenges such as your and nobody can ignore it. customers’ changing behavior while online on their mobile In the smartphone landscape, Apple’s iOS and Google’s devices. This paper outlines effective marketing practices to Android OS have dominated the market, and not just the U.S. help you embrace mobile domain tightly. market, but also the global market. Truly, it is a new world out there where consumers are connected around the clock. Mobile users are doing more than just calling . .such as emailing, social connecting, and purchasing items from their mobile devices at record speed.. In fact reports from Google and Gartner suggest that on average consumers who browse on smartphones while in the store buy more. Now, what does it really mean for businesses? Of course, it means there should be a greater focus on mobile advertising and businesses should consider aggressively promoting their services or products on those mobile platforms to make the most of the mobile wave. -
On the Efficiency of the Wavelet Based Compression Techniques
IS&T©s 2001 PICS Conference Proceedings On the Efficiency of the Wavelet Based Compression Techniques £ ? ¾ B. Smolka M. Szlezak K.N. Plataniotis A. N. Venetsanopoulos ½ Silesian University of Technology, Department of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16 Str, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland, ¾ Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto. 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, Canada, ? Abstract structured correlated errors typical to JPEG and wavelet In this paper we address the problem of the correlation be- based compression methods (Fig. 1, Tab. 1, Fig. 4). To as- tween the objective quality measures, like mean squared sess the efficiency of the three losssy compression methods error or signal to noise ratio and the subjective quality per- a joint subjective and objective study was undertaken. ceived by human viewers. Using both the objective and For the experiments a set of 3 gray-scale and 3 color subjective quality measures we aimed to compare the effi- test images was used (Fig. 2). The images were com- ciency of the wavelet based lossy codecs DJVU and LWF pressed at nearly the same compression ratios and the stan- with the DCT based standard JPEG compression method. dard quality measures like RMS, MSE, SNR and PSNR For the experiments a set of 3 gray-scale and 3 color were calculated for all images at different compression lev- test images was used. The images were encoded at the els. same compression levels and standard objective quality mea- For the visual assessment of the quality of the com- sures were calculated for all images. -
The Digital Marketer's Pocketbook
The Digital Marketer’s Pocketbook How to effectively use data for digital advertising Table of Contents I Introduction 3 1 The Challenge and Opportunity with Data 4 2 The 3 Data Pillars for Effective Digital Advertising 6 3 Deploying the 3 Pillars: A Checklist 11 4 The 2019/20 Trends and Themes in Data 18 5 Data Decoded: The Acronym and Jargon Buster 21 Digital Marketer’s Pocketbook 2 Introduction Using data to reveal your advertising potential The world of digital advertising is equal parts exciting and complicated. With a deluge of data, technology constantly evolving, and a whole slew of acronyms to master, it can be a full-time job staying up to speed and, more importantly, deciding how to effectively apply the best strategy. This guide is designed to provide you with the intel you need to build a solid data-driven digital strategy. No matter where you sit in the landscape, whether you’re ... A CMO who is on the hook for reimagining the customer journey A Digital Strategist who wants to know how to use data more effectively and look smarter in their day-to-day An Advertising Manager who needs more ideas for execution Or just someone who needs to know more about data-driven digital advertising ... we aim to cover the bases so you can focus on what’s important: better business outcomes. Because we all have hidden potential ready to be unlocked. Digital Marketer’s Pocketbook 3 1 CHAPTER ONE The Challenge and Opportunity with Data I N S I G HT Did you know that only 2% of brands1 are making the most of data-driven marketing? But companies who implement data-driven strategies are 6X more likely2 to be profitable year-over-year (YOY). -
How 5G Will Transform the Business of Media and Entertainment
HOW 5G WILL TRANSFORM THE BUSINESS OF MEDIA & ENTERTAINMENT OCTOBER 2018 SUMMARY The global media industry stands to gain $765bn in cumulative revenues from FIGURE 1: TOTAL GLOBAL MEDIA REVENUES DELIVERED OVER WIRELESS NETWORKS, 3G/4G VS 5G, 2016–2028 ($BN) new services and applications enabled by 5G ($260bn in the US and $167bn 450 in China). Thanks to the new network capabilities brought by 5G, annual mobile media revenues will double in the next 10 years to $420bn in 2028 ($124bn 400 in the US). The transformative impact of 5G will go well beyond just enhanced 350 5G REVENE PLIT mobile media. It will disrupt the industry on many levels, with new business WORTH $765BN models and new immersive interactive experiences to capitalize on. Video, 300 gaming, music, advertising, AR, and VR will all see fundamental changes due to 5G, bringing content and audiences closer. Ultimately, we expect 5G to help bring 250 a new, tactile dimension to entertainment. 200 MEDIA REVENUES ($BN) 150 This study was conducted by Ovum, leveraging in-depth media markets expertise from a large team of analysts and industry contacts in media and telecoms. The forecast followed a rigorous 100 methodology process whereby each 5G use case was put against its own media market context such as market dynamics and business models, and was tested on consumers via a survey. The 50 revenue projections and resulting analysis focus solely on consumer services, although there is also a strong opportunity for 5G in media for enterprises. 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 ○ 3G/4G ○ 5G SOURCE: OVUM How 5G will transform the business of media & entertainment 02 Key findings • 5G will transform media business models.