1 License to Till: the Privileges of the Spanish Mesta As a Case Of
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20. Breeding Practices in the Merino Industry
20. Breeding Practices in the Merino Industry Andrew Swan Learning objectives On completion of this topic you should understand: • The structure of the commercial and ram breeding sectors of the industry • The traits which influence production and how to include them in a breeding objective • Merino genetic evaluation and breeding systems Key terms and concepts Commercial production sector, ram breeding sector, closed nucleus breeding scheme, open nucleus breeding scheme, breeding objective, selection index, micron premium, heritability, genetic correlation, genetic evaluation system, breeding program. Introduction to the topic In this topic we explore genetic improvement programs in the Merino industry. We start by looking at breeding trends in the commercial production sector, which are strongly related to market signals for the two main sheep products, wool and meat. We also briefly touch on the structure of the ram breeding sector which is the driver of genetic change for the industry. The traits which influence profit in commercial enterprises can be combined to develop breeding objectives, mainly for ram breeders but also for commercial breeders. These breeding objectives and the genetic variability of the individual traits involved are discussed at length. Evaluating both ram sources and individual animals for the objective and component traits is a key step in making selection decisions, and we will also discuss the development of across flock genetic evaluation systems for Merinos. Finally, we will look at an experiment currently under way which aims to provide objective information on alternative breeding systems used by Merino breeders. 20.1 The commercial and ram breeding sectors Commercial production sector The sheep industry in Australia has been traditionally dominated by the Merino which comprises around 85% of the national flock. -
Migratory Shepherds and Ballad Diffusion1
Oral Tradition, 2/2-3 (1987): 451-71 Migratory Shepherds and Ballad Diffusion1 Antonio Sánchez Romeralo In 1928, in his now famous anthology of Spanish ballads, Flor nueva de romances viejos, Ramón Menéndez Pidal included the following comment concerning a romance that is very well known throughout the central regions of the Iberian Peninsula, particularly among shepherds: This attractive, authentically pastoral ballad, of purely rustic origin, had its origin, I believe, among the shepherds of Extremadura, where it is widely sung today, accompanied by the rebec, especially on Christmas Eve. Nomadic shepherds disseminated it throughout Old and New Castile and León; I heard it sung even in the mountains of Riaño, bordering on Asturias, at the very point where the Leonese cañada [nomadic shepherds’ path] comes to an end. But it is completely unknown in Asturias, as well as in Aragon, Catalonia, and Andalusia. This means that areas which did not get their sheep from Extremadura did not come to know this pastoral composition. (Menéndez Pidal 1928:291). Years later, in 1953, Menéndez Pidal was to modify his commentary on the ballad’s geographic diffusion, extending it to “all provinces crossed by the great paths of migration, those of León and Segovia, which go from the valleys of Alcudia, south of the Guadiana, to the Cantabrian mountains and El Bierzo,” and would now make no defi nite statement concerning the composition’s exact origin (Menéndez Pidal 1953:2:410). The ballad to which these comments refer is La loba parda (The Brindled She-Wolf). The present article will discuss two of Menéndez Pidal’s assertions regarding this romance: a) its supposedly rustic, pastoral character (“de pura cepa rústica . -
Revista MG Mundo Ganadero
MG EI vellón de la raza merina constituye la producción más apreciada de estos animales. La Mesta , una razón de desarrollo EI Merino y el monopolio lanero de España V. Heras. Pcri<^clista Cuancl<> uno intenta invc°stigar desd^ gtatia guerrera, frcmteriza y poc<^ }^o- economía de Castilla en manos cle Lt Ia nu>cl^sta ^r^tensicín cl^l artículo pe- hlacla, clond^ Icts rcmyuistas y recon- ne>hleza. En cualyuier caso, el ^x°ri<>clc^ ric^clístir<^ (yu^ nc^ clcl cstuclic^ ^rotun- yuistas imponían Ic^s Cr.ínsitos clel ga- yu^ nlcclia ^ntre Ios Reyes Catolirc^^ y clo) s<>I^re cl inagcrtahle tema de L^t naclo. Carlos V, pudc^ r<msicl^rarse ccmu> cl Mesta, se encurntra rcm <>piniones Con la expansicín cle Ia reconquista cle tnayc^r ai^c^s^c•o i^ara el m^rinc^ esp^t- muy clivergentes, en oc^tsicmes enfren- r^ includable yu^ la ganatlería trashu- tiol. taclas, y no sicmPr^ sustent^td^ts ^or mante iría en aumc°nto, mientras yue Una tercera ^[a^xt }xxltia inic'iarsc^ anítlisi^ rigur<^sos y hctras cie Pacient^ Irtr^tlelamente a tal ^^Ypasion territo- mecliado el rrin^tclc^ clc Carlc^s V, c^n invcsti^;aci^m. ri^tl, se podría ^^^ns.u' cn una con^oli- <lu^ aparecen Ic>s hrim^ros ^igno,^ cle Procuranclo, E^or Io tanto, oh^iar claci<ín c1e la ^tri^t<^cracia merced ct las cl^cadencia cl^l Exxler cle la Me^ta, rir- ac^u^^llos textos yue s<^lo se limitan ^t E^revencl^ts re^tles. -
High-Resolution Analysis of Selection Sweeps Identified Between Fine
Gutiérrez‑Gil et al. Genet Sel Evol (2017) 49:81 DOI 10.1186/s12711-017-0354-x Genetics Selection Evolution RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access High‑resolution analysis of selection sweeps identifed between fne‑wool Merino and coarse‑wool Churra sheep breeds Beatriz Gutiérrez‑Gil1* , Cristina Esteban‑Blanco1,2, Pamela Wiener3, Praveen Krishna Chitneedi1, Aroa Suarez‑Vega1 and Juan‑Jose Arranz1 Abstract Background: With the aim of identifying selection signals in three Merino sheep lines that are highly specialized for fne wool production (Australian Industry Merino, Australian Merino and Australian Poll Merino) and considering that these lines have been subjected to selection not only for wool traits but also for growth and carcass traits and parasite resistance, we contrasted the OvineSNP50 BeadChip (50 K-chip) pooled genotypes of these Merino lines with the genotypes of a coarse-wool breed, phylogenetically related breed, Spanish Churra dairy sheep. Genome re-sequenc‑ ing datasets of the two breeds were analyzed to further explore the genetic variation of the regions initially identifed as putative selection signals. Results: Based on the 50 K-chip genotypes, we used the overlapping selection signals (SS) identifed by four selec‑ tion sweep mapping analyses (that detect genetic diferentiation, reduced heterozygosity and patterns of haplotype diversity) to defne 18 convergence candidate regions (CCR), fve associated with positive selection in Australian Merino and the remainder indicating positive selection in Churra. Subsequent analysis of whole-genome sequences from 15 Churra and 13 Merino samples identifed 142,400 genetic variants (139,745 bi-allelic SNPs and 2655 indels) within the 18 defned CCR. Annotation of 1291 variants that were signifcantly associated with breed identity between Churra and Merino samples identifed 257 intragenic variants that caused 296 functional annotation variants, 275 of which were located across 31 coding genes. -
152. EUROPEAN STATE FINANCE (1348 to 1700): SPAIN by Mauricio Drelichman the University of British Columbia and CIFAR 997-1873 E
152. EUROPEAN STATE FINANCE (1348 TO 1700): SPAIN By Mauricio Drelichman The University of British Columbia and CIFAR 997-1873 East Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 2G2 Canada [email protected] Forthcoming in Gerard Caprio (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Financial Globalization Elsevier Synopsis In the early modern era, Spain went from being a fractious European backwater to rule over one of the largest empires in history. By 1700, it had once again sunk into relative obscurity. This article surveys the political institutions and the public finance instruments that made such a remarkable historical trajectory possible. Table of Contents Introduction Political organization a) Crown and Kingdom b) Nobility c) The Church d) Dominions and Colonies Revenues a) Direct taxes b) Indirect taxes c) American silver Debt a) Juros b) Asientos c) Bankruptcies Keywords Bankruptcy, Bonds, Castile, Debt, Default, Habsburgs, Loans, Revenue, Silver, Spain JEL Codes N23, N43, F34, H1, H2 Glossary Alcabala: A sales tax, technically amounting to 10% of all transactions in the kingdom of Castile, but almost always collected at a lower rate. It was the most important source of Crown revenue. Arrendamiento: A tax farming arrangement whereby the Crown gave a private party the right to collect a tax in exchange for a lump sump payment. The tax farmer was entitled to keep any tax proceeds exceeding the payment to the Crown. Asiento: A short-term loan between the Crown and international financiers. Cortes: The representative assembly of the cities of Castile. Encabezamiento: An agreement between the Crown and the Cortes, allowing the cities to manage tax collection in their own territories in exchange for a lump sum payment. -
The Cloth Exports of Flanders and Northern France During The
The Cloth Exports of Flanders and Northern France during the Thirteenth Century: A Luxury Trade? Author(s): Patrick Chorley Reviewed work(s): Source: The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 40, No. 3 (Aug., 1987), pp. 349-379 Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the Economic History Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2596250 . Accessed: 14/03/2012 04:57 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Blackwell Publishing and Economic History Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Economic History Review. http://www.jstor.org Economic History Review, 2nd ser. XL, 3 (i987), pp. 349-379 The cloth exports of Flanders and northern France during the thirteenth century: a luxury trade? By PATRICK CHORLEY pirenne was emphatic that the wool textiles of Flanders and northern France that were exported throughout Europe and to the Levant during the thirteenth century and formed the basis of the prosperity of the region were "in the full force of the term luxury products". Although this view has been questioned, it remains the accepted orthodoxy. The most recent historian of Flanders, for example, repeats Pirenne almost word for word and goes on to describe the Flemish cloth as a product held in "matchless esteem" by an "exclusive public throughout Europe". -
The Granada Venegas Family, 1431-1643: Nobility, Renaissance and Morisco Identity
The Granada Venegas Family, 1431-1643: Nobility, Renaissance and Morisco Identity By Elizabeth Ashcroft Terry A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction Of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Thomas Dandelet, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor Ignacio E. Navarrete Summer 2015 The Granada Venegas Family, 1431-1643: Nobility, Renaissance, and Morisco Identity © 2015 by Elizabeth Ashcroft Terry All Rights Reserved The Granada Venegas Family, 1431-1643: Nobility, Renaissance and Morisco Identity By Elizabeth Ashcroft Terry Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California-Berkeley Thomas Dandelet, Chair Abstract In the Spanish city of Granada, beginning with its conquest by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492, Christian aesthetics, briefly Gothic, and then classical were imposed on the landscape. There, the revival of classical Roman culture took place against the backdrop of Islamic civilization. The Renaissance was brought to the city by its conquerors along with Christianity and Castilian law. When Granada fell, many Muslim leaders fled to North Africa. Other elite families stayed, collaborated with the new rulers and began to promote this new classical culture. The Granada Venegas were one of the families that stayed, and participated in the Renaissance in Granada by sponsoring a group of writers and poets, and they served the crown in various military capacities. They were royal, having descended from a Sultan who had ruled Granada in 1431. Cidi Yahya Al Nayar, the heir to this family, converted to Christianity prior to the conquest. Thus he was one of the Morisco elites most respected by the conquerors. -
Merino Sheep Breeding Trainer Guide
Merino Sheep Breeding Trainer Guide Nicole Sallur (DPI&F, Qld), Michael Williams (NSW TAFE) and Tony Hamilton (DPI&F, Qld). Editor: Stan Jacobs (ByteDisk Pty Ltd) May 2008 © Sheep CRC Ltd 2008 Authors: Nicole Sallur (Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland) Michael Williams (NSW Tafe) Tony Hamilton (Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Editor: Stan Jacobs (ByteDisk Pty Ltd) Merino Sheep Breeding Trainer Guide © Sheep CRC Ltd This publication is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 or other relevant laws no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without specific written permission from the copyright holder. Neither may be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. Special permission is granted for Australian Registered Training Organisations to reproduce the Merino Sheep Breeding Trainer Guide in full from the web www.sheepcrc.org.au/msbtg without changes for use in delivering training. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction should be addressed to; The Communication Officer Australian Sheep Industry CRC CJ Hawkins Homestead The University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 [email protected] MERINO SHEEP BREEDING TRAINER GUIDE PAGE 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The development of the Merino Sheep Breeding Trainer Guide has drawn on the work undertaken by various organisations and individuals in the application of breeding and genetics across the Australian sheep and wool industry. In particular, acknowledgement is made of information drawn from: • Merino Breeding and Selection – a commercial focus (1999), S. Hatcher and D. Bayley, The Woolmark Company and Department of Primary Industries, NSW • Money-making Merinos (2005), EDGE network, Meat and Livestock Australia and Department of Primary Industries, Victoria • $electing $tuds for $uccess (2001), R. -
The Golden Fleece of the Cotswold Sheep
The Golden Fleece of the Cotswold Sheep By Richard Martin HEEP HAVE GRAZED on the Cotswold hills for more than 2000 years - and the most famous breed was The Cotswold, whose lustrous, curly Sfleece was famous throughout Europe. Here is the story of that sheep - justifiably known as The Lion of the Cotswolds...Today there is not much more than a ton or two of Cotswold fleece-wool available each year. It is long-stapled (more than six inches), reasonably lustrous and of mid 40's quality (For comparison Merino is mid 60's plus, Lincoln about mid 30's). Until recently, Cotswold wool was for many years lumped in with other English lustre-wools - and used mainly for carpets and industrial cloths. During the early 1980's Cotswold Woollen Weavers recognised its potential and revived its use. In particular, the natural lustre and the clarity with which it accepts dye made the wool ideal for loose-twist worsted spinning, and weaving into soft-furnishing cloths - a range of dramatic block-weave throws and rugs. Visitors are welcome all year at the mill to see both the processes involved and the products. Cotswold Woollen Weavers' activities have been coincident with a renewed interest in the Cotswold breed, so this is a good time for re-appraisal. For too long the illustrious historical pedigree of Cotswold wool has been ignored as irrelevant. But it was not always so. The Cotswolds are indelibly marked with the history of the Cotswold sheep and its fleece. But it is a puzzling, clouded history. When Aldous Huxley nearly said that facts begin as heresies and end as superstitions, he might have been thinking of the Cotswold sheep. -
Merino Lifetime Productivity Project Newsletter No.8
Merino Lifetime Productivity Project Newsletter No.8 2020 Pingelly Field Day & MLP quick facts MerinoLink Inspection Day • The Australian Wool Innovation (AWI) funded MLP project is a $8m (plus $5m from partners), 10-year In late October both the Pingelly and MerinoLink MLP partnership between AWI, the Australian Merino Sire sites were open with their MLP ewes on public display. Evaluation Association (AMSEA), nominating stud Pingelly was able to host a full MLP Field Day while Merino breeders and site hosts. MerinoLink hosted an Inspection Day. • The MLP project runs at five sites where sire evaluation trials operate for the first two years and then continue Pingelly’s Field Day saw an eager crowd attend the site tracking performance of ewe progeny as they proceed which is managed by Murdoch University and located at through four to five joinings and annual shearings. the University of Western Australia’s ‘Ridgefield’ Farm. The • Balmoral, VIC Host: Tuloona Pastoral day commenced with a dedicated ASBV workshop and Committee: Balmoral Breeders Association followed with industry and research presentations along Pingelly, WA Host: Murdoch University / UWA with penside introductions. Attendee feedback noted the Committee: day as a great success. Federation of Performance Sheep Breeders (WA Branch) MerinoLink, Temora NSW Host: Moses & Son Pingelly’s 2016 and 2017 drop ewes were displayed Committee: MerinoLink Inc. with 11 months’ wool growth. MerinoLink’s ewes were Macquarie, Trangie NSW Host: NSW DPI Committee: Macquarie Sire Evaluation Association displayed with 12 months’ wool growth and were shorn New England, NSW Host: CSIRO the following week. A webinar and results are available at Committee: New England Merino Sire Evaluation Association merinosuperiorsires.com.au/merinolink2020mlp. -
Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Spanish Wines (And a Few Things You Did) John Phillips Wacker University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected]
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Senior Theses Honors College Spring 2019 Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Spanish Wines (and a Few Things You Did) John Phillips Wacker University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/senior_theses Part of the Basque Studies Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, Food and Beverage Management Commons, and the Spanish and Portuguese Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Wacker, John Phillips, "Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Spanish Wines (and a Few Things You Did)" (2019). Senior Theses. 277. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/senior_theses/277 This Thesis is brought to you by the Honors College at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Thesis Summary The Spanish wine scene is incredibly diverse, and an immense number of different wines are made in the country. Likewise, Spain is incredibly rich in culture, with a wide array of languages, histories, cultures, and cuisines found throughout the nation. The sheer number and variety of Spanish wines and the incredible variety of cultures found in Spain may be daunting to the uninitiated. Thus, a guide to Spanish wine and culture, which not only details the two but links them, as well, may prove very helpful to the Spanish wine newcomer or perhaps even a sommelier. This thesis-guide was compiled through the research of the various Denominaciones de Origen of Spain, the history of Spain, the regions of Spain and their individual histories and cultures, and, of course, the many, many wines of Spain. -
El Chinchón and Colmenar De Oreja (Spain) — Sustainable Development in the Shadow of a Metropolis
BAROMETR REGIONALNY TOM 13 NR 1 El Chinchón and Colmenar de Oreja (Spain) — Sustainable Development in the Shadow of a Metropolis Joanna Miętkiewska-Brynda, Jerzy Makowski University of Warsaw, Poland Abstract The authors recall the genesis of the term of “sustainable development” and its complex evolution over the past decades until its contemporary meaning covering humans and their economy and culture, the natural environment, and the cultural landscape. The examples analysed in the text are two municipali- ties in the New Castile Community of Madrid (Spain) and their capitals: El Chinchón and Colmenar de Oreja, which are hidden in the shadow of Madrid and have been declining until recent times. Over the past several years, they and their surroundings have been experiencing a period of peaceful and harmonious development, which can be associated with sustainable development. Keywords: sustainable development, countryside, rural areas, landscape, social capital, local products Beginnings The concept of sustainable development has undergone various ups and downs, especially when it concerned rural and peripheral areas or developing countries . It was defined (and redefined) mul- tiple times and its meaning changed with time and research of the problem (also as the result of the discovery of its complex development ). Even today, near the end of the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005–2014) proclaimed by the UN, it is still controversial .1 The idea of sustainable development was born almost fifty years ago, in the late 1960s, during an international discussion over multiple forums, involving scientists, politicians, and — which is very important in this case — journalists . This discussion was widely promoted and commented by the media and had the support of the United Nations, which was becoming more and more interested in the condition of the Earth’s natural environment .