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MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES RESEARCH TOPIC COPING STRATEGIES TO REDUCE FOOD INSECURITY IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF CHIREYA WARD 5; GOKWE NORTH By Taruberekera Zivengwa R15788 Z DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES. May 2016 Our hands, our minds, our destiny i RESEARCH SUPERVISION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES NAME OF STUDENT Taruberekera Zivengwa REGISTRATION NUMBER R15788Z NAME OF SUPERVISOR MR Makaye RESEARCH TOPIC: COPING STRATEGIES TO REDUCE FOOD INSECURITY IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF CHIREYA WARD 5; GOKWE NORTH. I, the undersigned do/do not acknowledge that the above student has consulted me for supervision on his /her research project /dissertation until completion. I therefore do/do not advise the student to submit his/her work for assessment. SIGNED...................................................... DATE............................................ DECLARATION I, Taruberekera Zivengwa, declare that the work I have submitted is my own effort and it has not been submitted anywhere for any degree purposes in any other universities. I certify that ii the information in the Dissertation which is not my own has been identified and acknowledged. It is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Arts in Development Studies at Midlands State University, Zvishavane Campus. Signature Date ……………………… ……………………………….. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to Denzel Sipho Taruberekera and native Zimbabweans who did not get this chance to get educated. iv ACKNOLEDGEMENTS I would like to appreciate the priceless contribution of my supervisor Mr Makaye for his fatherly guidance, patience and valuable time in consulting throughout the entire process of the dissertation without which this material would have remained a myth. Doctor Matunhu, chairperson of the Faculty of Arts in Development Studies at Midlands State University and Doctor Mudeka, thank you so much for the love you have. I wouldn‟t be this far if you were not there for me. Doctor E Vengesa, thank you for your unwavering love. I never thought you would help me up to this far. May God bless you for your contribution to this wonderful work. Sincere appreciations to the District Administrator, Mr F Mupungu for making my field research in Gokwe North a pleasant experience rich with valuable discussions and also for making it quite easy for me to adapt to the environment. Many thanks also to the entire Chituku, Mabunda and Muchacha family for their friendliness and positive opinions. They made sure I was well fed and well-dressed during my studies. May God bless you and your descendants. Special appreciations go to my friends, Magwegwe Everjoy (for giving me the time and the laptop). You quitted enjoying movies from your laptop and giving it to me, Chipepera Mike, Matika Lovemore, Ghana Bothwel, and my colleagues. Thank you General Hokonya. Success Mucheni, you took care of me. Mr Kudzai Nkomo you are always in me as my strength. God bless you. My parents, who struggled to get money for school fees but pressesd on. My son, Denzel who made me realize things don‟t happen when I want them to, sorry to leave you alone everything will be alright. My sister, Machi is the light of my life and my best friend and who wanted to know why I would put myself through this situation. My brothers, Trust, Reason, Tichagwa, Darrius, Hosea, Edmond, Freedom and Honest thank you for the hard agriculture work you were doing for me to go to school. I wouldn’t be this far. Finally, to the late grandfather Zivengwa Zivengwa,I feel your presence every day in everything that I do. Thank you for raising my father, I wouldn‟t be this far. I only wish that I could show you my Masters certificate face to face. v ABSTRACT This study focused on the effectiveness of the coping strategies to reduce food insecurity in the face of climate change, in Chireya ward 5 in Gokwe North Midlands Province, Zimbabwe. Using information from 64 participants that included 64 respondents mixed research approach was used, the research design was a case study that included residents, organizations A to C. The research made use of three data mining instruments which were Focus Group Interviews (FGDs), semi structured interviews, and observations. Findings revealed that agriculture production is on the decreased while food insecurity is on its rising limb. Preliminary results indicated that rainfall and temperature variability have negatively impacted the area under study negatively on their livelihoods, that left many relying on donations. Farmers in Chireya had different perceptions on climate change, the residents were blaming the people‟s divergence from traditional while the organizations A,B and C had the human activities like pollution and poor environmental management to blame. The study further revealed that households in Chireya ward 5 uses different coping strategies to cope with climate change in order to be food secure. However many of the strategies they use were reported to be ineffective since they do not have sustainability instead they worsen the livelihoods. The study revealed that the households that do not have the assets were finding it difficult to cope effectively, than those with better assets. The recommendations were that the government should bear with the rural communities in its annual planning and that the rural communities and women should be participating and have decision making in projects that benefit them. Income generating projects and water harvesting as well as changing planting dates were some of the recommendations given following the fact that they were one of the effective coping strategies to reduce food insecurity in the face of climate change Key words: Climate change, food security, livelihoods, coping, assets, awareness vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CC & V Climate change and Variability GoZ Government of Zimbabwe CRiSTAL Community-based Risk Screening Tool Livelihood LRRP Land Reform Resettlement Program GMB Grain Marketing Program ZDF Zimbabwe Defence Forces AMP Agriculture Mechanization Programme ZIMAsset Zimbabwe Accelerated Sustainable Socio Economic Transformation NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations ZFSO Zimbabwe Food Security Outlook GDP Gross Domestic Outlook CSO Central Statistics Office AGREX Agriculture Research and Extension IPCC International Panel on Climate Change UNFCCC United Nations Convention on Climate Change GHG Grass House Gases WHO World Health Organizations FAO Food and Agriculture Organizations TAR Third Assessement report WB World Bank SDGs Sustainable Development Organizations UN United Nations NMES Nepal Ministry of Environmental Science WECS Water and Energy and Commission Secretariat NCAR National Centre for Atmospheric Research vii NSIRO Common Wealth Scientific and Industrial Research HARDLEY Hardley Cell NR Natural Regions ZAPF Zimbabwe Agriculture Policy Framework NIB National Investment Brief UNDP United Nations Development Programme HDR Human Development Report HIV Human Immuno Virus AIDS Aquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome IFPR International Food Policy Research Institute viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Projected climate change……………………………………………………29 Table 1.2: History of climate and droughts in Zimbabwe……………………………...30 Table 1.3: Sample size………………………………………………………………….53 Table 1.4: Coping strategies to reduce food insecurity………………………………...71 Table 1.5: Stakeholders assisting the communities…………………………………….75 Table 1.6: Years of severe drought in Chireya ward…………………………………. 81 Table 1.7: Effects of climate change to the livelihood of people……………………..86 Table 1.8: Coping strategies to reduce food insecurity……………………………….. 87 Table 1.9 Coping strategies to reduce food insecurity ………………………………..93 Table 1.10 Stakeholder assisting communities with coping strategies………………….94 Table 1.11 Coping strategies to reduce food insecurity in Chireya……………………..99 Table 1.12 Effective of the coping strategies…………………………………………106 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Climate Change, Food Security and Livelihood Framework……………………13 Figure 1.2 Number of respondents…………………………………………………………...63 Figure 1.3 Duration of stay of participants…………………………………………………...64 Figure 1.4 Household size of the residents…………………………………………………...65 ix Figure 1.5 Effects of climate change…………………………………………………………67 Figure 1.6 Effectiveness of the coping strategies…………………………………………….73 Figure 1.7 Coping strategies and their effectiveness…………………………………………78 Figure 1.8: Coping strategies and their effectiveness………………………………………...82 Figure 1.9: Suggestions towards sustained coping strategies to reduce food insecurity……..88 Figure1.10 Effects of climate change to the livelihoods of people…………………………..91 x TABLE CONTENTS COVER PAGE..................................................................................................................,,,….i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM ..........................................................................................ii DECLARATION....................................................................................................................iii DEDICATION........................................................................................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................................v ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................vi

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