The Eastern Front and the Struggle Against Marginalization
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The Eastern Front and the Struggle Against Marginalization
3 The Eastern Front and the Struggle against Marginalization By John Young Copyright The Small Arms Survey Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It serves © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva 2007 as the principal source of public information on all aspects of small arms and First published in May 2007 as a resource centre for governments, policy-makers, researchers, and activ- ists. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior Established in 1999, the project is supported by the Swiss Federal Depart- permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by ment of Foreign Affairs, and by contributions from the Governments of Bel- law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organi- gium, Canada, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should United Kingdom. The Survey is also grateful for past and current project-spe- be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. cific support received from Australia, Denmark, and New Zealand. Further Small Arms Survey funding has been provided by the United Nations Development Programme, Graduate Institute of International Studies the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, the Geneva 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland International Academic Network, and the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining. -
From the Congo Basin to the Highlands of Ethiopia
From the Congo Basin to the Highlands of Ethiopia From the Congo Basin to the Highlands of Ethiopia by Steve Christenson Safari Press This book is dedicated to my wife, Sheryl, Without you, none of this would have been possible. FROM THE CONGO BASIN TO THE HIGHLANDS OF ETHIOPIA © 2013 by Steve Christenson. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or reproduced in any form or by any means without permission from the publisher. The trademark Safari Press ® is registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and with government trademark and patent offices in other countries. Christenson, Steve First edition Safari Press 2013, Long Beach, California ISBN 978-1-57157-390-2 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2011942114 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China Readers wishing to receive the Safari Press catalog, featuring many fine books on big-game hunting, wingshooting, and sporting firearms, should write to Safari Press, P.O. Box 3095, Long Beach, CA 90803, USA. Tel: (714) 894- 9080 or visit our Web site at www.safaripress.com Table of Contents Foreword by Tommy Caruthers ........................................................................................................................................vii Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................................ix Part I Egypt and Sudan Chapter 1 The Warrior Priests ................................................................................................................................1 -
ERITREA Mahmoud Ahmed Chehem (M), Aged 21, Army Soldier Estifanos Solomon (M), Army Driver Two Male Army Officers (Names Not Known)
PUBLIC AI Index: AFR 64/001/2005 07 January 2005 UA 03/05 Forcible return / Fear of torture or ill-treatment / Detention without charge or trial ERITREA Mahmoud Ahmed Chehem (m), aged 21, army soldier Estifanos Solomon (m), army driver Two male army officers (names not known) Mahmoud Ahmed Chehem, Estifanos Solomon and two army officers were reportedly forcibly returned from Djibouti to Eritrea on 28 December 2004. They are being detained without charge at an unknown location and are at risk of torture or ill-treatment. Mahmoud Ahmed Chehem is a member of the Afar ethnic group which inhabits areas in both Djibouti and Eritrea. He was born in Djibouti, although his family live in Eritrea. On 26 December he and the three other men drove from the southwest Eritrean town of Assab to Obock town in Djibouti, where they were detained by the Djiboutian army. Mahmoud Ahmed Chehem was refused permission to stay in Djibouti, despite being a Djiboutian citizen. The three other men reportedly requested asylum in Djibouti but were summarily handed over to Eritrean military officers on 28 December, who forcibly returned them to Eritrea the same day. The three were denied the right to have their asylum application properly determined or to contact the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) office in Djibouti. Mahmoud Ahmed Chehem was unlawfully conscripted into the Eritrean army as a child soldier in 1997 when he was 14 years old. He had unsuccessfully applied recently to be demobilized on medical grounds after receiving eye injuries and shrapnel wounds during the 1998-2000 war with Ethiopia. -
Ethiopia Final Evaluation Report
ETHIOPIA: Mid-Term Evaluation of UNCDF’s Local Development Programme Submitted to: United Nations Capital Development Fund Final Evaluation Report 23 July 2007 Prepared by: Maple Place North Woodmead Business Park 145 Western Service Road Woodmead 2148 Tel: +2711 802 0015 Fax: +2711 802 1060 www.eciafrica.com UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND EVALUATION REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. PROJECT SUMMARY 1 2. PURPOSE OF THE EVALUATION 2 Purpose of the evaluation 2 Programme Cycle 2 3. EVALUATION METHODOLOGY 3 Methodology and tools used 3 Work plan 4 Team composition 5 4. PROGRAMME PROFILE 6 Understanding the context 6 Donor Interventions in Amhara Region 7 Programme Summary 8 Programme Status 9 5. KEY EVALUATION FINDINGS 13 Results achievement 13 Sustainability of results 21 Factors affecting successful implementation & results achievement 24 External Factors 24 Programme related factors 24 Strategic position and partnerships 26 Future UNCDF role 27 6. LESSONS 28 Programme-level lessons 28 7. RECOMMENDATIONS 29 Results achievement 29 Sustainability of results 29 Factors affecting successful implementation and results achievement 30 Strategic positioning and partnerships 31 Future UNCDF role 31 “The analysis and recommendations of this report do not necessarily reflect the view of the United Nations Capital Development Fund, its Executive Board or the United Nations Member States. This is an independent publication of UNCDF and reflects the views of its authors” PREPARED BY ECIAFRICA CONSULTING (PTY) LTD, PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL i 2007/05/24 -
Ethiopia and Eritrea: Border War Sandra F
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Richmond University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Political Science Faculty Publications Political Science 2000 Ethiopia and Eritrea: Border War Sandra F. Joireman University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/polisci-faculty-publications Part of the African Studies Commons, and the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Joireman, Sandra F. "Ethiopia and Eritrea: Border War." In History Behind the Headlines: The Origins of Conflicts Worldwide, edited by Sonia G. Benson, Nancy Matuszak, and Meghan Appel O'Meara, 1-11. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ethiopia and Eritrea: Border War History Behind the Headlines, 2001 The Conflict The war between Ethiopia and Eritrea—two of the poorest countries in the world— began in 1998. Eritrea was once part of the Ethiopian empire, but it was colonized by Italy from 1869 to 1941. Following Italy's defeat in World War II, the United Nations determined that Eritrea would become part of Ethiopia, though Eritrea would maintain a great deal of autonomy. In 1961 Ethiopia removed Eritrea's independence, and Eritrea became just another Ethiopian province. In 1991 following a revolution in Ethiopia, Eritrea gained its independence. However, the borders between Ethiopia and Eritrea had never been clearly marked. -
The Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan1 - Summary and Analysis
[DRAFT] [NOT FOR CIRCULATION] International IDEA The Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan1 - Summary and Analysis - 1. Executive summary ....................................................................................................................... 2 2. Context .......................................................................................................................................... 3 (a) This Paper ............................................................................................................................. 3 (b) The Agreement ..................................................................................................................... 3 (c) The Parties ........................................................................................................................... 6 3. Content of the future constitution ................................................................................................ 8 (a) Federalism ............................................................................................................................ 8 (b) Financial issues and revenue sharing .................................................................................. 13 (c) Individual and the state ...................................................................................................... 15 4. Transitional issues ....................................................................................................................... 16 (a) Transitional period............................................................................................................. -
Sudan: International Dimensions to the State and Its Crisis
crisis states research centre OCCASIONAL PAPERS Occasional Paper no. 3 Sudan: international dimensions to the state and its crisis Alex de Waal Social Science Research Council April 2007 ISSN 1753 3082 (online) Copyright © Alex de Waal, 2007 Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of material published in this Occasional Paper, the Crisis States Research Centre and LSE accept no responsibility for the veracity of claims or accuracy of information provided by contributors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce this Occasional Paper, or any part thereof, should be sent to: The Editor, Crisis States Research Centre, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE 1 Crisis States Research Centre Sudan: International Dimensions to the State and its Crisis Alex de Waal Social Science Research Council Overview This paper follows on from the associated essay, “Sudan: What Kind of State? What Kind of Crisis?”1 which concluded that the two dominant characteristics of the Sudanese state are (a) the extreme economic and political inequality between a hyper-dominant centre and peripheries that are weak and fragmented and (b) the failure of any single group or faction within the centre to exercise effective control over the institutions of the state, but who nonetheless can collectively stay in power because of their disproportionate resources. -
The Playlist!
THE SOUNDS OF THE SEASON NOON, DECEMBER 24 - MIDNIGHT, DECEMBER 25, 2020 PRESENTED BY JAZZ 88.3 KSDS Number Name Artist Album Time Hour #01 NOON TO 1 PM DECEMBER 24 001 The Sounds of the Season - Open 0:45 002 ‘Twas the Night Before Christmas Chuck Niles 3:46 003 Jingle Bells Duke Ellington Jingle Bell Jazz (rec. 1962) 3:02 004 Frosty the Snowman Roy Hargrove & Christian McBride Jazz for Joy - A Verve Christmas Album (rec. 1996) 3:56 005 Sleigh Ride Ella Fitzgerald Ella Wishes You a Swinging Christmas! (rec. 1960) 2:59 006 Winter Wonderland The Ramsey Lewis Trio Sound of Christmas (rec. 1961) 2:08 007 O Tannenbaum Vince Guaraldi A Charlie Brown Christmas (rec. 1964) 5:09 008 Home for the Holidays Joe Pass Six-String Santa (rec. 1992) 4:00 009 The Sounds of the Season ID 0:45 010 Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Brynn Stanley Classic Christmas (rec. 2019) 3:44 011 Line for Santa Octobop West Coast Christmas (rec. 2012 4:07 012 White Christmas Booker Ervin Structurally Sound (rec. 1966) 4:28 013 Deck the Halls Gerry Beaudoin & The Boston Jazz Ensemble A Sentimental Christmas (rec. 1994) 2:39 014 I’ll Be Home for Christmas Tony Bennett The Tony Bennett Christmas Album 2:14 015 The Christmas Song Scott Hamilton Christmas Love Song (rec. 1997) 5:44 016 Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas Ron Affif Christmas Songs (rec. 1992) 5:01 017 The Christmas Waltz Beegie Adair Trio Jazz Piano Christmas (rec. 1989) 2:42 HOUR #02 1 PM TO 2 PM DECEMBER 24 018 The Sounds of the Season ID 0:45 019 A Holly Jolly Christmas Straight No Chaser Social Christmasing (rel. -
Battlefields
Nicole C. Vosseler – Beyond the Nile Battlefields Flight of the Khalifa after the Battle of Omdurman, 1898 Robert George Talbot Kelly, ca. 1900 Just like the Crimean War, one of the historical backgrounds in Beneath the Saffron Moon and briefly mentioned in Beyond the Nile, the Mahdist Revolt has hardly left any traces in the consciousness of the Western world - except in that of the British, since Great Britain was the only European power in- volved. If the name of the Mahdi is ever mentioned, it is mostly in relation to the sec- Mohammed Ahmad, the Mahdi ond campaign of 1896-1899 – and then only referring to one lieutenant who took part in this campaign und who later on became famous by his political activities, by premier minister and last but not least by his eccentric character: Winston S. Churchill. This second campaign though was an immediate consequence of the first campaign from 1881 to 1885, the historical backdrop of the novel. Not all regiments dispatched to Egypt and Sudan were involved in every battle, and therefore the depic- tion of the revolt in the novel is guided by the perspective of the Royal Sussex, the regiment of Jeremy, Stephen, Leonard, Royston, and Simon. © Nicole C. Vosseler 1 A regiment that, after the suppression of the ‘Urabi Revolt in Egypt and before its arrival at Khartoum, took part in three battles; one of them is only sketched briefly in the novel, while the other two are an extensive part of the storyline. Battle of El-Teb: February 29th, 1884 Strictly speaking, it should be called “the second Battle of El-Teb”, since this battle occurred as revenge, on the same site where on February 4th the year before, an array of 3,500 Egyptian soldiers under General Valentine Baker was almost completely erased by Osman Digna’s men. -
Sudan, Country Information
Sudan, Country Information SUDAN ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III HISTORY IV STATE STRUCTURES V HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS ANNEX A - CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B - LIST OF MAIN POLITICAL PARTIES ANNEX C - GLOSSARY ANNEX D - THE POPULAR DEFENCE FORCES ACT 1989 ANNEX E - THE NATIONAL SERVICE ACT 1992 ANNEX F - LIST OF THE MAIN ETHNIC GROUPS OF SUDAN ANNEX G - REFERENCES TO SOURCE DOCUMENTS 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum/human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum/human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. These sources have been checked for accuracy, and as far as can be ascertained, remained relevant and up-to-date at the time the document was issued. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. -
SFJAZZ Announces 2019-2020 Season Programming September 5, 2019 – May 31, 2020
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE SFJAZZ Announces 2019-2020 Season Programming September 5, 2019 – May 31, 2020 Tickets on Sale to SFJAZZ Members, Friday, June 28 at 11:00amPST Tickets on Sale to Public, Thursday, July 12 at 11:00amPST SFJAZZ.ORG (SAN FRANCISCO, CA, June 6, 2019) -- SFJAZZ announces artist programming for the 2019-20 season running September 5, 2019 to May 31, 2020 presenting concerts at the SFJAZZ Center’s Robert N. Miner Auditorium and Joe Henderson Lab, Herbst Theatre, Grace Cathedral, and Paramount Theatre in Oakland. Tickets on sale to SFJAZZ Members, Friday, June 28 at 11:00amPST and on sale to public on Thursday, July 12 at 11:00amPST. For more information, visit sfjazz.org. “This is our 8th Season in the Center: we opened in January of 2013. And it is SFJAZZ’s 37th year: we debuted in 1983 as Jazz in the City,” says SFJAZZ Founder and Artistic Director Randall Kline. “At the time of our founding, neither I, nor anyone who was a part of it, could have imagined that here at the corner of Franklin Street and Fell Street, in one of the world’s greatest cities, a dedicated community center built expressly for the appreciation and development of jazz would be thriving. The key elements of this vitality are the intersection of our dedicated audiences, our superb artists, and the Center itself—we work together to create this community.” The SFJAZZ Resident Artistic Director program was established to give today’s most innovative and influential artists the chance to curate exclusive programming at the SFJAZZ Center often featuring unprecedented collaborations and world premiere projects between world-renowned artists. -
Sudan Opposition to the Government, Including
Country Policy and Information Note Sudan: Opposition to the government, including sur place activity Version 2.0 November 2018 Preface Purpose This note provides country of origin information (COI) and analysis of COI for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims (as set out in the basis of claim section). It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) analysis of COI; and (2) COI. These are explained in more detail below. Asessment This section analyses the evidence relevant to this note – i.e. the COI section; refugee/human rights laws and policies; and applicable caselaw – by describing this and its inter-relationships, and provides an assessment on whether, in general: x A person is reasonably likely to face a real risk of persecution or serious harm x A person is able to obtain protection from the state (or quasi state bodies) x A person is reasonably able to relocate within a country or territory x Claims are likely to justify granting asylum, humanitarian protection or other form of leave, and x If a claim is refused, it is likely or unlikely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under section 94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must, however, still consider all claims on an individual basis, taking into account each case’s specific facts. Country of origin information The country information in this note has been carefully selected in accordance with the general principles of COI research as set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation’s (ACCORD), Researching Country Origin Information – Training Manual, 2013.