Volume XXVII No. 12 December, 1972 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAjm W XmH RFFIKEES IH eUCAT BRITAIN

'Herbert Freeden (Jerusalem) A FOREST IN GALILEE ISRAELIS, PALESTINIANS, ARABS British Jewry's Tribute to the Queen In this issue readers will find a St 1 ^^^^ ^s room for only two independent most one-half. The principal cause of the leaflet regarding the scheme of the of t^^—°^^ Jewish and one Arab—in the area change of direction was Jewish development, Anglo-Jewish community to mark the ^ the original Palestine between the Mediter- creating new and attractive opportunities for silver wedding anniversary of Her ^nean and the boundary of Iraq. What the work and, in general, a standard of living un­ Majesty and H.R.H. The Duke of ''ab state be called, is not our concern and known dn the Middle East. Another major p^. nave no right to interfere", said Israel's factor in the rapid growth of the Arab popu­ Edinburgh by a forest to be planted ^irae Minister, Golda Meir, recently. The lation was, of course, the rate of natural in Israel. The fact that the Royal r. 6sent Kingdom of Jordan was part of Pales- increase, accentuated by the reduction of the Couple agreed to accept this loyal J'»e till 1922 like the West Bank—now under previously high infant mortality rate and by tribute reatfirms the feelings of sym­ i/1^ administration—till seized by Abdullah improved health conditions introduced by the pathy and understanding which they . 1948. Referring to a widespread niovement Jews. The Arab population doubled from have always shown to the Anglo- r establish a third State on Palestine soil, 565,000 in 1922 to 1,200,000 in 1947. Jewish community as well as to Israel. " ^'^dition to Israel and Jordan, Golda Meir Before large-scale Jewish settlement, the The list of Patrons includes eminent 6sf !?• "Why was such a Palestinian entity not Palestine scene was one of deserts with personalities of all political and reli­ fp'^olished before 1967? If the Palestinians nomads continually encroaching upon the few gious shades of Anglo-Jewry. There j^aily wanted a State of their own, why didn't settled areas and its Arab farmers. The on fk'^^ so between 1948 and 1967? They were peasants wallowed in poverty and disease, has never been an equaUy represen­ inundated by debt (interest rates at times tative list of this kind. an^ '"^y were in Jordan ?—why didn't they try were as high as 60 per cent), and threatened The success of the scheme depends ""o set up their entity?" by warlike nomads or neighbouring clans. The on the co-operation of all sections of ^^ndeed, an answer to this question was result was neglect of the soil, flight from the the community, and the AJR was bant'^ given. Neither Jordan, then on both villages and a mounting concentration of lands among those major organisations Pon 1 °^ ^^^ River Jordan with a Palestinian in the hands of a small number of large land PUlation of over 1 million, nor Egypt which owners, frequently residing in Beirut, Damas­ which were called upon immediately ^."-cupied the Gaza Strip with its 400,000 Pales- cus, Cairo or Kuweit. the appeal was launched. We know ^^lans, cherished the idea of giving up even The Palestine peasants were dispossessed that, as an integral part of Anglo- ^ "Ich of their sovereignty for something they by the local sheikhs and the village elders, Jewry, those who found a new home j^^.^ Hot sure existed, namely a Palestinian the Government tax-collectors, the merchants, in this country will wish to be asso­ money lenders, and when they were tenant- ciated with the scheme. Whilst it is alestine as a political unit ceased to exist farmers, as was usually the case, by the ab­ our usual policy to refrain from the niorf ^^^ Roman conquest of the Jewish com- sentee owners. Most of the Jewish land enclosure of appeals in our periodical, nwealth and, having been part of Syria, purchases involved tracts belonging to absen­ we therefore decided that this unique ^^^ restored by the British in 1917 as a politi- tee-owners. At the turn of the century the cause calls for an exception. j unit for the specific purpose of establishing large Yezreel Valley, now dotted with numerous a p^^^\ National Home. The Arab concept of villages, settlements and townlets, virtually When sending in their contributions Tea ^. ^^''^ian national entity arose only as a belonged to two individuals: the Eastern part to the Jewish National Fund, mem­ '^"on to the Balfour Declaration. "In vari­ to the Turkish Sultan—the Western to the bers should mark the accompanying ous n " richest banker in Syria, Sursuk "The Greek". pay slips with the initials "AJR". In the ^^^°tiations with the Arabs in regard to Most of the land purchased had not been this way the AJR will qualify for a gj.;,,territory liberated from the Turks, the farmed before, because it was swampy, rocky, plaque to be installed in the Forest. Syri' "^^^^ faced with demands for a Greater sandy or regarded as "uncultivatable" for some If possible, contributions should be nevp^' ^ Kingdom of Hedgaz, an Arab State, other reason. This is supported by the findings sent to the JNF by the end of this Mar' ^^^ ^^ independent Palestine ", writes of the Palestine Royal Commission, 1937: "The Ja« Syrkin ("The Palestinians", Midstream, Arab charge that the Jews have obtained too month. ll^^' 1970). large a proportion of good land cannot be A. S. DRESEL, W. ROSENSTOCK, tion ^ ^^^^ en'visaged by the Balfour Declara- maintained. Much of the land now carrying Chairman. General Secretary. (QJ had been approximately 3 per cent of the orange groves was sand dunes or swamps or ^fitis.«ehr Turkish provinces but at the time the uncultivated when it was purchased. . . ." ofp".^ tooto k0. 8ove per r thcene Mandatt througe hi n th1922e partitio, it hadn In those rare instances where Arab tenant- by the Government. The remainder refused jQj.j^^^stine, due to the establishment of Trans- farmers were displaced as a result of Jewish because they had found employment elsewhere ^^aan east of the river. When in 1948 Israel land purchases, compensation in cash or other or were not accustomed to the conditions and Hij. ^stablished, the area had further dimi- land was made as required by the 1922 Pro­ the climate of the new areas. (See also "Land Stat^ to 0,5 per cent. Six independent Arab tection of Cultivators Ordinance. Often, the Ownership in Palestine 1880-1948" by the Sqj,^^ had emerged on an area of li million Jewish land-buying bodies paid more than Israel Academic Committee on the Middle Stgf'^^ miles, as compared with the Jewish stipulated by the law. Between 1920 and 1930, East). •^te on 3QQQ square miles, of 688 such tenants 526 remained in agricul­ Displacement of Arabs on a major scale the p ^sties published in 1937 in the Report of tural occupation, some 400 of them finding took place in 1948, and to some minor extent Pjj. ,^°yal Commission indicate that after the other land (Palestine Royal Commission, 1937). again in 1967, and much has been said and OoyA World War Palestine, traditionally a According to the report of this Commission, written about the refugees—whether they of A y ^{ Arab emigration, became a country the total number of applications for admission went on their own accord to seek their fortune total ^'^ immigration. There are no precise to the register of landless Arabs was 3,271. in the neighbouring countries; whether they •'^rah °^ ^^^ extent of the—^mainly illegal— Of these, 2,607 had been disallowed on the were misled by their leaders who promised War I'^^^'^Sration between the two World ground that they did not come within the them speedy victory once they were out of oijgf^.it was estimated that by 1939 at least category of landless Arabs. Valid claims were the way; or whether they were driven out by Com ^^^ of the Arab population were new- recognised in the case of 664 heads of families, the Israelis, or by their own fears: probably ""s; by 1947 their proportion reached al­ of whom 347 accepted the offer of resettlement Continued on page 2, column 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION December, 1972

AFTER MUNICH ISRAELIS, PALESTINIANS, ARABS Statement by Zentralrat Continued from page 1 Minister of Communications, one of the On October 22 the Directorium of th^ younger Labour leaders said: "Eliav wants to "Zentralrat" of the Jews in Germany held a a combination of all four factors comes nearest produce a kind of Balfour Declaration of the meeting in Munich. The main subject was the to the truth. Considering that the Gennan Palestinians. I have yet to hear of any Pales­ situation of the Jewish community in Gerroany Federal Republic succeeded in absorbing 13 tinian putting forward such a request. The in the light of the Munich tragedy, especially million refugees from the East, the complete as far as the security of its members was con­ Palestinians, contrary to Eliav's conception do cerned. At the suggestion of Dr. Josef Neu­ refusal of 50 million Arabs to integrate the not seek Jewish recognition of their entity. berger it was decided to prepare a documen­ one million Palestinians is, of course, a politi­ They want Israel which for them is Palestine, tation of terror acts connected with the Middle cal decision to keep the pawns of the conflict and they want all of it." East problem. The directorium also unani­ before the eyes of the world. All the more However, much as the two Jewish concepts mously decided to express its recognition ap" regrettable is the lack of action on the part of such a State differ on principle, actually gratitude to Federal Minister of the Interior, of the Israeli Government which could have Hans-Dietrich Genscher, because he not only they only diverge in form, not in substance. offered himself as a hostage but also went done in five years what the Arabs failed to On the one hand Israel and "Greater Jordan"; into the rooms occupied by the terrorists i" do in 19 years—i.e., try their resettlement. on the other Israel, Jordan and Palestine: in order to find out whether the hostages were With the help of international loans and both cases the territories conceded to the Arab still alive. Expressions of thanks and apprecia­ agencies, it would have been possible to dis­ side—the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, the East tion were also conveyed to the Bavarian solve some of the dismal camps, to set up Bank—were part of historic Palestine, till 1948 Minister of the Interior, Dr. Bruno Merk, tne farming communities and new industries and and 1922 respectively. It is the area where the former Munich Lord Mayor, Dr. Jochen Vogel' to disperse the refugees in the areas of the and the Munich President of Police, Dr. Mai^ majority of Palestinians now live and which fred Schreiber, paying special tribute to the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and Northern represents five-sixths of the territory originally police operating under his control. Sinai—^admittedly not an easy task, as the set aside by the Balfour Declaration for a indoctrinated camp inmates would have been Jewish National Home. The two diverse Israeli Release of Terrorists slow in co-operating, but a large pilot project views can easily be reconciled, but this is not might have paved the way. the problem. In an emergency meeting, held after the There is, however, a school of thought which The problem is that neither the withdrawal release of the three Arab terrorists, the ao- maintains—without making light of the human of Israeli forces from Sinai and Gaza, nor their ministrative board of the "Zentralrat" decide" misery involved—that there is no Palestinian evacuating the West Bank, nor their rescinding to express its concern to the Federal Chancel­ refugee problem altogether. If the Palestinians lor and the Bavarian Prime Minister at tne all territories won in the Six-Day War would haste with which the German authorities gave form only part of a larger Arab nation—as satisfy the demands of the Palestinian activists. way to the demands of the hijackers. At tne the Arab nationalists say—their moving from They don't think in terms of regaining Nablus, same time, the Zentralrat raised the question one Arab land to the other would not make Hebron and Ramallah, they lay claim on Jaffa, of whether the Federal Government aw them fugitives and exiles, but people who Haifa and Ramie ; they don't care about Sharm Lufthansa intended to continue to fly ci^| seek shelter within the family. The guerrillas el Sheikh, but about Tel Aviv; they don't aircraft to countries which are making it po=' justify the existence of their bases in Lebanon want a Palestine side by side with Israel but sible for terrorists to commit air piracy. and Syria with the same argument, namely a Palestine urithout Israel, a Palestinian State Replying to the protests against the re^eas^ that the Arabs are one nation and therefore in which Jews, Christians and Moslems would of the three Arab terrorists, spokesmen of tne have the right to use each other's territories Federal German Government declared t^^ live according to the democratic dogma " one there had been no room for negotiations. " Tn« interchangeably. "The mobility of the Arabs man, one vote " and where Jews thus would hijackers had very exact and detailed instruc­ as refugees or guerrillas within Jordan, be relegated to a minority—presumably in tions", said the Federal Minister of Transpofi' Lebanon and Syria, strikingly indicates the conditions not dissimilar to those of the Jews Lauritz Lauritzen. " They had either to secure strength of Arab nationalism and the tenuous of Iraq and Syria. the release of the terrorists or to blow up tne character of the Palestinian attachment except aircraft". Lufthansa chairman. Dr. Herber as political tactics against Israel", writes Marie The cla.'ih of " two wrongs or two rights " Culmann, said that in the course of time i Syrkin. The youth born in Lebanon or Syria is still far from being settled. had become increasingly clear that every is taught that the Arabs are one people whose minute counted, otherwise the fate of tn" lands were cut up by the imperialists. But passengers would have been sealed. < RETIREIWENT OF NORTH RHINE MINISTER In a resolution passed by the Board o even if according to this Arab concept the Deputies of British Jews, the British Govern­ Palestinian nationalism is illogical and contra­ OF JUSTICE, DR. NEUBERGER ment was called upon to take a lead in poy dictory, "the lad is alive and kicking, and Dr. Josef Neuberger, who recently attained cotting airfields and passenger lines of nation calling him bastard will not exorcise him". the age of 70, retired as Minister of Justice who harbour or assist in any way terrorisi The Palestinians had two historic oppor­ of the Land North Rhine-Westphalia. He had and hijackers. tunities to set up their own State, and each been in charge of this office for five years. Born in Antwerp, Dr. Neuberger came to HIGH CIVIL SERVANT'S NAZI time they failed to do so. The first offer was Germany as a child. Before 1933 he was extended in 1937 in the partition proposal by active in the Social Democratic Party. After DISSERTATION the Royal Commission which offered to the the November, 1938, pogroms he emigrated Der Spiegel, the West Gennan news m^^^ Arabs 75 per cent of Palestine's territory. The to Palestine and settled in Naharia. He re­ zine, has accused Mr. Heinz Schulz, the bea second chance came in 1947 when the United turned to Germany after the war. In recog­ of the personnel department of the L^^.^, Nations in November voted in favour of an nition of his services he was awarded the Saxony Ministiy of Justice, of writing a P'^f Arab and a Jewish State in Palestine, the Ribbon of the Grand Federal Cross of Merit with Star. President Heinemann paid special Nazi dissertation on the legal status " country's area almost equally divided between tribute to Dr. Neuberger's constructive work " Jewish mongrels " in 1938. j J the two. On September 23, 1948, in the then in the field of penal reform. Dr. Neuberger The paiper stated that Mr. Schulz had sai" Egypt-controlled Gaza Strip a Government in is also a member of the Directorium of the that his personal opinion had not had aw Exile for the whole of Palestine was set up, Zentralrat of the Jews in Germany and chair­ practical influence on the situation of tn with the Mufti of Jerusalem, Amin el Husseini, man of the Board of the Duesseldorf Jewish Jews during the Nazi period. However, tn community. dissertation had been a mistake which n as President and Ahmed Hilme, of Haifa, as deeply regretted. Premier. Not even the Gaza Strip as such benefited from their "govemment", and after a slow disintegration, the "Cabinet" was dis­ solved in 1952 at the behest of the Arab League. Nevertheless, there are groups in Israel who advocate the establishment of a Palestinian Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. State side by side with Israel and Jordan. The most vociferous of their advocates is the for­ Bankers mer Secretary-General of the Israel Labour Party, Arie Eliav, M.K. He postulates that Israel should declare that it is willing to give BASILDON HOUSE, 7^11 MOORGATE, E.C.2 up part of its lands and that it recognises the historic claim of the Palestinians who have Telephone: 01-600 8151 been inhabiting these lands for centuries, to have their own sovereign State—on the West Telex: London 885822 Bank, in Gaza and, if they wish so, also on the East Bank (at present Jordan). Shimon Peres, AJR INFORMATION December, 1972 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLOJVDAICA Marriage and Fertility COMBATING TERRORISM ASSISTANCE TO UGANDANS The latest figures produced by the statisti­ The Queen's Speech at the opening of cal and demographic research unit of the Appeal for Financial Help Board of Deputies show a steady decline in J'arliament promised that the British Govern­ the number of synagogue marriages. During ment would " CO operate with other Govern- The Relief Fund, referred to in our previous 1971 a total of 3,730 people were married neats " in combating international terrorism. issue, has now been established as a charitable ,,, ^'So promised that the Government would in synagogue—a drop of 37 per cent, com­ work for peace in the Middle East, trust under the chairmanship of Lord Sains- pared with 1970. During the same year the bury. The Government is giving £50,000 to the number of Jewish burials was slightly higher vr^he Government, through the United than the comparative figures for 1970 ,?ations International Civil Aviation Organisa- fund, and £9,000 has been received from pri­ and 1969. 'on. is considering a convention on sanctions vate sources. The aim of the fund is to help Another study among 700 Jewish mothers ?L^Jinst States which fail to deal adequately refugees who cannot get help from any other who gave birth in 1970 showed that their .,"11 hijackers and similar criminals within source. The money will be used to provide fertility, as measured by the number of chil­ meir jurisdiction. furniture and household equipment for un­ dren, was one-fifth lower than in the general population. AJEX DOCUMENTATION CENTRE furnished council houses, to meet education costs, and to provide tools for craftsmen. Education Levy - The Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen The target of the appeal is £250,000 plus. We t"'* Women is to set up a research centre are sure that AJR members will welcome this The United Synagogue has now decided " document the activities and identity of opportunity of rendering help to people who, to institute a levy of £2 50 per annum on jjery antisemitic or anti-Jewish group operat- like ourselves, had been forced to leave their all male members, to go to the London j^ g m Britain. The information obtained will country of residence and who are faced with Board of Jewish Religious Education. This to iP'^hlished regularly and made available will enable the London Board to rescind its the police authorities and the press, difficulties in settling down similar to those controversial fee paying scheme, which has ham ^^^ Ajex conference, held in Birming- we had to experience at the time of our been the cause of many protests from *m. an urgent plea was made to the com- arrival as refugees. Donations should be sent parents and others. If approved, the levy will operate until the US has overhauled its own tiotii!n? .y for continued calmness and modera­ to: Uganda Asian Relief Fund, Barclays Bank, in the face of considerable provocation. Millbank, London, S.W.l. organisational and financial structure. str community knew that iii times of The decision is a delaying measure only Wonj the Board of Deputies and Ajex Statement by Board of Deputies and does not mean that the US has given Wav ^^ ^^ ^^^ safety valve in a responsible up the principle of parental contributions Was ^^^ ^° co-operation with the police. It towards the maintenance of Hebrew and ear ^'^Portant, however, that Ajex, as the The Board of Deputies has expressed religion classes. Ujyp.^nd eyes of the community, should know abhorrence at the expulsion of Asians from cent ^9^^ about the terrorists. The research Uganda, and has called on Jewish organisa­ Law Chair at Bar-Han cont ^u '^ *^^ stated, would make a great tions and individuals to assist them in their of |pbution to improving the effectiveness settlement here. After consultations with The establishment of a Chair in Jewish riot ^ association's activities in the field of specialist organisations such as the Central Law at Bar-llan University, Israel, in the defence. British Fund and with a representative of the name of the Chief Rabbi, Dr. Immanuel Asian community, it has been decided that Jakobovits, has been assisted by more than LINCOLN MYSTERY PLAY no separate and specifically Jewish body is £70,000. At a dinner in London the urgent required. All help should be channelled need for the Chair was emphasised by Pro­ tor • F®^^ C- Sandberg, of Los Angeles, direc- through existing national agencies. fessor Arnold Enker, dean of the Yaacov We"garete Susman (1872-1966; she would have where he became chief editor of the satirical then a member of government and later on jj~^n a hundred years old last October), whom periodical " Simp ". He arrived in the U.S.A. several times Premier and Speaker in Par­ i^ddressed as "My Sister". Margarete Susman in 1940 and quickly succeeded in re-establish­ liament, threatened to resign if the Jews ^^u great admiration for Wolfskehl but a some- ing himself as a journalist. He wrote for New were deported. Stiller also gained the support York Times, Herald Tribune, Nation and Auf­ of the very influential Finance Minister j,"3t ambivalent relationship to him, which bau. After the war he became the U.S.A. ^^ described' as a mixture of anxiety, respect, correspondent to the Frankfurter Rundschau Vaino Tanner, who, like Fagerholm, was a j^^ipassion and disturbance. To her (as to and Basler Nationalzeitung. His books Social-Democrat. Thanks to his indefatigable p J^y others) he appeared as a complex split include " Suicide of Democracy " (1942 ; about efforts at the critical hour all endangered de ?l^ty of an overwhelming, somehow the collapse of France) and " The Hidden persons were saved with the exception of in '^^'uic character. She refers to their meeting Enemy" (1943; about German Nationalism.) seven or eight who were deported on Novem­ pj 'Switzerland in 1934, when the two became ber 6, 1942, to Tallinn (Estonia) under the g sely involved through innumerable daily doubtful pretext of having infringed the (,|j^°'^uters and exciting conversations, mostly rationing laws. Only one of them survived. yj,j?L^rned with the Jewish catastrophe and Stiller kept up all his contacts because he Xjji ^^^ perpetual enigma of Jewish destiny, was convinced that new Nazi threats, at least p.^^ experience forms the background to this OUNBEE-COMBEX-MARX to foreign Jews, would follow. Finally a solu­ "-orrespondence.z tion of this problem was brought about by a secret agreement between tihe Finnish Presi­ bei .^ are only five letters from Susman, all LTD. dent, Risto Ryti, and the Reich Foreign Mini­ ^^oging to a late period; one written in ster, Joaohim von Ribbentrop. The foreign Ijgj^.^st, 1939, on the eve of war, when Wolfs- Jews were permitted to leave for Sweden. aftjB *^ already in New Zealand, the others lett ^^® *^^ (1946-1948). Wolfskehl's 17 Stiller systematicaUy applied the principle fj.^^'s. on the other hand, start directly of "nipping things in the bud". This is why Igg^ their conversations in Switzerland in he prevented under very difiicult cir­ 193^ ^^^ extend to his stay in Italy during cumstances the dissemination of poisonous and 1936, ending with one letter antisemitic literature, inter alia a translation *ritt,;^ n on the boat in sight of the Australian Dunbee House into Finnish of the "Protocols of the Elders ^?astjjZ^'- 7in 1938, and a last one from Auckland, of Zion". This intrepid fighter dared again l93ft\ ^°^^mber, 1938 (or 1939—more likely 117 Great Portland Street, and again to enter the offices of the Hnnish ^ck *^^° '^® P°®' ^^^ definitely turned his State Police and even those of the Gestapo. * on a Europe where, as he explained, all London, W.l He even had the courage to tell a prominent 1 |„ . German liaison official that he would be Botni^Jier M&moifs " Ich habe viele Leben geleW " judged by his deeds on the day of reckoning. J wed by ttie Leo Baeck Institute, DVA StuttO'rt, 1964. i*'ei«« Wolfskehl, Margarete Susman : Briefe. Ein- The man understood the hint and helped ac­ 'fsor' ^^"^ herausge^ben von Margot Rutjen. In : Castrum cordingly. Later on Stiller intervened on his •~-Tlta^'"' .Cll-Clll Ar«terdam Postbox 645 (October 1972). 'ctiivo '^'"^® of this corresponderice are kept m the Tel. 01-580 3264/0878 (P.B.X.) behalf. 'es of the leo Baeck Institute in New York.

I^CHSTEIN STEI^fWAY BLUTHNER Grams: FLEXATEX LONDON, STAMPS ••inest selection reconditioned PIANOS GERMANY AND TERRITORIES Always interested in purchasing TELEX. Bought and sold. Mall only. No caKcrt OI*«M. well-preserved Instruments, JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. INT TELEX 2-3540 PETER C. RICKENBACK 142 Edgware Road, W.2 14 Reulyn HIII. London. NWI IPT. Tol: 01.4SS OUI Tel,: 723 8818/9. 2i years of Philatelic experience Page 6 AJR INFORMATION December, 1972 BIRTHDAY TRIBUTES TO RABBI DR. GEORG SALZBERGER In paying tribute to Rabbi Dr. Georg Salzberger on the occasion of his 90th birthday the AJR takes pride in the fact that he has been associated with it since its inception 31 years ago, when the founder-members invited him to join the Board of the organisa­ tion. It added lu.stre to our standing that a personality of his calibre identified himself with our aims. Yet this formal connection has also resulted in continvxms co-operation. There was hardly a Board meeting which he did not attend, arid whenever ques­ tions arose which were loithin the province of his experience, we had the benefit of his constructive contributions to the debate. For some years Dr. Salzberger has particularly indebted himself to us by his regular visits, together loith his wife, to the Homes. It is difficult to express in words what these visits mean to the residents. They bring light, joy and spiritual encouragement to a group of people whose everyday lives are, in many cases, uneventful and lonely, and his informal talks make them aware oj the values of their Jewish heritage. Equally, the members of the AJR Club gratefully record his cordial addresses on the occasion of Jevnsh festivals. The same understanding which marks his gatherings with the old also enables him to find his way into the hearts and minds of the young. When, on the initiative of the late Dr. Alfred Wiener, the " Arbeitskreis 1961" was founded to establish contacts with young Germans in this country, Dr. Salzberger became a member of the Committee, now working under the chairmanship of Mr. Herbert Sulzbach. Almost every annual programme includes a talk by him on Jewish historical and religious questions. To judge the impact he makes on members of the generation which was born after the end of the " Third Reich ", one must have witnessed the dignified and, at the same time, easy way in which, without notes, he delivers his illuminating lectures, amplified by concise answers at question time. Within the Jewish fold, Dr. Salzberger has also been associated with B'nai B'rith for over sixty years; he is a Past President of the Frankfurt Lodge and of the Leo Baeck (London) Lodge. Last, but not least, the congratulants include members of the Club 1943, whose Monday meetings at Hannah Karminski House he frequently attends as a speaker or as a listener to other lecturers. A man of many parts, Dr. Salzberger is at the same time a harmonious personality, the facets of which are described j in the following two contributions. The feelings expressed by Dr. Eva Reichmann are shared by all those in our midst who know Dr. Salzberger, and we consider it a particular privilege that the author, Albrecht Goes, known to many of us particularly by his work "Das Brandopfer ", also agreed to write a tribute to his personal friend, Dr. Salzberger.—W.R.

Eva G. Reichmann It needed a devout and devoted, but above comparable to the conservation of Sephardic all a courageous personality to undertake such rites by the former Spanish and Portuguese A GREAT SPIRITUAL LEADER a venture. Not only was the number of people Jews after their expulsion from their home­ " Let us now praise great men." The word on whom he could count small; not only were lands. Even if, owing to deep-rooted differences from the apocryphal book of Ecclesiasticus the times as adverse as possible to a new in the secular conditions of the surrounding forces itself upon our minds as we brace our­ beginning, the material means as good as non- civilisation, the New Liberal venture should selves to pay tribute to a man we revere and existing. But the very uniqueness of the new not be given the century-long permanence oi cherish more than words can express. Rabbi congregation among the different shades of the Sephardic congregations, it may already D® Dr. Georg Salzberger will complete his 90th religious persuasion in this country made it said today that, by the challenge it posed to the year on December 23. Let us then try to praise time-honoured ways of observance in this coun­ him with all the warmth and devotion we can try, it has enriched British Jewry. Rigidity ^ muster on this occasion of grandeur and hardly ever to be avoided without, from time solemnity. to time, some wholesome provocation. . Rabbi Dr. Salzberger was born as the son After his retirement from the New Libe^' of a rabbi in the German province of West Jewish Congregation, Dr. Salzberger did W Prussia in 1882 from where the family no means retire from new liberal Jewish wprK- moved to Erfurt. He studied at the He remained active in numerous corporation* Hochschule fur die Wissenschaft des Juden­ in which he continued to foster a constructive tums in Berlin and at the University of Jewish Liberalism firmly built on Jewish Heidelberg, where he took his degree as a knowledge and devotion. If anybody contri­ Doctor of Philosophy with a thesis on " The buted to destroy the misapprehension tbaj Solomon Saga in Semitic Literature". From Liberalism was a product of indifference, "* 1910 up to the dark days of 1939 he served the wish to recede from exacting religions as a rabbi to the then famous and prosperous duties, it was Dr. Salzberger. His liberal fer­ congregation of Frankfurt a.M. It grew to vour was bent on strengthening rather thaij become " his " congregation, close to his heart enfeebling Judaism, but on strengthening ?^ and still the object of his grateful and — we along the lines of legitimate evolution. It ^* hope — proud memories up to the present day. his passionate conviction that Judaism is ^ Its history which he fathered and furthered living entity and therefore not only capaWe with affectionate loyalty is still awaiting of, but in need of change and stimulation. T<> publication. Beyond being a historical documen­ fight shy of development would, in Dr. SaW' tation of what was once the greatness of berger's opinion, be tantamount to the abdica­ German Jewry, it will not in the last resort tion of Judaism as a living organism. be an enduring memorial to Dr. Salzberger's [rhoio Jewisn Cnroniole own achievements. True to the same youthful spirit of looking The Archbishop of Canterbury congratulates hopefully forward to the future without betray­ In this country where he eventually found Dr. Salzberger on the Award of the Buber- ing any message of the past. Dr. Salzberge* refuge with his wife and family, he acquired Rosenzweig Medal was among the first who committed themselves renown primarily as the founder and rabbi to re-establish relations with the new Federal of the New Liberal Jewish Congregation, that a leap into the dark. True, it was given shelter Germany after the Nazi defeat. This was pr^ community established by refugees from Nazi within the Liberal Jewish Synagogue of Great cisely in keeping with the courage display^ _ oppression who gathered to uphold all that Britain, but the affiliation, apart from being in Jewish community life, for it was coura­ had been best in the Jewish progressive move­ a token of solidarity by the late Miss Lily geous, non-conformist and constructive. It ** ment in Germany. In its image he created Montagu, has never been much more than also liable to be misunderstood by all those its services, put his personal seal on its activi­ an organisational one. The New Liberal—now too deeply wounded to be as yet able to revise ties and acted as its distinguished and beloved Belsize Square—Synagogue remained spiritu­ past attitudes. That public opinion has, in the Rabbi for 17 years. He " upheld the dignity of ally independent and determinedly dissimilar meantime, gradually rallied to his views may defeat" in the meaning of this pertinent from both the Orthodoxy, still the prevailing be felt by Dr. Salzberger as a welcome con­ phrase coined for the fellow-Jew Dr. Carl factor in British-Jewish life, and the Liberal firmation of his early convictions. But let us Melchior and the part he played at the Peace and Reform synagogues from which it differs make no mistake: had it turned out differently Conference in 1919 in Versailles by the mem­ by its strong emphasis on traditionalism. By he himself would have taken little notice. B ber of the British Delegation, John Meynard thus handing down a venerable German-Jewish would not have wavered or faltered, but P^' Keynes. creation from our ancestors to posterity, it is sued the course he had adopted under tne AJR INFORMATION December, 1972 Page 7 command of his moral conscience even in the Albrecht Goes face of continued opposition. What Dr. Salzberger achieved in Germany Oy his lectures, his sermons, his broadcasts, DIE FUELLE GELEBTEN LEBENS JUS very presence, can never be adequately ^ssessed. From a personal experience, that is 1st es indiskret, davon zu sprechen ? Aber nicht einfach ; vieles konnte nicht einfach sein, to say from a chance meeting with him on his nein. Es ergab sich so im Gesprach, draussen kann nicht einfach sein. J turn from one of these strenuous journeys, in der Londoner Vorstadt bei den grossen Auch der Weg von Kulm iiber Erfurt, Berlin j_ can only testify that he looked radiantly Baumen in Salzbergers Garten, dass der und Heidelberg, iiber Frankfurt, Verdun und ^VPy, indeed rejuvenated, if this description Verehrte die Bilder beibrachte, wenige aus der —Dachau nach England war es nicht. Sie *cre at all applicable to his ageless serenity. Feuervernichtung von 1938 gerettete Stiicke ; bewahren, zusammen mit der Gefahrtin, mit *rom the expression of his face and his enthu­ Photographieen von den Voreltern, von den den Kindern und Kindeskindern, was fiir siastic account it was not difficult to size up Kindern, von ihm selbst. Georg Salzberger Dornenhecken am Weg wuchsen, welche Steine g^^ Impression he had made on those present 1910, im Anfang der Frankfurter Rabbinatszeit, im Weg lagen ; aber Sie bewahren noch viel °t his lectures. Not long ago he was honoured und dann Salzberger 1960, 1970. Und ich mehr dies: dass, riickschauend, ein Ganzes °y the award of the Buber-Rosenzweig Medal sagte: da waren Sie schon immer ; aber erst sichtbar wird. Was wollte ich ? So werden Sie presented by the Co-Ordinating Committee for jetzt, auf dem Weg ins Neunzigste, sind Sie —riickschauend—fragen. Ich wollte ein Lehrer ewish-Christian Cooperation in Germany in an ganz da. Alles war auf Steigerung angelegt, sein, ein "guter Jude ", ein Rabbiner in Nach­ ct of sublime grandeur. He was also awarded und was fiir ein Klimax ist nun Ereignis folge Melchisedeks und Aarons, aus Hillels ^"e Grand Cross of Merit with Star, the highest geworden! Sie lachten ein wenig iiber diesen Verwandtschaft, beschenkt mit der Sorgfalt ''istmction of the German Federal Republic. Hymnenanfang des Jiingeren ; es war das gute des Maimonides. Ich wollte, dass sie in % no means, however, was Dr. Salzberger's Lachen, das Lachen im Guten und zum Guten, Frankfurt iiber dreissig Jahre hin ihr "Mah ork after his so-called retirement restricted das Ihnen die Welt erschlossen hat; aber dann nischtanah " fragen lernten, und im Londoner 0 the new understanding with Christians and wollten Sie's genauer wissen : Klimax—wohin ? Exil—wieder dreissig Jahre lang—ihr " dieses Jahr Knechte / nachstes Jahr Freie / in Jeru­ ^.ermans. He kept, above all, faith with a Antvvort: in die Einfalt. Die Einfachheit— salem " bezeugen wiirden, und: dass sie ^^cle of friends in London who gather around so ist es doch: sie ist das Erste ; der Kinder- wussten, was sie da fragen und sagen. Vieles i!:!ni for regular courses of Bible lectures. schritt, das Kindertasten, das Kinderlacheln. sollte Raum haben ; die Ihnen Anvertrauten, Th^s, e Bible lectures actually defy description. Und sie ist das Letzte, das Hochste. Die die Frankfurter Studenten, die Horer im Th*, y are events. They are eagerly looked for- Vorahnung der Vollendung. Freien Lehrhaus auch—sie sollten vor grossen ^rd to by all the participants who arrive in " Und Gott sah an, was er geschaffen hatte, Tiiren stehen: Sophokles und Laotse, die sood time and in a happy state of expectancy. und siehe, es war sehr gut"—so steht es auf Iphigenie und die Zauberflote, Lear auf der hen they have taken their seats around a dem ersten Blatt im Tenach, und auf dem Heide und die Karamassows—alles sollte der ^i^gish table in the Hannah Karminski House, letzten, Maleachi 3 steht: " das Herz der erstaunende Sinn wahmehmen ; aber die Kraft Dr. and Mrs. Salzberger will arrive to join Vater wenden zu den Kindern und das Herz der Unterscheidung sollte machtig sein, zu theim . Then, after exchanges of friendly greet- der Kinder zu ihren Vatern." Beides ist aus wissen, dass im grossen Sch'ma durch das der Einfalt gesprochen. Dazwischen ist vieles Zeugnis adonai elohenu adonai aechad eine , gs, the tape-recorder is installed and the Ordnung gestiftet ist, die dauert. We begins. Is it, indeed, a lecture or is it ^^^^^rmon ? It is, in fact, a combination of both Sie waren, Verehrter, weise genug, darauf instructive and elevating at the same zu verzichten, alles zu wollen. Sie waren timto .n ^^lightening and moving. "When listening geduldig genug, nicht darauf zu verzichten, . Dr- Salzberger we do feel we are near a dieses Eine—ganz zu wollen. Nun hat sich °^tain of light": these words of the late Ihnen dieses Eine zu eigen gegeben. I .^t Chairman of his Congregation, The Hon. By appointment to Ein Wunsch fiir Georg Salzberger, den jjl y H. Montagu, are echoed in the hearts of H.M, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Confectioners Neunzigjahrigen ? Soil ich das altjudische to }^°^ present. And they do not only come Acl

SELF AID CONCERT BIRTHDAY TRIBUTES TO OUR This year's Self Aid concert in the Queen Elizabeth Hall took place on November 7. The artists were the Gabrieli String Quartet and VICE-CHAIRMAN the oboe virtuoso Evelyn Barbirolli. The well balanced programme consisted of works by MR. WERNER M. BEHR 70 A DEVOTED COMMUNAL WORKER Mozart and Ravel as well as by Verdi, whose name is usually associated with operas rather On December 31, Mr. Werner M. Behr, OBE, It is a pleasure to be able to welcome a new than with chamber music, and by the lesser will celebrate his 70th birthday. His appear­ and so worthy a member to the Septuagen­ known proficient composer Anton Reicha (1770- ance certainly belies his age and his energy arian Club. 1836). The recitals were of a high level, as and vigour enable him to cope with a vast Mr Werner Behr has been known to me was only to be expected by musicians of this amount of professional and communal respon­ since shortly after his arrival in this country, standing, and greatly enjoyed by the audience. sibilities. first of all in the City and somewhat later in communal work in connection with former Self Aid concerts are, however, to be con­ Success was granted to him at an early age, refugees. As a result of the successful func­ sidered not only as musical events. Without when, due to his outstanding ability, he be­ tioning of the Jewish Trust Corporation a belittling the actual performance, it is evident came "Prokurist" of the N. Israel department substantial sum of money became available that the interval also has a specific function- store in Berlin. We may assume that his Jew­ for former Nazi victims in need of help. This It serves as a reunion between people who ish commitment also started in the Spandauer fund is administered by a special Allocations might otherwise have lost sight of each other- Strasse. The personality of Wilfrid Israel, Committee of the Central British Fund on Notwithstanding the gradual integration into marked by a spirit of unsurpassable humanism which Committee the AJR has three repre­ the environment these annual gatherings re­ and unreserved loyalty to Jewry and Judaism, sentatives. Mr. Behr has made a notable con­ affirm the close bonds which still persist within was bound to leave its impact on everybody tribution to the work of this Committee. His a group whose members have been shaped who was associated with him. Together with colleagues have learned to respect his sound by a common background and had to exper­ Wilfrid, he stayed at the helm of the enter­ views which are invariably expressed in the ience a common fate. prise until 1939, courageously facing all the modest way that is characteristic of the man. In the early days, it was the privilege "t dangers which the work entailed under the I am glad to have this medium to convey Nazi regime. The fact that even old-established those who had skipped the bedsitter stage to my congratulations and good wishes. It is my provide the audience for the Self Aid concerts- families like the Israels had to experience the hope that for very many more years Mr. Behr Jewish destiny of insecurity has certainly also In the course of time, this stratification within will enjoy good health and vigour so that he the community of former refugees has levelled determined his devotion to Jewish and, espec­ can continue to devote some of his time to ially Zionist, causes. itself out. Those who had an easy passage and the cause that is so dear to him. those who first had to struggle hard now jointly Though he arrived in this country only a H. OSCAR JOSEPH. create the specific. Continental based atmos­ few months before the outbreak of the Second phere of the concerts. At the same time, the World War, he soon established for himself a change of venue from Wigmore Hall to Queen position of trust as a financial adviser. At the CELEBRATION IN IVIANCHESTER Elizabeth Hall and the sale of tickets also to same time, he increasingly participated in Jew­ the members of the general public obviate the ish activities. One of the main beneficiaries 25th Anniversary of Morris Feinmann Home risk of claustrophobia or parochial isolation. has been the AJR. He became a member of its Executive as long ago as 1946, and its On November 12 a 25th anniversary cele­ Last but not least, the proceeds from the Vice-Chairman in 1963. His counsel has been bration was held at Morris Feinmann Home, souvenir programme and the ticket sales enable invaluable not only in view of his great ex­ the oldest Home for elderly Jewish Refugees Self Aid to continue its financial support botH from Central Europe. Due to the foresight, to pre-war refugees who, due to adverse pC' perience and sound judgement, but also due courage and devotion of a number of AJR to his standing in the wider Jewish community. sonal circumstances, are still in need of helP members in Manchester, the Home was already and to others who came to this country f° One of his signal successes within the frame­ founded at a time, when the funds arising from the restituted heirless and communal recent years as the result of upheavals in work of the AJR has been the launching of property in Germany were not yet available. various parts of the Continent. The total sum the "Thank-You Britain" Fund. As chairman After modest beginnings in a converted private raised amounted to £6,480, and Self Aid h^* of the Appeal Committee he presided over house, the Home was later transferred to its to be congratulated on its success. ^•'^' the unforgettable ceremony at Saddlers Hall present purpose-built premises which excel by in 1965, when the Fund was presented to the their beautiful layout and provide every com­ British Academy. The link thus forged with fort for the 70 residents. Dr. F. H. Kroch, a the British Academy resulted in his appoint­ Trustee of the Home since its inception, paid ment as an OBE in 1971. Though this award tribute to the memory of the other founder- trustees no longer alive; Mr. Abel, Mr. Bochen­ HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN was certainly made ad hominem it is indirectly ek, Mr. Einstein, Dr. Friedlaender and Mr. Son­ also a recognition of the efforts of the AJR neborn. The specific position of those who came whose organisational strength was decisive for to this country as refugees was stressed by Mr. the success of the venture. John Simon, Chairman of the Management Com­ Specialist Shipper* Closely linked with Werner Behr's work mittee of the Home. The good wishes of the Manchester Jewish community were conveyed for the AJR are his work for the AJR Chari­ by Mr. Sidney Hamburger. Other speakers were table Trust and his services as Vice-President Miss Joan Stiebel (on behalf of the CBF), Dr. of the world-wide Council of Jews from Ger­ W. Rosenstock (who, together with Mr. Werner Fine Wines Unique Liqueurs many of which the AJR is the British con­ M. Behr represented the AJR), Dr. Feinmann stituent. (a son of the late Mr. Morris Feinmann), the Rev. F. Carlebach, and a resident of the Home. On behalf of bis colleagues on the AJR // jroff enjoy wines The trustees and management committee Executive, we extend our sincerest birthday members of Morris Feinmann Home can be write for our latest kee list wishes to our Vice-Chairman. proud of their fine achievement. A history of the Home will be published in one of our next A. S. DRESEL. W. ROSENSTOCK. issues which is full of fascinating information, maps, vintage reports Are you a flatlet-house owner? and charts, descriptions, wines If you are, why not re-furnish with the help of a for laying down leading distributor of contemporary British and Scandinavian furniture. HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN Charles Hoffner Limited 1, Crutched Friars, London, E.C.3 Showrooms: 146 West End Lane NW6 ISS Tel. 01-624 4841 Choose Hai/garten-C/ioose Fine Wines *-^R INFORMATION December, 1972 Page 9

"• G. Reissnt (Hamburg, Mai 1826). The personal affirmation Heine expressed therein ("that I love you quand meme") is as genuine as his verdict, printed later (in Ludwig Marcu.s. ON HEINE'S 175th BIRTHDAY Denkworte, 1844), wiiich accuses (jams of dereliction of self-assumed public duties for AJR Information has paid tribute to in 1835 for all of Germany). Apart from two the cause of Jewish regeneration. Or the Heine's genius and reported on Heineana short later visits, he never set foot on mood may be converted from jubilance—such '"cpeatedly over the years. It does so once German soil again. However, until uncle as in 1831, on his crossing the Rhine into sgain today so as to mark the 175th anniver- Salomon's death in 1844, he continued to France, the "Promised Land beyond River ^ry of Heine's birth, which occurred on receive a regular allowance from the latter. Jordan"—into retrospective resignation when, t^ecember 13, 1797. This, together with annual payments from in a conversation in 1854, he described him­ Erstwhile refugees from Hitler-Germany the "Disposition Fund" of the French Prime self as a "bird of the German forests, nesting °^y feel some sort of elective affinity Minister, 1836-1848, and remunerations and in Voltaire's Allonge wig". •^though not necessarily identification royalties from articles and books secured his Indeed, neither German, nor French, with—Heine on account of his threefold livelihood. After the uncle's death Heine neither Jew, nor Christian may claim Heine ^lenation; he became an exile from his battled with Salomon's son and heir, Karl, their own without reservation, though he ^•^ily, his religious community and his mainly so as to provide for the future of himself was positive as to where his (and a native country. Two daughters of his uncle "Mathilde", a French girl with whom he had few other "elects'") genuine roots lay. By j'slomon Heine rejected his love, while the consorted since 1834 and whom he had mar­ way of emotional identification, Heine's atter belittled the nephew's poetical mission. ried in 1841, on the eve of a duel, occasioned dharacterisation of Ohopdn (Ueber die Fran- «eine left the Jewish religious community by slanderous remarks in his memoir "On zosische Biihne, 10th letter) becomes ap­ ut of despair over its internal petrification Boerne". "Mathilde" accompanied her husband plicable to himself: "His true home country is 'Id its external inferior status. He fled his on his visit to Hamburg in 1843. Tolerantly, the dream-realm of poetry". ative country because political reaction uncle Salomon, then, remarked to his nephew: "your wife is a good Schicks'che". Taken up in consecutive order, Heine's ut­ *tifled his own convictions and line of action, terances on Jews and Judaism reflect a li u ^'^^ ^^y true exile, he never cut his For several years, Heine was Paris corres­ similar ambiguity. As a member of the Berlin unks with family. Jewish and German cultural pondent of Baron Cotta's Augsburger All­ Verein far Cultur und Wissenschaft der ^ckgrounds. To persevere under adverse cir- gemeine Zeitung. His day-to-day reports on Juden, 1822/3, Heine had hailed the project /•nistances was his existential problem, social, political and artistic currents were re­ of a coUective Jewish exodus from Europe to j*aich he himself described as Dichtermartyr- printed in collected editions. Apart from America. At the same time, he had started wm. Had he submitted to his family's wishes, readability, they have retained value as work on a novellette "The Rabbi of 0 the religious community's set-up and to source material for the era of "Citizen King" Bacherach", conceived originally as a hymn «°vernmental regulations, he might have Louis-Philippe. Heine also wrote extensive on medieval Jewish "martyrdom"; but when eeome one more adjusted, however in- essays on German literature, philosophy and it appeared, still in fragmentary form in Snificant, pillar of society, but never the religion for French periodicals. More than 1840, its third chapter introduced an ad­ sp^' .^^^ writer whose emotions and dreams eighty years after Heine's death, some of ditional character, Don Isaak Abarbanel, in eemingly gain in relevance and depth pro- these interpretations and warnings con­ whom a frivolous author portrayed none sTessively with the passage of time. tributed towards alerting Western opinion in other but himself. "D both his parents' sides Heine was des- regard to certain demonic aspects of Hitler- Germany. After his conversion, during his more re­ ^ided from families having resided in North laxed middle years, Heine had satirised L.^^t Germany for many generations. He From early days, Heine had complained Jewish as well as Christian "asceticism", ex­ iiself was bom in Dusseldorf. His relatives about headaches, eczema and other nervous Sired that he establish himself in business, disabilities. His health deteriorated pro­ tolling in its place the "Hellenic" cult of ^lerein he failed. His first, still quite in- gressively since 1840. In 1848, he became beauty. The "Marchese Gumpelino", a recent stinguished, rhymes appeared in a Hamburg afflicted with cramps, larangeal spasms and convert to Catholicism, and his valet Hirsch periodical. From 1819 to 1825 he was in- convulsions. Unable to move, Heine spent the Hyazinth, who had remained a Jew (Die anri as a student of law at Bonn, Berlin last eight years of his life in a literal "mat­ Bdder von Lu£ca, 1830) are felicitous crea­ Div?fi ^ottingen universities, though he tress grave". Yet, his mind fought back, and tures of Heine's satirical gift. In Lutetia anH • ^°^^ ^^°^ attending Germanistic his emotions attained heights of serene in­ (April 27, 1840), Heine caustically reports on JJ?" philosophical lectures. A first collection tensity. Throughout the years of physical in­ the banker. Baron Rothschild, and his an­ ,, Poems, two tragedies and a travelogue validity, Heine continued to produce political tagonist, Benoit Fould, "two famous finance vp Poland") were published during those and lyrical poetry. During his last months, rabbis". Qf^y^- Shortly before his promotion to doctor until death released him on February 17, In the final years of physical agony, Heine JJ. law in 1825 he converted to Christianity, 1856, a surprise lady-visitor—^whom Heine rediscovered the spiritual grandeur of the Puhr ^'^ ^^^ expectation that a career in called "The Mouche"—kept him company, Old Testament and, in particular, of Moses, Co 1^^ administration or academic teaching evoked his most spiritually haunting Ijrics. recipient of the Tablets of the Law. Heine's "Hebraic Melodies" (around 1850) are re­ Uld thus be secured. Political reaction In the process of maturing emotionally and ''^strated these hopes. plete with praises of the "Princess Sabbath" intellectually, Heine gradually perfected a and the poetic quality of "Haggada" in y in 1826, Heine established his life-long rela- personal style wherein intellectual aggression medieval Jewish literary production; how­ jj^^hip with the Hamburg publishers and emotional self-defence became in­ ever, included therein is also the poem "Dis­ offtnann & Campe. During the next five extricably linked. Such ambivalence may putation", whose climax is an assertion that ^ears, an enlarged Buch der Lieder and four originally have been imposed upon him by both contenders, the monk as well as the lumes of Reisebilder appeared. The latter force of circumstances, but it became more rabbi, "stink". ain^ ^ novel kind of writing, presenting run- and more his second nature. Towards the end "S accounts of the author's travels in Ger- of his life, in 1850, he himself rationalised it In this writer's judgement, Heine came Pol"t^' ^^^^ ^^^ England, shot through with in a conversation, saying: "... I cannot be perhaps closest to a definite expression of an g JJtical, philosophical and religious reflections submerged in any one party, be they Repub­ inner conviction, when (in On Ludwig Boeme, im .^tirical or admiring pen-portraits of licans or Patriots, Christians or Jews. I share end of the fourth book) he wrote: "... it is in ^^^'^'""y or real-life personalities, the latter this with all artists who do not write for entirely possible that the mission of this tin*^ -^^ Goethe and Napoleon. His reputa- moments of enthusiasm, but for centuries, tribe (i.e., the Jews) has not yet been fully "Y'^ with radicals, referred to collectively as not for one tribe, but for humanity. It would completed, and this may be particularly true sj/''^ug Germany", grew, as did apprehen- be absurd and petty had I ever been ashamed with respect to Germany . . . this German jj^ns on the part of the "Establishment", of being a Jew, as slander would have it, but Redeemer is perhaps the same for whom thp fi"^° Treitschke dubbed Heine "one of it would be equally ridiculous if I claimed to Israel, too, is waiting ... O, do not despair, _e five Oriental chorus leaders of 'Young be one". handsome Messiah, who art anxious to Lo'^any'" (together with Boerne, Gans, Occasionally, contradictions appearing in redeem not only Israel, as the superstitious ,j,^ewenthal-Loening and Rahel Varnhagen). his writings during different periods reveal a Jews fancy, but all suffering humanity! 0, do ann •^^•^' though, was quite cognizant and genuine change of emphasis, such as, relative not tear, ye golden chains! 0, keep him ^Preciative of Heine's literary and poetic to America, a transformation from praise of chained a while longer, lest he come pre­ st,j ' which was true also of otherwise hostile "liberty . . . the divine, the Washingtonian" maturely, the saving King of the Universe!". tesmen such as Metternich himself. ("On Poland", 1822) to despair: "0 Liberty, We unhesitatingly respond to the magic of fearf ^^^' ^^^n^ decided to leave for France, thou are a bad dream" ("On Ludwig Boerne", Heine's language and to the timeless appeal b^j. ^ of an impending governmental em- 2nd book, 1840). In other instances, the of some of his insights, including his plea for • Eo on his publications (which, indeed, conflict is laid to res-t in a sediment of quand patient confidence as it is expressed in the Serialised two years later for Prussia and meme, such as in his letter to Eduard (jams eidiortation just quoted. Page 10 AJR INFORMATION December, 19V2

Hans Jaeger Werner von und zu Gilsa. Then he was dis­ missed from the army. Fuerstner continued to serve nominally as second in command. When the games were over, a banquet was held, in IN MEMORY OF KURT HILLER which von Gilsa was credited with the suc­ Kurt Hiller died at the age of 87, after Freeden, he advocated, even "demanded", cess, and Fuerstner committed suicide. Ac­ tremendous suffering. Oedema of his legs, with assimilation, once more insisting on "all or cording to Mandell, afterwards slogans against pain which kept him sleepless for weeks, and nothing", until the chairman simply cut this "the Jew Fuerstner" were scrawled on the an operation for ulcers, which caused an enor­ disputation which had become a roundabout. deserted buildings of the village. mous loss of blood, were followed by pneu­ But later he fervently took his stand for Israel, Mandell also describes the heated discus­ monia, until an embolism of the lungs put an inspired especially by Dayan. He even dropped sions which preceded the games and in the end to this agony on October 1st. He stood his admiration for De Gaulle, when the General course of which wide sections of the American it bravely up to the last minute, with that sided with the Arabs. people propagated a boycott of the games in a strong wish to live which made him say shortly This was Kurt Hiller. Often he was misunder­ country which was governed by an authori­ before his death that he wanted to write four stood. People said of him that this strong hater tarian regime and persecuted her Jewish and more books and that never before had he been was without feelings. This is completely un­ "non-Aryan" citizens. so eager to complete a volume of aphorisms. true. He showed comradeship to all those who The insistence of the International Commit­ Everything about his abundant literary pro­ seemed in danger of being trapped in Czecho­ tee that Jews and "non-Aryans" should not be duction has been said on previous occasions slovakia shortly before and after that country's excluded from the German teams resulted in —from "Das Recht ueber sich selbst" and occupation. Before his death he said that to the participation of the ice hockey player. "Der Aufbruch zum Paradies" up to "Ratioak- have to survive so many people was the most Rudi Ball, and of the half-Jewish fencing ath­ tiv" and "Leben gegen die Zeit" and from ghastly thing to him. lete, Helene Mayer. She became a runner-up m "Zieljahrbuecher" up to "Weltbuehne" as well In spite of hatreds and obsessions, bombard­ fencing, being beaten by two other Jewesses. as about his activities—from "Rat geistiger ments of abuse and irreconcilability, contra­ Ilona Schacherer-Elek, of Hungary, and Ellen Arbeiter" and "Revolutionary Pacifists" before dictions and controversial assumptions (which Preis, of Austria. 1933 via the Group of Independent German were nevertheless stimulating), he was a The question of whether Jews should take Authors in London up to the "Neusozia- strong and impressive personality and re­ part in the games was also controversial among listischer Bund" in Hamburg. The philosophi­ mained so up to the last minute, a defiant the Jews themselves. WhUe quite a few Je** cal foundations of his attitude, activism, fighter even when death had him in its clutches. participated as members of their respective logocracy, rationalism, anti-egalitarianism, national teams, others declined, and the V^^f^' have been mentioned too. dent of the Maccabi World Union wrote the FLASHBACK TO 1936 What is left now is the general assessment following open letter to the president of the of this personality. Activism had its limitations. The Berlin Olympics Intemational Olympic Games: "I, in common This was the natural result of his theory of While the Munich massacre was first and with all other Jews and many non-Jews, loo* the elite, of his abhorrence of democracy, the foremost a tragedy for the Jewish people, it upon the state of affairs in Germany from the majority principle, the masses. The demand was also a severe blow for Germany. One of point of view of humanity and social decency- for domination of ratio which was to open the the hopes the German hosts had pinned on We certainly do urge aU Jewish sportsmen, way to paradise on earth did not prevent him the games was that the proceedings would for their own self-respect, to refrain from from paying tribute to irrational thinking on make the visitors from abroad aware of the competing in a country where they are dis­ various occasions and in many ways. His sym­ spirit prevailing in post-war Germany and thus criminated against as a race and our Jewisn pathies and antipathies, which often seemed help to eradicate the image created under the brethren are treated with unexampled brutal­ arbitary, could not be explained logically. They Nazi regime and, as far as the Olympics were ity." The president at the time was the late were not only caused by the elite idea, not concerned, manifested in the games held in Professor S. Brodetsky. only influenced by Nietzsche's superman but Berlin in 1936. Beyond the Jewish issue, the book contains also by a "Cult of the Person", by the "AU A recently published book on the BerUn meticulously compiled reports of the actual or Nothing" of the perfectionist who refuses Olympics of 1936^ carries interesting material sports events of the Berlin Olympics and ex­ to differentiate between night and shadow to on that event which also had some bearing amples of the inter-relation between sport anu reach a fair balance. Irrational was his inclina­ on those of us who stiU Uved in Germany at poUtics. W. ROSENSTOCB- tion to hatred against those who contradicted that time. The anti-Jewish measures were tem­ him (though he admitted exceptions). When porarily curbed. The inscriptions "Jews not POPE PIUS AGAIN CONDEMNED he felt that a thinker or writer who had be­ admitted" disappeared, and so did the come taboo was harmful, he was moved by a "Judenbaenke". Ten years after the appearance of RalP'' sacred zealousness which became an obses­ The book deals, among other things, with the Hochhuth's "The Representative", a 64-year' sion to the same extent as his campaign against paradoxical fact that one of the main repre­ old Dutch Jew, Sam Waagenar, makes toe Hegel. same accusations as Hochhuth. In his boOK. sentatives of the host country was a man of "The Ghetto on the Tiber", he attacks tne In the political field, we find many contra­ partly Jewish origin, Staatssekretaer Theodor "sUence" of Pius XII, the wartime Pope, an" dictions in him. This is a statement, not a Lewald.^ It was due to his efforts as chair­ his failure openly to condemn the Holocaus reproach. It may be inevitable with a strong man of the German Olympic Committee before and prevent the deportation of Rome's Jf^; personahty. The revolutionary pacifist was 1933 that Berlin was agreed upon as the venue As a journalist, Waagenar covered the litiei^ not actually a revolutionary, apart from his for the 1936 games. The International Olympic tion of Paris and the Nuremberg trials before thinking, and he quarrelled with most pacifists. Committee insisted that Lewald should re­ settling in Rome in 1946. ..i, There was even a slightly nationalistic note in main in office in spite of his "non-Aryan" The book, a history of "the oldest Jevn^n him, shown in his polemics against Poland origin. The Nazis gave in to some extent. community in the West", in 41 chapters, m^ „£ before 1933, though he accepted the Oder- an historical journey from the destruction " Though replacing him as chairman by Jerusalem by Titus through Papal Rome uni" Neisse Une long before others soon after 1945. Reichssportfuehrer von Tschammer and Osten, the Holocaust. The Jews survived it all an There was a nationaUstic motive, too, when he they kept him as "adviser", and it was Lewald "they were stiU there in June, 1944, when said during the Second World War that Hit­ who delivered the opening address at the the Nazi stormtroopers left Rome". **Ji, lerism was only an "accident" and had nothing games. Oddly enough, his speech carried a according to Waagenar this last act of sur­ to do with German history, and that the Nazis racial connotation, referring to "the spiritual vival was in no way due to the Vatican's heiF had obtained only 37 per cent of the votes bond betwen our German fatherland and the or intervention. He not only confirms charge in 1933; but later he used the fact of the sacred places of Greece founded nearly 4,000 of " silence and inaction" towards the ta^ Nazi majority as an argument against majority years ago by Nordic immigrants". of the Jews, but claims that the Vatican na rule. In his anti-egalitarianism he was relen- no right to take the credit for dangerous Another "non-Aryan" who played an impor­ rescue work by individual members of tn less, refusing to admit that, whatever the tant part in the preparations was Captain Wolf­ clergy, to whom he pays tribute. . - majority might do, the "elite" which can only gang Fuerstner,^ the builder and organiser of Waagenar charges Gennan Jesuit F^tjXj be "self-styled" (in spite of Nietzsche's recom­ the Olympic village. A few weeks before the Robert Leiber, for many years the poweni" mendations) was bound to do worse. His foreign athletes arrived, Fuerstner was sud­ and influential personal assistant of Pius •^,! Socialism was vague; economics did not inter­ denly dismissed and replaced by a Lieut.-Col. with having " turned history upside down est him. by stating that the Pope extended to the Jew 1 Rich£»rd D. Mandell : Th* Nazi Olympics. 316 pp. The an assistance worth 25 million lire and tn , In the attitude to Judaism, he experienced Souvenir Press, Loo

^' G. Lowenthal speaker and one of the early Zionists; his Berlin coUeagues JuUus Galliner, head of the school department of the Prussian "Lan­ desverband", who died in New York in 1949 and Emil Bernhard-Cohn, also known as a A CENTENARY PREVENTED dramatist who died in Los Angeles in 1948; Hugo Fuchs from Chemnitz who died in Berlin's "Hochschule" Opened 1872 Benos Aires in 1949; Dr. Max Eschelbacher from Duesseldorf who died in London in This year, one hundred years have passed leading positions in Jewish communal life; 1964; Fritz L. Steinthal from Muenster in °y since the opening of the "Hochschule fuer Police vice-president Bernhard Weiss and the Westphalia who died in Buenos Aires in 5je Wissenschaft des Judentums" in BerUn. bankers Sigmund and Oscar Wassermann. 1969; Max Wiener, rabbi in Stettin and from 1907 to 1941 it owned the house 14 Ar- The world of science and learning was re­ Berlin who died in New York in 1950; Felix wUeriestrasse. presented by the philosopher Emst Cassirer Goldmann, born 1882 in London, rabbi in In contrast to the conservative Jewish- (Hamburg), the mathematician Issai Schur Leipzig, one of the most upstanding represen­ "leological Seminary at Breslau, which was who migrated from Berlin to Jerusalem in tatives of the 'Central-Verein' who died in J8 years older, the Hochschule in Berlin was 1935 and the Islamic studies expert Gotthold Leipzig 1934; Enoch Hans Kronheim from egarded as the training establishment of Ub- Weil (Berlin State Library and later on Bielefeld who died in Cleveland, Ohio, in ^al rabbis. It was a product of the Jerusalem National Library). Other members 1958; Siegbert J. Neufeld from Elbing, an movement which championed scientific ex­ were Director Heinrich Stahl, later on for author concerned with subjects of Jewish ploration of all phases of Jewish religion, many years chairman of the Berlin Jewish history who died at Ramat Chen in 1971; ewish literature and Jewish history. Leopold community, and several businessmen of Erich Bienheim from Darmstadt who died at unz called this movement "Science of repute. Bradford, England, in 1962; Alfred A. Philipp udaism" and 100 years later Ismar Elbogen, The last secretary of the Hochschule was from Wuppertal-Ellberfeld who died in |°r many years professor of history at the the jurist Hans-Erich Fabian who, after his Jerusalem in 1970. Other Hochschule ^ochschule, described it as "the science of liberation from Theresienstadt, beeame the students were Arthur Biram (Bischofswerder Judaism, aUve in the mainstream of events, first chairman of the post-war Berlin Jewish 1878-Haifa 1967) who was the founder and a Its' sociological and historical context". community. Jenny Wilde, for many years a for many years the director of the Hebrew .In the summer of 1942, seventy years after meritorious Hochschule librarian, also a (non-classical) secondary school in Haifa and ^. foundation, the national-sociaUst Reich Theresienstadt survivor, died in 1949 in a Georg HerUtz (Oppehi 1888-Jemsalem 1968), ^nister for Science, Education and Public Jewish old-age home in Berlin. head of the Zionist Central Archive untU *"struction ordered the closure of aU Jewish The Hochschule never had an easy time, 1955. Rabbi Dr. Georg Salzberger (London) is ^nools in Germany "in view of the pro- for it set much store on keeping its organ­ undoubtedly the "Nestor" of the surviving s essive expatriation of the Jews", as he put isational autonomy and spiritual in­ Hochschule students. Erast Ludwig Ehrlich, em u "'^^'" to this laconic destruction order dependence, even from the Jewish com­ B'nai B'rith director for Europe and secretary jgPnasised: "This decree must not be pub- munities and community associations. It of the Christian-Jewish Working Com­ started off with one full-time and three part- mittee in Switzerland Uves in Basle. In the th »"• "^^^ P"* ^° ^^^ ^° ^^^ existence of U.S.A. we find, among others, Fritz Bamber­ y^ Hochschule which had continued to func- time teachers. However the constitution of the Hochschule aUowed for invitations to ger, a pupil and a teacher of the Hochschule °i. albeit on a very small scale, right into and Herbert A. Strauss, one of the very last we early years of the war. scholars of repute to hold guest courses. In this way, after his retirement as professor of students, now Professor of History at the enH ^^ °'^'" ^^^* ^"*y '° remember the tragic City University of New York and Executive . " of the Hochschule. A few years ago, the philosophy in Marburg, Hermann Cohen gave lectures and tutorials at the Berlin Hoch- Vice-President of the American Federation of rf Richard Fuchs, a member of the Hoch- schuie from 1912-1918 and similarly Martin Jews from Central Europe; Rabbi Manfred ^nule's Kuratorium from 1934 to 1939, pub- Buber read on Biblical Messianism in 1935. Swarsensky who stayed in Berlin until 1939 oed his personal recollections of this now lives in Madison, Wisconsin and period (cf. Volume XII of the Leo Baeck In- The number of students remained limited Rabbi I. I. Gruen, in Danzig until 1939 now jj^''ute, London 1967). The last members of at aU times. In 1872 a beginning was made in New Castle, Pennsylvania. Other Hoch­ g^ teaching staff included among others Leo with 12, in 1913 the number had risen to 63. schule graduates carried the spirit of the jjj^ck (lecturer of Midrash, Homiletics and In 1929 it rose to 106. The high-water mark Hochschule even further afield: Fritz Pinkuss *fsiory of ReUgion), Rabbis Julius Lewko- was reached in 1932 with a total of 155, (Sao Paulo) and Henrique Lemle (Rio de T '^ (Jewish ReUgious Philosophy), Leopold among them 27 women. As late as in 1936 Janeiro) are both active as rabbis to sizeable (B'Kf (Jewish History), and Manfred Gross the students stiU totaUed 107 and in 1937 as communities and as university professors; (T1I ^' *s w^ll ^s Heinrich Gescheit many as 141. The increase untU 1932 was Rudolph Brasch, formerly London, now J^^aimmj) and Ernst Grumach (Philosophy); primarily due to the fact that up to then pro­ Sydney, and Curtis E. CasseU, formerly st of them were deported and perished. spects for obtaining a position as a rabbi were London, now Bulawayo, Rhodesia, ^^uatU 1933 or 1934, Hochschule students comparatively favourable; moreover the lite^^ able to study philosophy, history and Hochsohule statute permitted the admission We also have to remember with gratitude l!n^^^. studies at the neighbouring BerUn of students "who endeavoured to deepen and respect those graduates who stuck to st^jy^rsity, and a considerable number of their Jewish education in some fields without their posts in Nazi-Germany during the worst pi.-p'its obtained their degree of doctor of being able to devote themselves entirely to time of persecution and had to pay for their j^^Psophy in BerUn and elsewhere. When these studies". In this connection it may be sacrifice to the community with death in a i^yish students were debarred from access to remembered that for instance in the winter concentration camp or the uncertainty of (hjX®''*'ties, lectures on general subjects of 1935 twenty members of Hechaluz, aU of deportation. It is not possible to give even an liter P^'losophy, psychology, history of them at "Abiturienten" level, attended lec­ approximately complete Ust of those who per­ ^ature, social sciences) were introduced, tures at the Hochschule after completion of ished in this way; but a few at least must be nor teaching staff had neither a president their Hachscharah in order to broaden their named: Siegfried Alexander (last heard of in ov^^i^ director, though Elbogen, not least education in Jewish subjects. Berlin), Hans Andorn (Nuernberg), Louis Sch 1 *° ^^^ length of service at the Hoch- Until the time of the deportations at the Blumenthal (BerUn), Isidor Caro (Cologne), jj^uuie (1902-1938), was always the heart of end of 1941 the number of regular students Hansjuerg Hanff (Wiesbaden), Regina Jonas ted ^°'^^"se. A committee of teachers elec- remained steady at about a dozen; the num­ (BerUn), Hugo Klein (Berlin), Siegfried ttorn -^^^ chairman for each academic year ber of guest attendants was much higher. Klein (Duesseldorf), Hans Loewenthal dear ^^ ™*^^*- '^^^ external administration At least two or even three generations of (BerUn), Leopold Lucas (Glogau/BerUn), Per^ ful and purity is scarce. Yet aU these books was a lecturer and writer; he emigrated to lished at a time when the nations, competing about him—^there were more than twenty after Palestine in 1938 and, since 1951, has often for supremacy on land and sea, were already his death and nearly as many while he was returned to Konstanz. The work describes the heading for the First World War. still aUve, not counting the innumerable gradual integration of the Jews into the Some years ago Beatrix Kempff, of the articles—all these briUiant analyses and social, economic and cultural life of the town. Federal Press Office in Vienna, wrote her W^ studies seem strangely remote, somehow Particularly much space is allocated to the story which has now been published in this avoiding the basic question: who was Karl period under the Nazi regime, and the work country by Oswald Wolff (PubUshers) Ltd- Kraus? (This remoteness might be an innate includes quotations from Nazi orders and in an excellent translation by R. W. Last- characteristic of all biographical endeavour, press publications as well as lists of ("Suffragette for Peace", the Life Story of but then we did not know Borne, but we did deportees and survivors. The courageous at­ Bertha von Suttner. London, 1972, price £2•75-) live near Kraus.) And while the question titude of some citizens of Konstanz is also As a writer and as a public speaker she whether he was a genius or only the most put on record. devoted her life to the campaign for peace, and talented writer of his aige may stiU be de­ she travelled the world in its pursuit. It wa^ bated in a hundred years, the phenomenon of Another former resident of Konstanz, largely due to her influence that Alfred Nobel. his uniqueness •will even then avoid definition. Otto S. Leib, who now lives in the USA, has a friend and correspondent for many years, The latest slender volume, published in published a 25-page stencilled work under the founded an institution which awarded a prt^ the United States as part of Twayne's World heading "Der Jude von Konstanz—woher to "the man or woman who had done most to Authors Series* is probably the most thorough, und wohin " (Obtainable through the firm of bring the nations together", and in 1905 fhe the most concise, the least ambitious pub­ Joachim Reinhardt, 48 Bielefeld, Burgfreiheit was the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize- Ucation from a purely Uterary point of view 8). This short description mainly deals with Many Jews were fellow-fighters for peace and therefore the best of aU the modern the development until 1860. and contributed to her periodicals Friedens- secondary sources available. Both publications, different in volume and warte and Die Waffen nieder. Her husband approach, may serve as useful material for a had founded a league against antisemitism. Erich HeUer once wrote (quoted by the scholarly work still to be written on the editor): "Karl Kraus did not write 'in a and she herself combated antisemitism when­ history of the Jews in Konstanz. The need ever she came up against it. Her friends were language', but through him the beauty, pro­ for such a work is particularly great because fundity and accumulated moral experience of to be found in the literary and artistic circle* the latest comprehensive "Geschichte der of Vienna, and Lilli Lehmann, Stefan Zweig- the Gennan language assumed personal shape Juden am Bodensee und Umgebung" by and became the crucial witness in the case the Schnitzlers and many others are frequently Leopold Lowenstein was published as far mentioned in her diaries. In 1903, after the this inspired prosecutor brought against his back as 1879. time." "This may be the explanation, if not the Kishinev pogrom, Theodor Herzl asked bef to approach the Czar on his behalf. He wanteo answer, to the uneasy question, why Kraus AIsbacfa/Bergstrasse evaded and keeps evading "definition": in him to be received in audience in order to expla'n personaUty and the spirit of the Word became The "Heimatbuch der Gemeinde Alsbach " his ideas of a Jewish national State and aS* united, an entity, and one cannot define but by Rudolf Kunz, published by the Alsbach for the Czar's assistance in establishing '^ one at a time. municipality, carries a 14-page chapter on It is not known whether she met with success, The author's main problem, of course, is the history of the, now extinct, Jewish com­ but the draft of her letter can be seen among translation. If ever there was an untranslatable munity. Whilst Jews can be traced in Alsbach her papers in the U.N. Archives in Geneva- expression of thought and emotion—^and there as early as 1423, the actual community came The author of the biography is only too rig" are a great many—Kraus's must surely be the into being in the 18th century. It is assumed in stating that the confidence of that genei?' most defiant and the most brittle: the enor­ that a Betsaal was established in 1767. The tion of idealists in the rationality of man, theij mous strength of a rhythmical stracture Synagogue was built in about 1788 and faith in the onward march of civilisation an crumbles under the most delicate attempt at renovated in 1864. It was destroyed in 1938. the ultimate victory of the good have a shatter­ changing it. Harry Zohn acknowledges the The Jewish population of the Alsbach district ing effect on the present-day reader. ,„ limitations by explaming rather than by (including Auerbach, Seeheim and Zwingen- rendering. He says: "Punn'ng often constitutes berg) amounted to 130 persons in 1933. Of a redtictio ad absurdum ot language and serves PICASSO EARMARKED FOR NAZI K-^" as a divining rod for the truthfulness or untruthfulness of a statement or a mentality. BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE It became known only recently that at th Only in rare instances can an exact equivalent SI B*ltt» Sauan. Londan N.W.S time of the occupation of France the Gestae SYNAGOGUE SERVICES intended to throw the painter, Pablo Pica?=^ for this verbal play be found . . . Ca chlorious into a concentration camp. In an intervj^- war' for 'ein chlorreicher Krieg'). ... A are held regularly on the Eve of Sabbath with the West German Rundfunk, the sculpt^'j and Festivals at 6.30 p.m. and on the day Arno Broker, reported that Picasso n . * K»f1 Krmi*. By Harry Zohn In the Austria series edited at 11 a.m. by Ulrioh v/eisstein, Twayne Publishers, Inc., New York, ALL ARE CORDIALLY INVITED already been arrested and was only releas 178 page*, including apper>dices, notes and references. after Breker's intervention, (d.b.) AJR INFORMATION December, 1972 Page 13

PRAGUE MUSEUM JEWRY IN THE EAST Director's Dismissal

100 JEWS RECEIVED BY MINISTER SPIRITUAL EXTINCTION Jewish sources say that the main reason for the recent dismissal of Dr. Vilem Benda g The Soviet Minister of the Interior, Mr Forecast by Western Expert as director of the Jewish Museum in Prague ^ons Shumilin, recently agreed to receive a A ranking Western diplomat with many was his refusal to give the museum a politi­ group of 100 Soviet Jews, aU of whom con- years' service in the Soviet Union and Eastern cal flavour. The museum houses the largest ironted him and a number of his senior collection of Jewish ritual objects and culture ™icials at the Ministry. Mr Shumilin failed Europe, who has specialised in the study of in Europe. The Czech authorities want to [^.answer complaints about the arbitrary with­ the Jewish problem in those areas, expressed reorganise it to promote " the struggle against holding of exit permits, nor was he forth- the view that, although the majority of Jews Zionism", to play down the ethnic and cul­ ^ming about what criteria, if any, governed do not plan to emigrate, those who stay are tural particularities of the Jews and to stress ecisions to grant or withhold permits. doomed to spiritual extinction. their assimilation into modern Communist *orty-seven Jews including six university society. professors sent an open letter to the first Mr. Aron Vergelis, the editor of the Moscow a^^'etary of the Communist Party, the Premier Yiddish publication, Sovietish Heimland, has Dr. Benda is succeeded by Mr. Erik Klima. nv. }• President of the Soviet Union, de- also said that "it is only a matter of time" iL^nding the abolition of the diploma tax and until Soviet Jews become fully assimilated. "e lifting of restrictions on Jewish emigration. In the view of the Western diplomat, most people have still not grasped the full signifi­ C.B.F. GRANTS DIPLOMA TAX cance of the Soviet Jewish emigration. He feels Exit Permits Granted that it is truly a phenomenon and he is in­ At its latest meeting the CouncU of the Central British Fund made grants totalling creasingly of the opinion that the Kremlin, or £44,425. The major part (£30,000) was for j-j^oout 175 families wishing to emigrate to at least a part of the leadership, has decided . l?el were exemptepvpmntpdH frofrnmm ththep diplomriinlnma tatnxy Jews in and coming out of Eastern Europe anj^>d> given exit permits. Among those granted to get rid of the real nationalist Jews. There and included £10,000 for a nursing home in x-iree exit permits were a number of Jews are, however, many Jews of all groups who Timisoara, Romania. There were also grants gy^.ve in the struggle for the right to emi- plan to remain in the Soviet Union and to for relief work in North Africa and Teheran. s aie from Russia, some of whom had been remain Jewish. They feel that the real fight previously arrested. is to obtain greater freedom of conscience for Sponsored Swimming Competition everyone in the Soviet Union, and they believe UK Attitude that they are moving in that direction. Thirty-eight Jewish children, aged between A~*? Joseph Godber, Minister of Foreign 7 and 14, have raised over £500 by a spon­ Brit'"?' ^°^^ ^^^ ^°"^^ °^ Commons that the "JC" ATTACKED sored swim for Jewish youngsters who are resp t .Government is unable to make rep- A Soviet propaganda pamphlet entitled either living in, or have escaped from. East hAltations to the Russian authorities on "Zionism: Ideology and Practice" which has European and Arab countries. The swim took sibift °^ individual Jews. It had no respon- only recently become available in the West, place in the outdoor pool at Slaugham Manor Sovi t^ m the matter of the treatment by the attacks the Jewish Chronicle. Described as the Hotel, Handcross, near Brighton, and was it h ^ Government of individual citizens, but archetypal Zionist newspaper, like other papers organised by the Brighton Committee of the nad already made, and would continue to owned or dominated by Zionists, the Jewish C.B.F. and British OSE. Ru^^' '"^presentations in connection with the Chronicle, the New York Times and others, Howard Taylor, Brighton, covered the thgQ'I. "education tax," and had conveyed to says the pamphlet, "cannot help lying, since greatest distance—88 lengths, and Jenny GaUn, ij J^oviet authorities the strength of feeUng they serve millionaires and billionaires, whose who comes from the Norwood Jewish Home fty^ritain regarding the position of Jews in prosperity . . . depends entirely on the ex­ for Children, raised the most money in spon­ ploitation ... of the working class." sorship—over £70.

LUGGAGE HANDBAGS. UMBRELLAS AND CHANGE OF ADDRESS ALL LEATHER GOODS In order to ensure that you receive TRAVEL GOODS your copy of "AJR Information" H. FUCHS 267 WMt End Lane. N.W.6 regularly, please inform us imme­ -SEJittleX Hideaways. New Pantees and Bras from Slhouette Thone 435 2602 diately of any change of address. Page 14 AJR INFORMATION December, 1972

THE ISRAELI SCENE LEGACIES FOR AJR CHARITABLE TRUST During the year April, 1971-72 the AJB BRTTISH TRADE SUPPORT NEW BRITISH AMBASSADOR Charitable Trust received legacies out of the estates of Mr. C. Bourne, Mrs. R. Krauss Israel's Minister for Commerce and Indus­ Mr. William Ledwidge, Britain's new envoy and Mr. G. W. Zander. The AJR will always try, Mr. Haim Barlev, had talks at the Foreign to Israel, brought his Government's reaffirma­ gratefully remember the generous gestures of Office with Mr. Geoffrey Rippon, Britain's tion of its commitment to Israel's security and these deceased friends. former chief Common Market negotiator. independence, when he presented his creden­ As our readers know, the AJR Charitable Mr. Rippon pledged full British support for tials to President Shazar in Jerusalem. He Trust's responsibilities include the maintenance Israel's application for more favourable trade made his first public appearance when he of Hannah Karminski Home and (jointly witn arrangements with an enlarged Market, pro­ attended the Kennedy-Leigh library at the the CBF) of the Flatlet Home, Eleanor Rath­ vided they do not conflict with this country's Hebrew University's agricultural faculty at bone House. Its assets are also increasingly interests. Rehovot. During the ceremony a plaque was important for the expanded welfare services During his four-day visit Mr. Barlev also unveiled in memory of Dr. Ami Shachori, of the AJR. To secure the continuity of our met Mr. John Davies, Secretary of State for Israel's agricultural attache in London, who work it is hoped that many members and Industry, to review the prospects of Anglo- was killed at the embassy by a letter-bomb. friends of the AJR will stipulate bequests for Israel relations. the Trust in their Wills. Any further infor­ Mr. Barlev told a luncheon meeting of the EGYPTIAN RABBI'S VISIT mation required may be obtained from: The Anglo-Israel Chamber of Commerce that Rabbi Haim Douek, the former Chief Rabbi Secretary, AJR Charitable Trust, 8 Fairfax although British exports to Israel had risen of Egypt, now living in Paris after leaving Mansions, London, NW3 6JY. Telephone by 16 per cent since 1968, other Western Cairo in March, came to Israel for his first 01 624 9096/7. countries had managed to double their exports visit to attend his daughter's wedding. over the same period. One of the reasons was There were only about 300 Jews left in MEMORIAL GROVE TO MURDERED the inadequate volume of British investments ; Egypt, said Rabbi Douek, most of them Uv­ OLYMPIADS another was the Arab boycott. ing in old-age homes. Only one synagogue The cost of 11,000 trees to be planted jn TOURIST FIGURES was open and, although ser'vices were con­ ducted on the Sabbath and on the festivals, the Maccabi Memorial Grove in Israel m The Israeli Ministry of Tourism has reported there was no rabbi or mohel. memory of the eleven Israeli sportsmen that there was a slight drop in the number of massacred at the Munich Olympics has been tourists from Britain and the United States. JORDANIAN HEBREW PROGRAMME subscribed to by clubs affiliated to MaccaW However, there was a substantial increase in In " a bid to promote peace " in the Middle Union. the number of visitors from Scandinavia, West East, Jordanian TV has begun a daily 15- At a ceremony at Maccabi's clubhouse m Germany and Italy. During the first nine minute Hebrew programme. The programme West Hampstead, a trees certificate was pr^ months of the year, nearly 580,000 tourists began with a statement by an official of sented to Dr. Z. Suffot, the IsraeU consul- came to Israel—a 15 per cent increase over the Amman's Ministry of Information promising to general in London. As a result of a cam­ same period last year. give its Israeli audience " straightforward paign being conducted throughout the coun­ Although there was an unexpected drop in news ". try hundreds more trees are expected to "e bookings during the high summer season and planted. . , during part of the festival period, no accommo­ ARMS SMUGGLING Maccabi members lit eleven memorial dation is at present available at most Israeli The Israeli police in their inquiries into the candles during the poignant ceremony. ^ hotels. alleged Jewish Defence League's attempts to prayer was recited and choral pieces were smuggle arms abroad to fight Arab terrorism, sung by the London Jewish Male Ch^- SEX CHANGES arrested Vladimir Zilberlieb, a recent immi­ Guest speakers included the Rev. W. '!v Two young Israeli men who came to Britain grant from the Soviet Union. Other League Simpson, secretary of the CouncU of Chris­ for sex change operations have now been members arrested, including Rabbi Meir tians and Jews; Mr. Victor Mishcon, a vice- registered as women by the Ministry of the Kahane, and sympathisers, have been released president of the Board of Deputies; D'- Interior. on bail. Suffot; and Maccabi personalities.

FAMILY EVENTS Podhorcer.—Mr. John Podhorcer, Women EXCLUSIVE FUR REPAIRS ANP c/o Mrs. Coldwell, 11-13 Fenstan­ RESTYLING. All kinds of fur worK Entries in the column Family ton Avenue, London, N.12, will PART-TIME HOME HELPS avail­ undertaken by first-class renovator Events are free of charge. Texts celebrate his 85th birthday on able for shopping, cooking and and stylist, many years' experience companionship. Please contact: shculd be sent in by the ISth of December 28. He is a member of and best references. Phone 01-40* the AJR and we extend our sin­ AJR Employment Agency, 01-624 5867, after 5 p.m. for appointmenij- the month. cerest congratulations to him. 4449. Mrs. F. PhiUpp, 44 EUesmere Roao- DoUis HiU, London, N.W.IO. Birth HELP REQUIRED for old lady, Deaths few hours per week, light duties SMALL ORIENTAL RUGS ^ (cooking, etc.), N.W.2 area. Box Horwitz. — On October 24, to pertly repaired. Please phone ne- Jeidel.—The members of the AJR 322. tween 10.30 a.m. and 2.30 p.m. oniy- Barbara (nee Brent) and John Club mourn the passing of Mrs. Horwitz, of 305 Kenton Road, Alice Jeidel who had been the Tues­ 01-435 9806. Harrow, Middlesex, a second daugh­ day hostess at the Club since its Situations Wanted ter, Nicole liana. (Sister for inception. She was loved by all for ALTERATIONS OF DRESSES, Exchange of Accommodation Sharon, granddaughter for Mr. her kindness and warmheartedness. etc., undertaken by ladies on our and Mrs. E. Brent, fourth grand­ We convey our deepest sympathy register. Phone: AJR Employment EXCHANGE WANTED for spaci­ child for Mrs. Eva Horwitz, Ham­ to her husband, children and many Agency, 01-624 4449. ous, 3-room flat, near Fmcniej burg, and second great-granddaugh­ grandchildren. Road, to a 2-2i-room fiat with no'' ter for Mrs. Elly Reimann.) water and central heating. Box 319- Loeffy. — Dr. Arthur L. Loeffy Miscellaneous Birthdays passed away peacefully on October TREATMENT FOR RHEUMATIC 18 after a very long illness. He PAIN, poor circulation, etc. Keep Personal will be missed by all who knew fit by regular body massage and The AJR Club conveys its sincere him. INDEPENDENT, ACTIVE, miao'^iddle;j wishes to Mrs. Johanna Krauss on exercise. Also facials, skin care, spot reducing, etc., by qualified aged widow seeks friendship her 70th birthday on November 27, similarly situated gentleman; ma Mrs. Bertha Lange on her 80th CLASSIFIED beautician. For appointment phone evenings, Mrs. Edith Friedmann, riage eventually considered. **" birthday on December 18, and 320. Mr. Alan Tobert on his 70th birth­ The charge in these column is 3 Hurstwood Road, Henlys Corner, day on December 30. Golders Green, London, N.W.ll. 15p for five words. 01455 6606. LADY, Jewish, middle 60s, Aus*' rian origin, financiaUy independCDj^ Freudmann.—Mrs. Martha Freud­ Situations Vacant seeks retired business man wi mann, of Heinrich Stahl House, The AJR MEALS-ON-WHEELS SER­ smart appearance, middle 60s, Bishop's Avenue, London, N.2, cele­ THE AJR EMPLOYMENT VICE needs Voluntary Helpers in telligent, independent, for coi" brated her 92nd birthday on AGENCY, Tel. 01-624 4449, needs the kitchen at 9 Adamson Road, panionship. Must be living in ^" November 11. Swiss Cottage, to assist with pack­ full-time and part-time shorthand ing and labelling meals. Ladies don. Box 321. Moses.—Mrs. Emma Moses (nee typists and bookkeepers. able to spare regularly 1 or 2 Hoxter), formerly Kassel, of 35 momings per week / fortnight MISSING PERSONS Wessex Gardens, London, NWll Men please contact Mrs. Panke, phone 9RS, will celebrate her 90th birth­ 624 9096/7. AJR Enquiries day on December 14. AU her RETIRED MAN to assist part-time friends and relatives extend their in Dispatch for small haberdashery FOREIGN and EngUsh coins Blocksberg.—Mrs. E. Blocksbergj warmest congratulations and best wholesaler, W.l. References. Apply wanted. High prices paid. Phone last known address, 93 B""" wishes to her. Box 323. 01-455 8578 after 6 p.m. Road, London, E.2. AJR INFORMATION December, 1972 Page 15 f^abriele Tergit A HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN HALLE The resettlement of Jews in Halle (Saale) after their expulsion in the Middle Ages THE STORY OF THE REFUGEE coincided with the foundation of the Univer­ sity of that town. We are indebted to Guido Kisch (Basel) who was Professor History of SCHOLARS IN ISTANBUL Law in HaUe from 1922-1933, for having pre­ sented us with a comprehensive history of the We all had heard at the time that many or in a K.Z. would have Turkish protection: beginnings of the newly founded community.* «ennan Jewish professors found places in "We know how to deal with such people" Istanbul. Now Professor Philipp Schwartz (meaning the Nazis). The re-admission of Jews in Halle com­ uormerly Frankfurt, now Warren, Pennsyl­ menced in 1688, in accordance with the Great Schwartz sent a wire to Zurich: "Not three, Elector's general policy which also resulted vania) has told details of this fascinating but thirty". In October 150 hxmian beings ar­ ^tory in a modest xeroxed pamphlet of 50 in the settlement of Jews from Vienna in rived in Istanbul—from their own villas in Berlin. This policy was motivated by a tolerant Pages which was distributed at the Congress Germany, from poor boarding houses in *or Exile Research in Copenhagen, 1972. attitude towards persecuted minorities as well London, from miserable Parisian hotels. They as by the emergence of mercantilism. In the In March 1933, Schwartz fled to Zurich. met in the Park Hotel, one of the grand cos­ case of Halle, the rules of Brandenburg- ^Pes soon faded. Swiss universities had no mopolitan hotels before 1914. The gigantic Prussia were especiaUy anxious to counter­ P**^. At German universities there was no old war ministry was to be converted into balance the rising economic importance of .^^^stance against the Nazi regime. In April, the new university, another 100-year-old Leipzig which belonged to Saxony. ^^33, the "Neue Ziiricher Zeitung" published building, guards barracks and prison for * notice that a "BeratungssteUe fiir deutsche political criminals under the Sultans, should The first Jews who took up permanent resi­ Vissenschaftler" had been establisihed. Three accommodate four medical departments. dence in Halle were Salomon Israel, Assur i?^^—and the result was an avalanche of Another barracks should be used for dentistry. Marx, Jakob Levi(n) and Berad Wolff. r^S caUs. Professor Schwartz and some And so it went on through aU old Istanbul. Salomon Israel, whom Kisch describes as the ftelpers answered the letters, Swiss Jews gave The remnants of an empire converted into progenitor of the Halle community, was the '^I'edit of 1,000 francs and provided some places of learning. son of the Berlin Court Jew, Israel Aron, and, tfice space. In May, a postcard with an un- by his mother's second marriage, the stepson J?adabig signature arrived—stating that A. Opening Ceremony of the Berlin Court jeweller Jost Liebmann. "talche, Professor of Pedagogics at the Uni- Assur Marx was a business associate of Berend j^^ity of Geneva, was preparing a reform of The contract, drafted by Professor Malche, Lehmann of Halberstadt; his great-grandson, SQnbyi University. Schwartz wrote im- stipulated that the lecturers should hold lec­ who became a Protestant, was the musicologist, "lediately, Malche replied by retum that tures in Turkish after three years, write composer and Professor of Berlin University, Perhaps somebody of their group might be Turkish text books, and work exclusively for Adolf Bemhard Marx (1795 HalIe-1866 Berlin). I'lgible. Schwartz enquired whether he could the university. On November 10, 1933, the Between 1688 and 1703, the number of Jewish / should send somebody to Istanbul. The first term opened with a celebration in the families increased from four to 17. Kisch at­ answer was "Yes". hall, built for the Sultan and his Court and tributes this slow growth to the resistance by 50 spahis on horseback—a hall with columns the Jews already resident, who were afraid A European University from Greek and Roman temples. In im­ of competition. provised lecture rooms the new arrivals The fact that there were Jewish residents p A European imiversity was one of Kemal began, with a Turk at their side who in Halle also served as an inducement to young g^^na's dreams for a rejuvenated Turkey, meticulously translated every phrase into Jews from other places to study at the Univer­ ^on the Turkish Minister of Education and Turkish. sity of that city. The first Jew who obtained j^out twenty of his officials together with his doctorate in Halle (in 1724) was the • alche and Schwartz discussed for seven But the great man in this story was the medical student Moses Sobernheim of Bingen. purs in French the prospective heads of the French-Swiss Professor A. Malche. He said: Altogether 26 Jews graduated as doctors of ifferent departments of the new university. "No doubt, by finding new posts for so many medicine between 1724 and 1783; two of them ' the end, Schwartz suggested to add a of your professors the situation which 'ces were, like the author of the book, members of oup of scientists of the highest caUbre as barbares' created, wiU have been changed. the Kisch family of Prague, and one, Simon west professors for some weeks each year: This is a much greater satisfaction to me Adolphi, hailed from London. J- Courant, the mathematician. Max Born and than the success of my own proposals could Dies F^nck ("three nuclear scientists hap- ever have been. For a whole year I have Permission for the purchase of a site for a ^^y in England and USA", writes Schwartz), worked on this university project. My plan Synagogue was, after many difficulties, ob­ J,''^e geniuses of Gottingen, were invited for was to organise a contribution by all Western tained in 1700. The buUding, which was situ­ ^^ foundation of a physics department. European countries. I had only just begun to ated at the corner of a place caUed " Grosses taries were considered and agreements put out feelers, I never expected to find BerUn," remained in use until 1869, when a scientists of this standard". new and larger Synagogue was erected at the ^^re drafted. The Minister, Dr. Raschid same place. The first cemetery was a garden Of t?' *^^ ^^ moved as the others. He spoke It was the good fortune of all concemed to " vor dem Galgtor am Toepferplan," owned by ist ^^Sht to Italy of the Byzantine scient- flnd a man of such selflessness and integrity Assur Marx, to which an adjoining plot was s 500 years ago. It resulted in the Renais- as Professor Malche who did not dream of added later. In 1864 a new cemetery was con­ j,^e, the individual emerging from the using his commission as a springboard for secrated in the Dessauer Strasse (later Hum- p^^e-Ages. "Today we have made pre- himself. If he had been an antisemite or boldstrasse), and a third cemetery was opened jj '^^tions for receiving a reciprocal gift from merely one of these modem go-getters, the in Boelckstrasse in 1929. W.R. UTope. You will show our youth the way to Istanbul solution could never have mat­ ^ Ogress^ we offer you our thankfulness and eriaUsed. Not a committee but a man of high * Guido K'tsch: Rechts-und Soztalgeichlehte der Judan moral standard, this nowadays under­ In Halle, 16S6-1730. 244 pp. Band 32 der Veroeffomt- ^ respect". Later he promised that anybody lichungen d«r Historisohen Konrwnission zu Berliii. Walter .....^bad accepted the call but was in prison estimated species, saved 150 people. de Gruyter & Co., Berlin. 1970. DM 54.

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AWARD FOR "UNSUNG HEROINES" NEWS FROM GERMAISY The Federal Cross of Merit was awarded to Margrit Baldner (Cologne) in recognition HEINE CONGRESS IN DUESSELDORF NOBEL PRIZE FOR HEINRICH BOELL of her assistance to persecutees of the Nazi To mark the 175th anniversary of Heine's The author, Heinrich Boell, was awarded regime. As early as 1933 Margrit Baldner birth, an international conference of scholars the 1972 Nobel Prize for Literature. He is joined hands with other anti-Nazis to alleviate the first German post-war author on whom the plight of Jewish and other victims of the was held in Duesseldorf from October 16 to this distinction has been bestowed. Boell system. By her courageous work she has 19. The organisers were the Duesseldorf Muni­ was born in Cologne in 1917. He is con­ also contributed to enhance the reputation cipality, the Heinrich Heine Society and the sidered a " militant Catholic" and, under of the German Federal Republic, the citation Department of German literature of the the Nazis, left a Catholic youth club "as states. university. Research workers, historians, soon as they started to march in goosestep". Another helper of persecutees in Cologne politologists and authors from many counitries, He is an, albeit critical, board member of who was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit including several of the Eastern bloc, deli­ the Cologne Society for Christian-Jewish Co­ operation and also a sponsor of the Germania was the lawyer. Dr. Irene Block. Disregard­ vered lectures to assess Heine's personality and Judaica Library in Cologne. ing the danger to herself she saved the Jewisn to evaluate the impact of his literary and sculptress, Maria Fulda, from deportation ano The news of the award reached him in death. She first hid her in her flat, ana political production on contemporary thought Athens, when he was on his way to Israel, and attitudes. after having been bombed out had her evacu­ where his son, Vincent, a conscientious objec­ ated to the country. She also shared h^r In a message to the Congress, Federal tor, works on the construction of a home ration cards with Maria Fulda and provided Chancellor Brandt particularly stressed the for the blind, after having spent six months medical care for her. topicality of Heine's fight against any narrow- in the kibbutz Sde Nehemia, in Upper Galilee. minded nationalism and his work for mutual In a public lecture, delivered on the occa­ sion of his 'visit to Israel, Boell said that MEDALS FOR RESISTANCE FIGHTERS understanding between nations. The opening Israel should not return the administered ter­ address was delivered by Golo Mann. ritories unless suitable guarantees were given The Jewish aspects of Heine's life and work to her by the Arabs for her security. The Wilhelm Leuschner Medal, the highest were dealt with by Professor Ernst Simon award of the Land Hesse, was awarded to In a congratulatory letter, the Association 80-year-old Dr. Martin Niemoeller, formerly (Jerusalem). He stated that Heine's re- of Jewish Journalists and Authors in Great Church President of Hesse-Nassau ; 70-year-olfl identification with the Jewish people had been Britain mentions Heinrich Boell's interven­ Joself Lang; and the Catholic priest, Jose^ prompted by the Damascus affair of 1840, tion for the release of Esther and David Markish and informs him that they had re­ Will (64), in recognition of their leading under the impact of which he launched a ceived their exit permits. roles in the resistance against the Na^ courageous campaign for the rights of the In 1971 Boell was elected president of the tyranny. On the occasion of the ceremony i" Jewish people. Simon compared Heine's re­ International PEN Club. Marburg the Prime Minister of Hesse, action to the persecution of Jews in Damascus Osswald, also opened the exhibition " Resist­ with Herzl's reaction to the Dreyfus Affair. ARCHIVES OF FORMER COMMUNITIES ance in Hesse against the Nazi regime" *^ IN POZNAN make citizens aware of the guiding principles His deeply rooted perception of the Jewish " which have determined the creation of 9^ mind is also refiected in the fact that the Most of the archives and documents relat­ ing to the former Jewish communities in the country and its political development during three characters of his literary production the past 25 years ". which come to life best are Jews: Hirsch Province of Poznan have been lost. Until 1938 the tradition was kept up by the Hyazinth {"Baeder von Lucca"), Little Simson " Heimatvereine" in Berlin and Breslau, ("Schnabelewopski") and Don Isaak ("Rabbi which alfo published a monthly periodical. GESTAPO HELPER SENTENCED von Bacharach"). Some material could be transmitted to Israel. When the question of whether or not the It is now learned that the State Archives in Stella Kuebler-Isaakson, now Mrs. Gaertner- Duesseldorf university should be named after Poznan possess " Personenstandsregister" was sentenced by the Berlin Criminal (from 1825 onwards) of the townlets of Kur­ Court to ten years' imprisonment for ha»' Heine was discussed, a Resolution endorsing nik. Kosten, Krotoschin, Rogasen and this claim was passed with 107 votes in favour, ing acted as an informer to the Gestapo- Schrimm. There were once flourishing Jew­ She wiU not, however, have to serve tn* 3 against and 10 abstentions. These abstentions ish communities at these places. Kurnik had included several Israelis on whose behalf penalty, because she had already been sen­ 92 Jewish inhabitants in 1913, 89 in 1933, tenced to ten years' loss of freedom by " Professor Simon declared that they considered and only 30 in 1933. The corresponding Soviet Military Tribunal in 1946. this matter as a question which had to be figures for the other places are: Kosten, decided exclusively by the Germans them­ 112—63—0 ; Krotoschin, 411—192—30 ; Roga­ In 1943 and 1944 Stella Kuebler, v/bo^ selves. sen, 516—378—40 ; and Schrimm, 318—201— parents were married according to Jewish la*' 16. (EGL) delivered to the Gestapo at least 21 Berlin Jews who had gone underground. Together GERMAN TOWN HONOURS IttUNICH NO ' MINYAN" IN WORMS with Rolf Isaakson, to whom she was marriefl VICTIM For years it has been impossible to hold at the time, she traced Jews in flats where The city council of Kinzweiler decided to regular services in Worms, one of the oldest they were hidden, or in caf6s or at ra'j2" name a street after the Israeli trainer, Moshe Jewish communities in Germany. This year card distribution centres. According to tne Weinberg, who was assassinated by Arab ter­ two services could be held when some Ameri­ presiding judge, Stella Kuebler, who is now rorists in the Olympic viUage. Another street can Jews, who are stationed in or near Worms, 50, had rendered her services as a so-calie" will probably be named after the German attended the synagogue. On the High Festi­ " Greiferin " in order " to help her parents, police officer, Anton Fliegenbauer, who also vals the Worms Jews have to attend the to secure a comfortable life for herself, ano lost his life during the Munich tragedy. services in Mainz. to satisfy her lust for power".

FOR CHANUCAH H. WOORTMAN & SON (first lights Thursday. November 30) 8 BaynM Mewt, Hampttead, M.'WJi HIGHEST PRICES The AJR Meals-on-Wheels Menoroth. Candles, Trendcls. Children's •Phone 4SS 3974 paid fer Books. Ritual Requisites. Jewish Books in Gentlemen's cast-off Clothing, any language sold and bought. I Continental Builder and Decorator Service is expanding Specialist In Dry Rot Repairs WE GO ANYWHERE, ANY TIME M. SULZBACHER Additional drivers wtth cars are 4 Sneatli Avenue. Golders Green Road. ESTIMATES FREE S. DIENSTAG London, NW11 SAH. Tcl.: 4S5 1S94. needed for collection of mea'^ (01-272 4484) from 9 Adamson Rd., N.W.3, a""^ deliveries in London, W.l, W-^' For EnglUh and Gorman Booki B.L. WEISS Wembley, Richmond, Kew areas- THE DORICE Regular volunteers for one or two HANS PREISS PRINTERS STATIONERS Continental Cuisine—Licensed mornings per week preferred, b^** International Booksellers 169a Finchley Road, N.W.3 stand-by drivers for emergencies LIMITfO ST. ALBANS LANE • LONDON • NW11 (624 6301) also welcomed. 14 Bury Placa, London. W.C.1 PARTIES CATERED FOR 405 4941 Telephone: 01-458 3220 Mileage allowance if wanted. Only light weights, no messy PHOTOCOPIES MADE-TO-MEASURE m fm (ELECTRICAL | «i|^ containers. QUICK and RELIABLE Doublft-knit Jersey wool and drip-dry R . Ol U. INSTALLATIONS) la I **• Please phone: Mrs. S. Panke, AJ"* Crlmplen*. Coats. Dress**. Suits. Slacks. 199b Belstze Road, N.W.8 Trausar-suits. From £4'95p Inclusln 01-624 9096/7 GOLDERSTAT material. Outsize our speciality. 624 2646/328 2646 •Phone: 01-4S5 5643 Customers' own material made up. Electrical Contractors & Stockists FOR DELIVERY OF EMERGENCV S4 GOLOERS CARDENS. N.W.II SCALA MODELS of all Electrical Appliances MEALS PHONE 01-722 6168 'Phone: 01-254 5464 (S lines) 8 AVERY ROW (near CLARIDCES), W.l OFFICIALLY APPOINTED HOOVER 2S DOWNHAM ROAO, N.l Tei.: 01-493 8837. SERVICE DEALERS betwi»en 10 and 10.30 a.in-

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