52234-001: Chennai Metro Rail Investment Project
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Environmental Impact Assessment (Draft) March 2021 India: Chennai Metro Rail Investment Project Corridor 4 Main Report Prepared by the Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL) for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 January 2021) Currency Unit = Indian Rupee (₹) ₹ 1.00 = $0.0137 $1.00 = ₹73.094 ABBREVIATIONS ADB : Asian Development Bank AIIB : Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank CBTC : Communication based Train Control CGWB : Central Ground Water Board C&D : construction and demolition CMA : Chennai Metropolitan Area CMDA : Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority CMRL : Chennai Metro Rail Limited CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board CMP : Comprehensive Mobility Plan CMFRI : Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research CRZ : Coastal Regulatory Zone EHS : Environmental, Health, and Safety EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan EMoP : Environmental Monitoring Plan ESF : Environment and Social Framework ESP : Environment and Social Policy ESHS : Environment, Social, Health and Safety FTA : Federal Transit Administration GoI : Government of India GoTN : Government of Tamil Nadu GC : General Consultants GRM : Grievance Redress Mechanism IMD : India Meteorological Department JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency KLD : Kilo Litres Per Day MoEF&CC : Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change MDBs : Multilateral Development Banks MRTS : Mass Rapid Transit System NDB : New Development Bank NAAQS : National Ambient Air Quality Standards NBWL : National Board of Wildlife NGT : National Green Tribunal PAP : Project Affected Persons RDSO : Railway Design & Standards Organisation RAP : Resettlement Action Plan SIPCOT : State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu SPV : Special Purpose Vehicle SIA : Social Impact Assessment TNCZMA : Tamil Nadu Coastal Zone Management Authority TBM : Tunnel Boring Machine TNPCB : Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board WHO : World Health Organization WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 0 C - degree Celsius dB(A) - decibel acoustic ha - hectare km - kilometer km/h - kilometer per hour kWe - kilowatt-electric kV - Kilo volt(s) kVA - kilo Volt-Amps kW - kilowatt m - meter mm - millimeter MVA - Megavolt Ampere MW - Megawatt 3 m - cubic meter 3 m /hr - cubic meters per hour mg/l - milligrams per liter m/s - meters per second MTPA - metric tons per annum MW - megawatt ppm - parts per million ppt - parts per thousand rpm - revolutions per minute 3 μg/m - microgram per cubic meter NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of India ends on 31 March. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2021 ends on 31 March 2021. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... i 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Environmental Impact Assessment ............................................................................. 6 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................... 9 2.1. The National (India) Environmental Laws, Policies and Regulations .......................... 9 2.2. International and Regional Agreements and Conventions ........................................ 18 2.3. MDBs’ Requirements Applicable to the Project ......................................................... 19 2.4. Applied Standards ..................................................................................................... 20 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................. 20 3.1 Rationale ................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Description of the Corridor 4 ..................................................................................... 21 3.3 Associated Facilities .................................................................................................. 28 3.4 Implementation Plan, Schedule and Cost ................................................................. 30 4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ........................................................................................... 32 4.1 Data Collection Methodology .................................................................................... 32 4.2 Physical Environment ................................................................................................ 34 4.3 Ambient Environment ................................................................................................ 46 4.4 Ecological Environment ............................................................................................. 59 4.5 Socioeconomic Environment ..................................................................................... 66 5. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................ 67 5.1 Impacts Screening ..................................................................................................... 68 5.2 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Project Location and Design Phase ......... 71 5.3 Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Construction Phase .................................. 78 5.4 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Project Operation Phase .......................... 92 5.5 Impacts and Mitigation Measures Due to Depot ....................................................... 98 5.6 Chance Finds ............................................................................................................ 99 5.7 Expected Benefits from Corridor 4 .......................................................................... 100 6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................................... 102 6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 102 6.2 Different Modes of Transport and Need to Increase Public Transport Share ......... 102 6.3 Analysis With and Without Project Scenario ........................................................... 102 6.4 Comparison of Alternative High Capacity Modes .................................................... 103 6.5 Selection of Alignment, Stations and Depot Locations ............................................ 103 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ................................... 104 7.1 Consultations ........................................................................................................... 104 7.2 Identification of Stakeholders .................................................................................. 104 7.3 Public Consultations ................................................................................................ 105 7.4 Information Disclosure ............................................................................................. 109 8. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ............................................................................ 110 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN....................................................................... 112 9.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 112 9.2 Objectives of Environmental Management Plan ..................................................... 113 9.3 Institutional Arrangement ........................................................................................ 113 9.4 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Program ................................................. 115 9.5 Emergency Preparedness and Response System .................................................. 165 9.6 Training and Capacity Building Programs ............................................................... 177 9.7 Environmental Management Budget and Resources .............................................. 177 10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................... 178 LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Summary of All Relevant Environmental Legislation to Corridor 4 ............................ 10 Table 2-2: Applicable Permissions and Clearances Required for Corridor 4 .............................. 13 Table 3-1: : List of Stations –Corridor 4 ..................................................................................... 21 Table 3-2: Land use abutting the Alignment ............................................................................... 22 Table 3-3: Salient Features of Chennai Metro Corridor 4 ........................................................... 23 Table 3-4: Water