DOCSLIB.ORG

Strengthening Ethiopia's Urban Health Program

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strengthening Ethiopia's Urban Health Program STRENGTHENING ETHIOPIA’S URBAN HEALTH PROGRAM FY18 ANNUAL REPORT STRENGTHENING ETHIOPIA’S URBAN HEALTH PROGRAM ANNUAL REPORT OCTOBER 2017 – SEPTEMBER 2018 Cooperative Agreement No.AID-663-A-13-00002 SUBMITTED TO: USAID/Ethiopia PREPARED BY: John Snow, Inc. (JSI) CONTACT INFO FOR THIS REPORT: HIBRET ALEMU TILAHUN, PHD JSI/SEUHP CHIEF OF PARTY EMAIL: [email protected] TEL: +251114700402/45 DISCLAIMER: This document is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. (JSI) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. SEUHP FY 18 Annual Report 2 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AAU/SPH Addis Ababa University School of Public Health AACARHB Addis Ababa City Administration Regional Health Bureau ANC Antenatal care ARM Annual review meeting ART antiretroviral therapy AWD acute watery diarrhea (cholera) AYRH adolescent youth reproductive health BCC behavior change communication C/THO city/town health office CHIS community health information system DQA data quality assessment EDA Emmanuel Development Association EPHA Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA) EPI Expanded Program on Immunization Extension Program FANC Focused antenatal care FMOH Federal Ministry of Health FHC family health card FHT Family health team FP family planning FY fiscal year HBHTC home-based HIV testing and counseling HC h ealth center HDA health development army HEW health extension worker HH household HIV human immunodeficiency virus HMIS health management information system HRM human resource management HSPH Harvard School of Public Health HSTP health sector transformation plan HTC HIV testing and counseling ICU Intensive care unit IEC information, education, and communication IR intermediate result IRT integrated refresher training ISS integrated supportive supervision IUSHS Integrated Urban Sanitation and Hygiene Strategy JSI John Snow, Inc. JSS joint supportive supervision KMC kangaroo mother care LBW low birth weight LMG leadership, management and governance LQAS Lot Quality Assurance System MARPs most at risk populations M&E monitoring and evaluation SEUHP FY 18 Annual Report 3 MNCH maternal, newborn, and child health NCD non-communicable disease OCA organizational capacity assessment OPD outpatient department PEPFAR President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief PHC primary health care PLHIV people living with HIV PMP performance monitoring plan PMTCT prevention of mother-to-child transmission (of HIV) PNC postnatal care QI quality improvement QII quality improvement initiative RDT rapid diagnostic test RH reproductive health RHB regional health bureau SBCC social behavior change communication SEUHP Strengthening Ethiopia’s Urban Health Program SNNPR Southern Nation and Nationalities People Region SDRT service data recording tool TB tuberculosis THO town health office TOT training of trainer TTG think tank group TWG technical working group UHEP urban health extension program UHE-p urban health extension professional USAID United States Agency for International Development WASH water, sanitation, and hygiene SEUHP FY 18 Annual Report 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PUBLICATIONS/REPORTS ............................................................................................................................ 6 II. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ............................................................................................................................ 6 III. TRAVEL AND VISITS ....................................................................................................................................... 7 IV. ACTIVITY .............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. SUMMARY MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN THE REPORTING PERIOD ............................................ 9 IR 1: IMPROVED QUALITY OF COMMUNITY‐LEVEL URBAN HEALTH SERVICES ........................ 10 IR 2: INCREASED DEMAND FOR FACILITY-LEVEL URBAN HEALTH SERVICES ............................. 33 IR-3: STRENGTHEN REGIONAL PLATFORMS FOR IMPROVED IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL URBAN HEALTH STRATEGY .................................................................................................... 43 IR-4: IMPROVE SECTORALCONVERGENCE FOR URBAN SANITATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................................................... 62 5. OTHER KEY ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................................ 75 6. DATA QUALITY ISSUES DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD .......................................................... 78 7. COMMUNICATION AND DOCUMENTATION RELATED KEY ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 79 8. OPERATIONS AND FINANCE: KEY ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS ............................. 82 9. CHALLENGES AND PLANS TO OVERCOME THEM DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD ..... 86 10. MAJOR ACTIVITIES PLANNED IN THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD ........................................... 86 Annex II: SEUHP Strategic Information Action Plan 2018 ........................................................................... 91 Annex III: Summary of Measurable WASH LMG Result Achievements in selected towns of Amhara region between June and September 2018 ....................................................................................................... 94 Annex IV: Best practice ......................................................................................................................................... 96 SEUHP FY 18 Annual Report 5 SUMMARY MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN THE REPORTING PERIOD The followings are major achievements of the first six months of FY18 (October 2017-March 2018): . National level Master TOT and regional level TOT of second round IRT conducted for 23 and 261 participants respectively from SEUHP supported regions covering the modules on major communicable diseases, major NCDs, and Basic First Aid. The IRT was rolled out for 2,263 UHE-ps in SEUHP supported towns. 1,011,835 (101.3% of the annual target) urban residents received primary care services from UHE-ps that have been receiving mentoring, coaching, and supportive supervisions from SEUHP team. 28,856 (90.9% of target) individuals received follow up visits from UHE-ps on TB, ART, and ANC. Intensive quality improvement efforts were undertaken in 21 model QII demonstration health centers that are identified as learning and demonstration sites. Sites received follow up visits whereby technical supports were provided on reviewing their plans, monitoring their performances, and documenting lessons learned among others. Support provided for primary health care reform sites in SEUHP supported regions. So far, the family health teams in Addis Ababa, Harar, Tigray and Oromia regions have provided door-to-door and school- based services for 36,416 individuals. A 26 episode serial radio drama that focused on RMNCH, HIV, TB, and urban WASH produced and aired using the Ethiopian National Radio Station through a nationwide coverage. A four episode documentary film that focuses on urban HEP and urban WASH was produced in collaboration with EBS TV and aired. 28,856 individuals who defaulted from clinical services traced and referred back to health facilities for continuity of services. UHE-ps initiated referral for 66,546 (110.1%) individuals for further care and service at health facilities. 1,109 government health officials and staffs in four towns attended two days of strengthening town level implementation workshops aimed at ensuring institutionalization and ownership of urban health system strengthening initiatives. 2,873 UHE-ps received targeted supportive supervision from CTHOs and HCs from SEUHP supported towns. Piloting of UCHIS accomplished and documented in three towns (Addis Ababa, Bishoftu, and Hawassa). 28,298 (112.9%) people assisted for gaining access to improved sanitation facility (latrine). 52,814 (125.1%) households assisted to have proper liquid waste/grey water management facility. 43,937 (132.5%) households assisted/supported with gaining access to proper Solid Waste Management . Different WASH facilities including public latrines, communal latrines, hand dug wells, pipeline extensions etc. constructed/renovated at four SEUHP supported towns were inaugurated in the presence of national, regional, zonal, and town level higher officials including State Minister for FMOH, RHBs and Mayors and cabinet members. All the remaining WASH facilities that includes constructions of one new public latrine with shower, two new public water points, renovation of one health center water supply and maintenance of one hand dug well remaining at Adigrat town are completed.. Others were accomplished in previous FYs. Project closeout is started with the 1st major staff downsizing that started as of end of June 2018. SEUHP FY 18 Annual Report 9 IR 1 IMPROVED QUALITY OF COMMUNITY‐LEVEL URBAN HEALTH SERVICES SEUHP FY 18 Annual Report 10 Sub IR1.1: Improved Knowledge, Skills, and Motivation of UHE-PS 1.1.1 Organize Integrated Refresher training (IRT) for UHE-ps SEUHP supported FMOH’s effort to standardize Integrated Refresher training (IRT) for UHE-ps. The FMOH started implementing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bishoftu Town Residents' Perception About Economic, Environmental And
    Vol. 11(2), pp. 21-39, July-September 2020 DOI: 10.5897/JHMT2020.0277 Article Number: 3546FF764872 ISSN 2141-6575 Copyright © 2020 Journal of Hospitality Management and Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JHMT Tourism Full Length Research Paper Bishoftu town residents’ perception about economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts of urban tourism Genet Abera1* and Engdawork Assefa2 1Department of Tourism Management, College of Social Science and Humanities, Bule Hora University, BuleHora, Ethiopia. 2Department of Tourism and Management, College of Development Studies, Center for Environment and Sustainable Development, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Received 4 February, 2020; Accepted 7 April, 2020 The main purpose of this study is to explore the perception of Bishoftu town residents about the impacts of urban tourism. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed to achieve the objective of this study. Random sampling procedure was used for selection of respondents from the residents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. The result of factor analysis showed that three factors named economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts explained 53.24% of variation in the perceptions of residents. However, most of the local residents and stakeholders were unaware of negative impact of urban tourism. MANOVA analysis indicated that, there was no significant difference between the mean of underlying dimensions of the perceived urban tourism impacts, and socio-demographic characteristics. The concerned bodies and officials should take the issues into account while planning and devising various measures. Key words: Urban tourism, residents‟ perception, tourism impacts, Bishoftutown. INTRODUCTION Tourism is widely perceived as an economic positives, it can also be the cause of a lot of problems in development tool for the local community, providing the local societies.
    [Show full text]
  • GREAT ETHIOPIAN ROUTES the East - Danakil, Harar and Bale Mountains © Ethiopian Tourism Organization
    GREAT ETHIOPIAN ROUTES The East - Danakil, Harar and Bale Mountains © Ethiopian Tourism Organization. Version V1.0 1115 Version Organization. Tourism © Ethiopian www.ethiopia.travel Text: Philip Briggs; Photography: David Kirkland, Aziz Ahmed, Ludwig Siege, Antonio Fiorente Antonio Kirkland, David Siege, Briggs; Photography: Philip Aziz Ludwig Ahmed, Text: The East - Danakil, Harar and Bale Mountains • The scorching Danakil, where salt-bearing camel caravans traipse mirage-like across blinding-white salt-flats, swept by a gale known as the Gara, or Fire Wind. • Volatile Erta Ale, its volcanic caldera cradling a bubbling cauldron of molten black lava and eruptive glowing fountains of red-hot magma. • The labyrinthine alleys of Harar Jugol, an ancient walled citadel with a wealth of Islamic mosques and shrines, bustling markets overhung with aromatic spices and cafes brewing freshly-roasted coffee plucked from the surrounding hills. • The Afro-Alpine moorland of the Sanetti Plateau in Bale Mountains, where handsome red Ethiopian wolves - the world’s most endangered canids - trot jauntily through the pastel-shaded heather. • The cool damp Harenna Forest in Bale Mountains, a vast tract of gnarled tree heathers, towering bamboo clumps and a canopy of evergreen foliage. • A rapier-horned oryx antelope cantering across wide open plains of Awash National Park, a group of colourfully dressed sellers in Dire Dawa open-air market, the immense limestone caverns of Sof Omar. This is Eastern Ethiopia. A land of astonishing geographic extremes, where the austere lavascapes and salt-flats of the northern Rift Valley, which plunges to 116m below sea level in the Danakil, contrast with the misty peaks of the Bale Mountains, which rise over 4,300m a short distance further south.
    [Show full text]
  • Gone in 6 Minutes: an Ethiopian Airlines Jet's Final Journey 5 April 2019, by David Koenig
    Gone in 6 minutes: an Ethiopian Airlines jet's final journey 5 April 2019, by David Koenig Ethiopian authorities issued a preliminary report Thursday on the March 10 crash that killed 157 people. They found that a malfunctioning sensor sent faulty data to the Boeing 737 Max 8's anti-stall system and triggered a chain of events that ended in a crash so violent it reduced the plane to shards and pieces. The pilots' struggle, and the tragic ending, mirrored an Oct. 29 crash of a Lion Air Max 8 off the coast of Indonesia, which killed 189 people. The anti-stall system, called MCAS, automatically lowers the plane's nose under some circumstances to prevent an aerodynamic stall. Boeing acknowledged that a sensor in the Ethiopian Airlines jet malfunctioned, triggering MCAS when it was not needed. The company repeated that it is In this Monday, March 11, 2019 file photo, rescuers work working on a software upgrade to fix the problem in at the scene of an Ethiopian Airlines flight crash near its best-selling plane. Bishoftu, or Debre Zeit, south of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Pilots of the Ethiopian Airlines flight encountered "It's our responsibility to eliminate this risk," CEO problems with their new Boeing jetliner from nearly the Dennis Muilenburg said in a video. "We own it, and moment they roared down the runway and took off. we know how to do it." Ethiopian authorities issued a preliminary report Thursday, April 4, 2019, on the March 10 crash. (AP Photo/Mulugeta Ayene, File) From nearly the moment they roared down the runway and took off in their new Boeing jetliner, the pilots of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 encountered problems with the plane.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: Administrative Map (August 2017)
    Ethiopia: Administrative map (August 2017) ERITREA National capital P Erob Tahtay Adiyabo Regional capital Gulomekeda Laelay Adiyabo Mereb Leke Ahferom Red Sea Humera Adigrat ! ! Dalul ! Adwa Ganta Afeshum Aksum Saesie Tsaedaemba Shire Indasilase ! Zonal Capital ! North West TigrayTahtay KoraroTahtay Maychew Eastern Tigray Kafta Humera Laelay Maychew Werei Leke TIGRAY Asgede Tsimbila Central Tigray Hawzen Medebay Zana Koneba Naeder Adet Berahile Region boundary Atsbi Wenberta Western Tigray Kelete Awelallo Welkait Kola Temben Tselemti Degua Temben Mekele Zone boundary Tanqua Abergele P Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Tsegede Tselemt Mekele Town Special Enderta Afdera Addi Arekay South East Ab Ala Tsegede Mirab Armacho Beyeda Woreda boundary Debark Erebti SUDAN Hintalo Wejirat Saharti Samre Tach Armacho Abergele Sanja ! Dabat Janamora Megale Bidu Alaje Sahla Addis Ababa Ziquala Maychew ! Wegera Metema Lay Armacho Wag Himra Endamehoni Raya Azebo North Gondar Gonder ! Sekota Teru Afar Chilga Southern Tigray Gonder City Adm. Yalo East Belesa Ofla West Belesa Kurri Dehana Dembia Gonder Zuria Alamata Gaz Gibla Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu ) Elidar Amhara Gelegu Quara ! Takusa Ebenat Gulina Bugna Awra Libo Kemkem Kobo Gidan Lasta Benishangul Gumuz North Wello AFAR Alfa Zone 1(Awsi Rasu) Debre Tabor Ewa ! Fogera Farta Lay Gayint Semera Meket Guba Lafto DPubti DJIBOUTI Jawi South Gondar Dire Dawa Semen Achefer East Esite Chifra Bahir Dar Wadla Delanta Habru Asayita P Tach Gayint ! Bahir Dar City Adm. Aysaita Guba AMHARA Dera Ambasel Debub Achefer Bahirdar Zuria Dawunt Worebabu Gambela Dangura West Esite Gulf of Aden Mecha Adaa'r Mile Pawe Special Simada Thehulederie Kutaber Dangila Yilmana Densa Afambo Mekdela Tenta Awi Dessie Bati Hulet Ej Enese ! Hareri Sayint Dessie City Adm.
    [Show full text]
  • Beef and Feed Value Chain Study in Adama District
    Beef and feed value chain analysis in Adama District, Ethiopia Addisu A.1, Solomon M.1, Getachew L. 2, Solomon A.1, Fantahun D.1, Duncan, A.J.3 and Thorpe, W.3 1 Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia 2 ILRI value chain consultant 3 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia October 2012 ICARDA i Abstract This paper offers insights on the analysis of beef and feed value chains, assesses the determinants of supply, identifies major constraints and opportunities for the beef and feed value chains, tests tools prepared for the analysis of beef value chains and provides feedback for further improvement. This report is an output of a six-month project ‘Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in Ethiopia - trends and prospects ’ commissioned by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. The project was led by ILRI together with the Ethiopian Institute for Agricultural Research, the Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute and the International Center for Research in the Dry Areas. Introduction Background Livestock production is an integral part of Ethiopia’s agricultural sector and plays a vital role in the national economy. At present, livestock contributes about 20% of the GDP, supporting the livelihoods of 70 % of the population and generating about 11% of annual export earnings (SPS- LMM, 2010). As the country has a large livestock population, which ranks first in Africa and tenth in the world, it has much to gain from the growing global markets for livestock products (SPS-LMM, 2010). Feed is a critical constraint to intensification of livestock production in Ethiopia.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence and Antibiogram of Escherichia Coli O157 Isolated from Bovine in Jimma, Ethiopia: Abattoir- Based Survey
    Ethiop. Vet. J., 2017, 21 (2), 109-120 Prevalence and antibiogram of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from bovine in Jimma, Ethiopia: abattoir- based survey Aklilu Feleke Haile1*, Daniel Kebede2, and Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet3 1College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. 2School of Veterinary Medicine,Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia. 3National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Centre, Sebeta, Ethiopia. *Corresponding author: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia, E-mail: [email protected] https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v21i2.8 Abstract E. coli O157 is an important serotype that caused many food borne outbreaks worldwide in the past decades. This study was carried out to estimate the prev- alence and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli O157 isolated from bovine carcasses and cecal contents at one abattoir in Jimma. A total of 300 samples from bovine carcass swabs(n=150) and cecal contents(n=150) were examined to identify E. coli O157 by ISO 17604:2005 method and by using Dry spot E. coli O157 latex test kit. Susceptibility to panels of 9 antimicrobial agents for all 25 E. coli O157 isolates was examined The overall prevalence of E. coli O157 from bovine carcass swabs and cecal contents were 9.3% and 7.3%, respectively. All E. coli O157 isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, cef- triaxone, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline and 96% of the isolates were susceptible to amoxacillin-clavulanic acid. Twenty-eight, 24% and 20% of the isolates were resistant to amikacin, streptomycin and cephalothin respec- tively.
    [Show full text]
  • Addis Ababa U College of Business Department of Public Administration Addis Ababa University College of Business and Economics O
    The role of tourism sector in generating employment opportunity and augmenting household income – in the case of Bishoftu city Addis Ababa University College of Business and Economics Department of Public Administration and Development Management The Role of Tourism Sector in Generating Employment Opportunity and Augmenting Household Income in The Case of Bishoftu City of Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia By Assefa Batu: GSE/1209/05 Advisor: Filimon Hadaro (PhD) A thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Public Management and Policy (MPMP) in the Department of Public Administration and Development Management Addis Ababa, Ethiopia November, 2015 Assefa Batu – Public Administration and Development Management The role of tourism sector in generating employment opportunity and augmenting household income – in the case of Bishoftu city Addis Ababa University College of Business and Economics Department of Public Administration and Development Management This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Assefa Batu entitled The Role of Tourism Sector in Generating Employment Opportunity and Augmenting Household Income in The Case of Bishoftu City of Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia which is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Public Management and Policy (MPMP), complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Approved by
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks (Scpz) Support Project
    Language: English Original: English PROJECT: ETHIOPIA INTEGRATED AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PARKS (SCPZ) SUPPORT PROJECT COUNTRIES: ETHIOPIA ESIA SUMMARY FOR THE 4 PROPOSED IAIPs AND RTCs LOCATED IN SOUTH WEST AMHARA REGION, CENTRAL EASTERN OROMIA REGION, WESTERN TIGRAY REGION AND EASTERN SNNP REGION, ETHIOPIA. Date: July 2018 Team Leader: C. EZEDINMA, Principal Agro Economist AHFR2 Preparation Team E&S Team Members: E.B. KAHUBIRE, Social Development Officer, RDGE4 /SNSC 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) committed to a five-year undertaking, as part of the first Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP I) to build the foundation to launch the Country from a predominantly agrarian economy into industrialization. Among the sectors to which the second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II) gives emphasis is manufacturing and industrialization to provide the basis for economic structural change; and a central element in this strategy for transforming the industry sector is development and expansion of industrial parks and villages around the country. 1.2. The development of Integrated Agro Industrial Parks (IAIPs) and accompanying Rural Transformation Centres (RTCs) forms part of the government-run Industrial Parks Development Corporations (IPDC) strategy to make Ethiopia’s agricultural sector globally competitive. The concept is driven by a holistic approach to develop integrated Agro Commodity Procurement Zones (ACPZs) and IAIPs with state of-the-art infrastructure with backward and forward linkages based on the Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development model. The concept of IAIPs is to integrate various value chain components via the cluster approach. Associated RTCs are to act as collection points for fresh farm feed and agricultural produce to be transported to the IAIPs where the processing, management, and distributing (including export) activities are to take place.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance In
    Messele et al. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob (2017) 16:55 DOI 10.1186/s12941-017-0233-x Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials RESEARCH Open Access Molecular determination of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from raw meat in Addis Ababa and Bishoftu, Ethiopia Yohannes Equar Messele1*, Reta Duguma Abdi2,3, Shimels Tikuye Yalew1, Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne1, Bezina Arega Emeru1 and Gebremeskel Mamu Werid1 Abstract Background: Consumption of meat contaminated by E. coli causes a serious illness and even death to afected individuals. Recently the emerging of antibiotic resistant foodborne E. coli poses serious public health risks worldwide. However, little is known about the antibiotic resistance profle of E. coli in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) status of E. coli isolated from diferent type of meat. Methods: Overall 292 samples were collected from December 2015 to April 2016 from slaughterhouses to deter- mine the prevalence and AMR of E. coli isolated from raw beef, mutton, chevon and chicken meat from Addis Ababa and Bishoftu, Ethiopia. The isolates were screened for AMR against commonly used antibiotics circulating in the Ethiopian market. Both phenotypic and genotypic approach were employed for AMR detection using disc difusion test and PCR respectively. Results: The prevalence of E. coli was 63 (21.6%), indicating one sample in every fve samples harbors E. coli. Among these, the highest E. coli isolates was observed in chicken meat samples (37.0%; 27), followed by mutton (23.3%; 17), chevon (20.6%; 15) and beef (5.5%; 4). Results of disk difusion test on the 63 isolates showed that only 4.8% of them were not resistance to all antimicrobials tested.
    [Show full text]
  • Debre Zeit Crater Lakes: Ethiopia)
    · 'T ,.. C""'.",·_,-"" c":.• :"<"."'-";;';;:~,.'c.·,,,,, .'.' ,' .... :...... ! .. ZOOPLANKTON STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS IN TWO CONTRASTING SODA LAKES. (DEBRE ZEIT CRATER LAKES: ETHIOPIA) By Afeworki Ghebrai June, 1992. Addis Ababa. · ., .. ZOOYJrANKTONSTRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS IN TWO CONTRASTING ~;~~;:S. (DEBRE ZEIT CRATER LAKES: ETHIOPIA). A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY. BY ~:!W~.R~~~~~.~~J\.I, JUNE, 1992. ADDIS ABABA. /' 'l'ABLE OF CON'rENTS. Page Acknowledgments 'i, List of tables. ii. ,.I .. ,List of fi9.ures iii . <.1, 'vL ..C;HA!,TER). 1. 1. Introduction 1 ," 2. Literature review 5 2. t"~ Effect of predation and' adaptive '. responses of zooplankton. 5 2.1.1. Morphological responses of zooplankton to predation. 2.1.2. Behaviourial responses of zooplankton to predation. 9 2.1.3. Reproductive responses of zooplankton to predation. 12 3. Description of study sites.' 15 4. Materials and Methods I. 19 5. Results I. 21 I. Body size of ovigerous females of Lovenula africana. 21 26 '. II. Brood size of Lovenula africana. III. Body size - Brood size relation. 29 IV. Fish gut contents. 33 6. Discussions I. 34 '. ,.' " ' CHAPTER II. 49 7. Seasonality in tropical zooplankton. 49 8. Materials and Methods. I. Physical and chemical parameters. 55 II. Zooplankton. III: Phytoplankton. ",.,,/y/.;,-,\>,:--,--,:-, - 9.R~suits,t'I.'" .' " I.' specie~compos :),tion. :'->~-f""" ... II. statistical analyses. III. Pattern 'of abundance. 10. Di~cusSi6ns II. 11. Conclusions and recommendations. 80 12. References. 81 " , , , ( ", , , ( { . -.'. '", ;:. 'c, 1 , , ACIQJQm.EDGMENTS • • laboratory with close follow-up throughout the study periqq..", I acknowledge the Department of Bi6'iogy ,"~!'id:l.~ 2']&[~'3~,;;{' '" university, and the Faculty ,of Veterinary.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloads (Not All App Sharing and Downloads Could Be Tracked)
    m.<i Oll'lf'ltC- 1\.-\-V-A-i MINISTRY OF HEALTH·ETHIOPIA r11,•H·· rn.'i h'/1c. •OM)·l•i! USAID @ §.filQ Gt HEALTHIER CrrtZENS FOR PROSPEROUS NATION! FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ACTIVITY INFORMATION Activity Title Communication for Health [Contract/Agreement] Number AID-663-A-15-000011 Name of Prime Implementing Partner Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs Name(s) of Subcontractor(s)/Sub awardee(s) John Snow, Inc. Activity Start Date July 20, 2015 Activity End Date December 31, 2020 Reporting Period July 20, 2015– December 31, 2020 Budget $22,193,954.00 Communication for Health 2 CONTENTS ACTIVITY INFORMATION . 2 Contents . 3 Acronyms and Abbreviations . 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 5 PROJECT OVERVIEW . 6 Theoretical Approach . 6 Project Goal, Objectives and Strategies . 7 Project Timeline and Focus Areas . 9 Partners . 10 IR1: STRENGTHENED PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEMS AND COORDINATION FOR SBC . .. .11 IR2: SBCC DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION STRENGTHENED . ..17 IR 3: IMPROVED DATA USE FOR DECISION-MAKING . .. .. .. 28 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES . 31 Gender Equality and Women Empowerment . ..31 Stakeholder Collaboration . .33 Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing with Other USAID Activities . 33 Collaboration and Coordination with Other Key Stakeholders . 33 Project Monitoring and Evaluation . 36 SUMMARY OF RESULTS . 36 CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNED . 37 Appendixes . 38 End of Project Report (2015-2020) 3 Acronyms and Abbreviations AWD Acute Watery Diarrhea CCP Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs COP Community of Practice COR/AOR Country Officer’s
    [Show full text]
  • Secondary Cities Assessment: Phase 1 Synopsis Report
    JIJIGA MAIN STREET, PHOTO CREDIT: IBNUISAK SECONDARY CITIES ASSESSMENT PHASE 1 SYNOPSIS REPORT Revised October 19, 2020 Ethiopia Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Service This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared independently by the Ethiopia Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Service (EPMES) activity of Social Impact, Inc., which is contracted by USAID/Ethiopia. ETHIOPIA PERFORMANCE MONITORING AND EVALUATION SERVICE (EPMES) ACTIVITY Secondary Cities Assessment Phase 1 - Synopsis Report Contracted under AID-663-C-16-00010 Prepared for: Awoke Tilahun (COR) United States Agency for International Development/Ethiopia American Embassy Entoto Street P.O. Box 1014 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Prepared by: Social Impact, Inc. Bole Sub City, Woreda 13 House # 478, 4th Floor i | secondary cities Assessment, PHASE ONE synopsis Report USAID/Ethiopia Ethiopia Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Service TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. ii Table of Tables and Figures ................................................................................................ iv Tables ................................................................................................................................................................ iv Figures ..............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]