WATER STATISTICS in the State of Qatar 2015
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WATER STATISTICS In the state of Qatar 2015 January, 2017 H.H. Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al-Thani Emir of the State of Qatar Preface Allah the Exalted said in Holy Quran: “We made from water every living thing”*. Hence, water is life! The protection of our national natural freshwater resources is part of our National Development Strategy. Qatar relies on seawater desalination as the primary source for drinking water and on groundwater abstraction for agricultural purposes. The re- use of treated wastewater has become an important alternative source of water for agricultural and green spaces irrigation and district cooling. Water policies of Qatar have achieved several successes, including safe drinking water for all population, minimum water loss, high-level treatment of urban wastewater and re-use of large proportions of treated wastewater. Statistics show that water use efficiency has increased in most economic sectors. However, our fresh groundwater reserves are still being overexploited, which leads to lower groundwater levels and increased salinity. This in turn makes it difficult to use the groundwater for irrigation and drinking purposes in the future. According to available statistics, there is still the potential to increase the re-use of treated wastewater, so that household and economic activities will become more efficient in water consumption and reduction of water loss. All these measures will contribute to water and food security and to sustainable development according to Qatar National Vision 2030. This 2nd Water Statistics Report gives a comprehensive overview on water sources, water uses and wastewater treatment reuse and discharge in the State of Qatar. Publishing this report is an important step to support knowledge based decision-making in the water sector. Dr. Saleh bin Mohamed Al-Nabit Minister of Development Planning and Statistics (*) Sura Al-Anbiyaa (The Prophets), Verse 30 Water Statistics In the state of Qatar 2015 All rights reserved to the Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics – January, 2017 In case of quotation, please refer to this publication as follows: Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics, 2017, Water Statistics in the State of Qatar 2017 Doha - Qatar Correspondence to be forwarded to: Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics P.O. Box: 1855, Doha - Qatar Tel: +974 4495 8888 Fax: +974 4495 9999 For statistical data, please send your request to: [email protected] Follow us on: www.mdps.gov.qa www.qalm.gov.qa MDPSQatar @MDPSQatar MDPSQatar 6 Water Statistics In the state of Qatar 2015 List of Contents Subject Page No. Preface 5 Table of Contents 7 List of tables 9 List of figures 10 List of Geographic maps 12 1- General information 13 2- Water resources 16 2-1 Rationale 16 2-2 Key messages 17 2-3 Statistics and Indicators 17 2-3-1 Rainfall 17 2-3-2 Water Balance 19 3- Water production, abstraction and use 21 3-1 Rationale 21 3-2 Key messages 22 3-3 Statistics and Indicators 22 3-3-1 Water production and re-use 22 3-3-2 Water use by economic sector 23 3-3-3 Water loss 25 3-3-4 Water use in agriculture 26 3-3-5 Water use in the industrial sector and construction 29 3-3-6 Water use in the commercial sector 32 3-3-7 Water use in government sector 34 3-3-8 Domestic water use 35 3-3-9 Water use balance 37 7 Water Statistics In the state of Qatar 2015 4- Urban wastewater generation, collection, treatment and 39 discharge 4-1 Rationale 39 4-2 Key messages 39 4-3 Statistics and Indicators 39 4-3-1 Urban wastewater collection and treatment 39 infrastructure 4-3-2 Treatment efficiency of urban wastewater treatment 47 plants 4-3-3 Sewage sludge generation 48 4-3-4 Urban wastewater generated, collected and treated 49 4-3-5 Discharge and re-use of Treated Sewage Effluent 53 (TSE) 5- Groundwater quantity and quality 54 5-1 Rationale 54 5-2 Methodological Aspects 55 5-3 Key messages 55 5-3-1 Statistics and indicators 55 5-3-2 Groundwater levels 61 Glossary 63 References 64 8 Water Statistics In the state of Qatar 2015 List of Tables No. of table Table Page No. Table 2-1 Natural water balance of Qatar’s aquifers (Annual average 1998- 16 2014) Table 2-2 Rainfall (mm) at selected monitoring stations in Qatar 2010 - 2015 17 Table 3-1 Water used in agriculture by source and GDP of agriculture 27 (constant prices 2004) 2006 – 2014 Table 3-2 Water used in industrial sector by source of water and GDP of 30 industry (constant prices 2004) 2006 – 2014 Table 3-3 Water used in commercial sector and commercial GDP (constant 32 prices 2004) 2006 - 2014 Table 3-4 Water used in government sector by source of water 2006 - 2014 34 Table 3-5 Domestic water use by source of water 2006 - 2014 35 Table 3-6 Annual per capita water consumption 2010-2014 36 Table 3-7 Aggregated water use balance (million m3) 2014 37 Table 3-8 Details of water use balance (water balance million m3) 2014 37 Table 4-1 Wastewater at sewage plants 2010-2015 44 Table 4-2 Hydraulic design capacity (1,000 m3/day) of operating wastewater 45 treatment plants by type of treatment 2005-2015 Table 4-3 Urban wastewater treatment plants by type of treatment, design 46 capacity and amount of wastewater received 2015 Table 4-4 Urban wastewater generated by method of handling and discharge 50 without treatment (million m3) 2010-2015 Table 5-1 Classification of saline waters according to FAO by conductivity, 54 salinity concentration and water quality Table 5-2 Observations of salinity in aquifers, 1998 – 2014: Minimum and 59 maximum median values (median of all wells per aquifer and observation period) and development trend. 9 Water Statistics In the state of Qatar 2015 List of Figures No. of Page Figure figure No. Figure 2-1 Annual rainfall at Doha International Airport Station (2008-2015) 19 compared to the long-term annual average rainfall (1962-1992) Figure 2-2 Water balance 2008 - 2014 20 Figure 2-3 Increase and decrease in groundwater reserve as a percentage of total 20 water 2014 Figure 3-1 Growth of population and GDP 1990 – 2014 21 3 Figure 3-2 Total water production and re-use by source of water (million m ) 1990 - 22 2014 Figure 3-3 Growth rates of GDP (constant prices), population, total water production 23 and groundwater abstraction (index base year 1990) 1990 - 2014 3 Figure 3-4 Water use by economic activity (million m ) (excluding loss) 2006-2014 24 Figure 3-5 Growth rates of water use by economic activity 2006 – 2014 (index base 24 year 2006) Figure 3-6 Loss in distribution of drinking water 2008-2014 26 3 Figure 3-7 Water use in agriculture by source of water (million m ) 1990 - 2014 27 Figure 3-8 Growth rate of water used in agriculture, and GDP (constant prices 2004) 28 1990-2014 (index base year 1990) Figure 3-9 Water use efficiency (liter per QR of GDP) and water use productivity 29 (GDP per each liter of water used) in agriculture 1990 – 2014 (in constant prices 2004) 3 Figure 3-10 Water use in industry by source of water (million m ) 2002 - 2014 30 Figure 3-11 Growth rate of water use in industry and GDP (constant prices 2004) 31 2002-2014 (index base year 2002) Figure 3-12 Water use efficiency (liter/ QR GDP) and water use productivity (GDP per 31 liter of water used) in industry 2002 – 2014 (constant prices of 2004) 3 Figure 3-13 Water use in the commercial sector (million m ) 2002 - 2014 32 Figure 3-14 Growth rate of water use in commercial sector and GDP in commercial 33 activities (constant prices 2004) (index base year 2002) 2002-2014 Figure 3-15 Water use efficiency (liter/ QR GDP) and water use productivity (GDP per 34 liter of water used) in commercial sector 2002 – 2014 (constant prices of 2004) 3 Figure 3-16 Water use in government sector by source of water (million m ) 2006 - 35 2014 3 Figure 3-17 Domestic water use by source of water (million m ) 2002 - 2014 36 10 Water Statistics In the state of Qatar 2015 No. of Page Figure figure No. Figure 4-1 Number of completed buildings connected to public sewage according to 40 Censuses 1986 - 2015 Figure 4-2 Number of completed buildings by connection to public sewage and 40 municipality Census 2015 Figure 4-3 Percentage of housing units connected to public utilities by type of utility 42 Censuses 2010 and 2015 Figure 4-4 Hydraulic design capacity of wastewater treatment plants by type of 45 treatment 2004-2015 Figure 4-5 Treatment of BOD5 loads 2004-2015 47 Figure 4-6 Treatment of COD loads 2004-2015 47 Figure 4-7 Rates of BOD5, COD, total nitrogen and phosphorus removal at UWWTP 48 Doha West 2004–2015 Figure 4-8 Generation of sewage sludge at urban wastewater treatment plants by 49 mass (tons of dry solids) 2004-2015 Figure 4-9 Generation of sewage sludge at urban wastewater treatment plants by 49 volume (1,000 m3) 2004-2015 3 Figure 4-10 Use and discharge of treated sewage effluent (TSE) (million m ) 2004 - 53 2015 Figure 4-11 Percentage distribution of Use and discharge of treated sewage effluent 53 (TSE) 2015 Figure 5-1 All wells in Qatar by FAO salinity classification, April 1998 – September 56 2014 Figure 5-2 All wells in Qatar, excluding those in coastal sub-catchments, by FAO 56 salinity classification, April 1998 – September 2014 Figure 5-3 Percentage distribution of wells in North Qatar by FAO salinity 57 classification, April 1998 – September 2014 Figure 5-4 Percentage distribution of wells in Al-Mashabiya by FAO salinity 58 classification, April 1998 – September 2014 Figure 5-5 Percentage of wells classified as non-saline and slightly saline in different 58 aquifers September 1998 – Sep.