DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction List of Acronyms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction List of Acronyms Italy Date of the report Nov. 2018 Authors Claudio Paterniti & Alessio Scandurra - Antigone / Prison Insider Prison population Country’s Prison population rate per 100.000 of population (2017)* 59,359,900 total 57,608 97 national Number of Nature of political 190 for adults Parliamentary Death penalty No, abolished penal facilities / systeme (2017)* 4 for women democracy in 1948 institutions 16 for minors Human development Number of female Ranking Occupancy rate index (2015)* 26/188 105.4% prisoners 2,402 INTRODUCTION LIST OF ACRONYMS After long negotiations and several findings of violations by the ECtHR, CAT Committee Against Torture Italy finally recognized torture as a crime in July 2017. However, the legal definition does not fully comply with international standards. NIC Central Investigative Unit There is also still work ahead in term of torture prevention. Prison CPT European Committee for the Prevention of Torture officers still do not carry identification badges, health practitioners do not receive training to properly document signs of torture, and ECHR The European Court of Human Rights there is no police unit that specializes in the investigation of cases HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus of ill-treatment. LGBTI Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex 2017 marks the second year that Italy’s prison population began to National Preventive Mechanism rise, after a steady decline since 2010. The prison population gained NPM 5.4% new inmates in 2017. Since the number of offences registered PPT Public-Private Partnership in the past years has continued to go down, NGO Antigone points at harsher sentences and fewer alternatives to detention for foreign DAP The Department of Prisons Administration nationals as one of the main reasons for this prison population rise. UNCAT United Nations Convention Against Torture The year 2017 brought great expectations with it, since long-waited FIACAT Federation of Action by Christians for reforms were in the table of negotiations, both for the prison system the Abolition of Torture and for the criminal code. Experts know that key subjects such as conjugal visits, the right to freedom of religion and a broader use of NGO Non-Governmental Organization alternatives sentences will probably not receive the attention they USSM Social service for minors deserve. IPM Juvenile Prisons Yet there is still hope that the texts will reinforce the notions of dignity, CPIA Provincial centers for education of adults non-discrimination, rehabilitation and, of course, the prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman and degradation treatments. REMS Institution for psychiatric hospitalization *Source: World Population Review Physical integrity PHYSICAL INTEGRITY Prison population DEATH PENALTY _ The death penalty was repealed from the military code in 1994 and from the Constitution Penitentiary system in 2007. Daily life Health DEATHS IN DETENTION _ Change in number of Deaths in detention Security deaths compared to the increased (excluding suicides) 78 previous year by 21.8 % Date : December 2017 Discipline In 2016, there were 64 deaths in Source : Antigone, Annual Report, detention. 2017, (in Italian) Contact with the outside world Access to legal rights Change in number of Number of deaths suicides compared to the increased attributed to suicide 52 For more in-depth information previous year by 33.3 % Date : December 2017 Source : Antigone, Annual Report, There were 39 suicides in 2016. 2017, (in Italian) Prison authorities publish on a Death rate in detention official statistics regarding regular (per 10,000 inmates) 22.5 deaths in detention basis The Ministry of Justice (DAP) publishes monthly, annual and Date: December 2017 biannual statistics. Rate of suicides in Rate of suicides in 11.7% in detention (per 10,000 detention 2016 9.1% inmates) Date : December 2017 Source : Antigone, Annual Report, 2017, (in Italian) Rate of suicides in detention compared to 6 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants (national rate) (detention rate) the national suicide rate 7.2 suicides per 10,000 inmates Date: 2015 Source: Eurostats Change in rate of suicides increased: 8 suicides per 10,000 inmates in in detention compared to 2016 the previous year The suicide rate passed from 8.4 in 2008 (46 suicides) to 9.1 in 2017 (52). A significant decrease was observed in 2013, when the rate stood at 6 suicides per 10,000 inmates. Change in rate of suicides in detention compared to increased: 8 suicides per 10,000 inmates in the previous year 2016 Where do most of the suicides take place? no information 2 Physical integrity Prison population Has a suicide prevention yes policy been implemented? Penitentiary system The prison administration and the Ministry of Justice is res- Ministry of Justice, “National plan ponsible for decision-making and implementation. Daily life for the prevention of suicides in the adult prison population”, 2017. A national plan for prevention of suicides for adult and (in Italian) Health minor inmates was introduced in 2017.It provides guidelines for data collection at a local, regional and national level Security that should allow to detect suicidal tendencies. Inmates at risk receive psychological support from professionals and Discipline volunteers. The prison staff should remain aware in order to detect potentially threatening situations Contact with the outside world Access to legal rights An investigation is For more in-depth information opened for all deaths According to the decree 230 of the President of the Republic (June 2000), a doctor should present a report to the prison warden after each death. The report should be transferred to the authorities, which should inform the relatives about the decease. Do the authorities apply no all means to ensure the independence In 2017, the UN Committee Against Torture invited Italian and impartiality of the authorities to ensure that death sin pre-trial detention are investigation? promptly and impartially investigated by an independent body. A 22 years old inmate from Regina Coeli prison, showing signs of psychological troubles, was placed in an institution for psychiatric hospitalizations (REMS). After attempting to escape several times, he was transferred back into a regular prison. He committed suicide by hanging in his cell, in February 2017, leaving behind a note that was made public by Antigone. Andrea Cesar was found dead on the night of 26 April 2017 in Coroneo prison (Trieste). A drug overdose is supposed to be the cause. His death brought to light the lack of staff in the facility, where only one guard was on function during the night of the events for about 200 inmates. The mishandling of the healthcare service was also pointed by the penitentiary police (UILPA), stressing the fact that private operators monopolize decision- making and information about the inmates’ health profiles. Suicide is the cause of 40% of the deaths in 2017. Natural death is the second main reason. In December 2017, the UN Committee Against Torture stressed out the lack of information concerning suicides and other sudden deaths in detention. A study published in 2008 by Giovanni Torrente 1 pointed that 25 out of the 48 suicides registered that year happened during pre-trial detention. The period prior to release has also been identified as increasing the chances of committing suicide. Studies also point at the lack of prison staff and social educators as one of the factors. For 1- Giovanni Torrente, “Sentence and reoffending: current trends and state of example, Cagliari prison which hosts around 600 inmates out of which close to a half suffer research”, 2009. from drug dependency or psychological disorders, only counts nine social educators. 3 33 suicides out of the 39 that took place in 2016 were committed by hanging. Three cases Physical integrity were linked to asphyxia from gas, one to suffocation, one to a fall from stairs and one to poisoning 2. Prison population Penitentiary system Disciplinary sanctions may be applied, such as exclusion from recreational activities or solitary confinement. In addition, these sanctions hinder the possibilities to obtain a 3 Daily life sentence reduction . Health According to Italian law, the partner or closest relatives of the inmate should be informed in case of death. This provision is not duly implemented in practice. Authorities sometimes Security communicate deaths in a cold way or delegate the duty to the prison chaplain 4. Discipline Italian authorities prosecute prison functionaries who are pointed as responsible for a death that is considered to be suspect. Contact with the outside world Access to legal rights Eight physicians and a psychiatrist were prosecuted for manslaughter in 2016 in a case filed by Antigone. For more in-depth information The event took place in July 2012. Mr. Alfredo Liotta died in Cavadonna prison (Siracusa) from complications linked to a severe eating disorder and other psychiatric conditions. The medical staff that examined him shortly before his death considered he was simulating that condition in order to escape from prison and was thus never transferred to a hospital. The trial will take place in May 2019 5. TREATMENT AND VIOLENCE _ The Constitution or the legislation mention the prohibition of torture only in law. After long negotiations and several findings of violations by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), Italy finally introduced the definition of torture into its criminal code in July 2017. The Constitution (article 13) does not refer to the prohibition of torture but rather to all types of violence against physical integrity. The country ratifies the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT). Signature: 4 February 1985 Ratification: 10 October 1989 Is the definition of “torture”does not fully comply with the UNCAT. It does not provide a definition of the perpetrator or the factors motivating the use of torture. According to Italian law, perpetrators face prison sentences from five to 12 years. If the acts result in the unintentional death of the victim, penalty increases up to 30 years.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • James Kilgore 0
    JAMES KILGORE 0 Electronic Monitoring Is Not the Answer Critical reflections on a flawed alternative James Kilgore October 2015 Urbana-Champaign Independent Media Center A part of the Media Action Grassroots Network (MAG-Net) JAMES KILGORE 1 Table of Contents: Electronic Monitoring Is Not the Answer James Kilgore Executive Summary……………………………………….……….1 Introduction……………………………………………….………..4 Section One: History of EM in the Criminal Justice System……8 Section Two: Electronic Monitoring as an Alternative to Incarceration...………………………………….....10 Section Three: Human Rights and Electronic Monitoring……..17 Section Four: EM and the Architecture of Surveillance………..23 Section Five: Responding to Electronic Monitoring: The Struggle for Alternatives and Rights……..…30 This report is issued through the Urbana-Champaign Independent Media Center (UCIMC), part of the Media Action Grassroots Network (MAG-Net). The Center for Media Justice assisted in distribution. Research funded in part by a grant from the Media Democracy Fund. JAMES KILGORE 1 Executive Summary This report offers a critical assessment of electronic monitoring (EM) in the criminal justice system. The author, who spent a year on an ankle bracelet as a condition of his own parole, draws on his in-depth study of legislation, policies, contracts, and academic literature related to electronic monitoring. In addition to this research, he interviewed people directly impacted by EM in four states. Interviewees included those who had been on the monitor, their family members, corrections officials,
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Monitoring in Europe
    Electronic Monitoring in Europe A Summary and Assessment of Recent Developments in the Legal Framework and Implementation of Electronic Monitoring 1 Hans-Joerg Albrecht 1. Introduction While the controversial debates on whether electronic monitoring and its substance, i.e. house-arrest or surveillance of the whereabouts of an offender, are certainly well remembered 2, it seems now that controversies have lost their dynamic. The debates have faded away and there are several explanations for their disappearance. It might be that electronic monitoring has found its place amongst the already well established criminal sanctions, in particular among the conventional alternatives to imprisonment. It might also be that opponents of electronic monitoring have found targets better suited for those goals that have been ultimately pursued with criticizing electronic monitoring. The best and most convenient explanation, however, is that criticism has been replaced by friendly or still hostile disinterest because fears that electronic monitoring could serve as a Trojan horse in a mean attack on rehabilitation and with that on job availability or job status of social workers has proven to be wrong. The debates in the nineties referred to empirical, normative and moral issues 3. They included a discussion on human rights and the use of electronic devices in the control of criminal offenders. Partially, exaggerated expectations could be observed which were probably the result of a zoom effect closely resembles the technological skeleton of electronic monitoring while the programme at large, as well as the framework of developments and trends in criminal penalties in general, remained outside the view. Electronic monitoring still today seems to fit in particularly well in a theoretical framework of critical criminology which centers around commercialization 4, risk management, privatization and new forms of exclusion 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Monitoring in the Criminal Justice System
    INSIGHTS 40 A SERIES OF EVIDENCE SUMMARIES Electronic monitoring in the criminal justice system HANNAH GRAHAM & GILL MCIVOR (SCOTTISH CENTRE FOR CRIME & JUSTICE RESEARCH) NovEMBER 2017 INSIGHT 40 · ELECTROniC MOnitORing in the CRIMinAL JUstiCE SYsteM 2 Acknowledgements This Insight was reviewed by Helen Allbutt (NHS Education for Scotland), Neil MacLeod (Scottish Social Services Council), Tom Jackson (Community Justice Glasgow) Mike Nellis (University of Strathclyde), Ciara Webb (City of Edinburgh Council) and colleagues from Scottish Government. Comments represent the views of reviewers and do not necessarily represent those of their organisations. Iriss would like to thank the reviewers for taking the time to reflect and comment on this publication. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 2.5 UK: Scotland Licence. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/scotland/ Copyright © November 2017 INSIGHT 40 · ELECTROniC MOnitORing in the CRIMinAL JUstiCE SYsteM 3 Key points • Electronic Monitoring (EM) seeks variously to reduce the use of imprisonment, monitor compliance, reduce reoffending and support desistance from crime • There are different types of EM: Radio Frequency (RF) tagging, Global Positioning System (GPS) tagging and Remote Alcohol Monitoring (RAM) • First introduced in Scotland on a pilot basis in 1998, EM currently operates using RF tagging technology only • RF tagging with a curfew is most typically used to restrict a monitored person
    [Show full text]
  • Oklahoma Property Developer Sent to Prison for Money Laundering - 29 December 2011
    Oklahoma property developer sent to prison for money laundering - 29 December 2011 Derek Swann, a property developer in Oklahoma, has been sentenced to 40 months in prison for money laundering. Swann and his business partner Giovanni Stinson used false information to solicit investors for “The Falls”, their proposed commercial and residential development. According to the prosecution: “From 2006 to 2008, individuals invested more than US$5 million [about £3.2 million] into The Falls based on promises made by Swann. Swann then used investors’ monies for reasons different from what he told them: rather than paying for engineering, architectural or infrastructure costs... Swann used the investments for personal expenses and repayment of earlier investors.” Among the personal expenses cited, Swann and Stinson paid for golf and meals at the Oklahoma City Golf Club and leased BMW cars. The Falls was never completed. In February 2011, Swann admitted misusing some of the $255,000 put into the project by a Texan investor, and has been ordered to pay more than $4.3 million in restitution to more than two dozen investors. Stinson is awaiting sentencing after pleading guilty earlier this year to conspiracy to commit securities fraud. Back to top of page Australian executive to be extradited to the UK to face charges of corruption and money laundering - 29 December 2011 Bruce Hall, an Australian former aluminium executive, will be extradited to the UK to face charges of corruption and money laundering charges related to Alcoa’s sale of Australian alumina to Bahrain. Hall was arrested at his home in New South Wales on 20 October 2011 as part of an investigation by the Serious Fraud Office into millions of dollars allegedly paid by Alcoa to gain aluminium contracts.
    [Show full text]
  • Libraries, Prisons, and Abolition
    Libraries, Prisons, and Abolition 2020 Liv Graham, MLIS The following is a three part series I have written on prisons, libraries, and abolition in conclusion of my coursework. Each Tuesday for three weeks, a new piece will be published on the DLIS blog. The first piece is a guide for library workers who have limited experiences with the prison-industrial complex, providing an overview of prisons, jails, and detention centers in the U.S.; examining the intent and effects of increased incarceration rates; and defining some core tenets of/broad approaches to abolitionist thinking. The second piece focuses on the library as an institution that, produced under the forces of moralistic reformatory thinking, inevitably influenced the operations and procedures of the institution maneuvered under american racial capitalism. It aims to expand our creative thinking on repair work by looking towards how we can disrupt these systematic processes, such as smashing the professional tenet of neutrality and restructuring LIS pedagogy to be led by the most oppressed, as well as what decolonization and anti-violence strategies could look like for caring, sustainable futures of information institutions. The third piece will focus on practical applications of abolitionist, expansive initiatives you can undertake as someone trained in library work, both as an individual outside your job and as a worker within an institution, in order to work in coordination with incarcerated people in autonomous building and movement by facilitating access to information. It will examine the current pressing information crises specifically inside Indiana prisons exacerbated by the Digital Divide; offering programming and outreach ideas; and elaborating on or critiquing contemporary offered solutions/reforms in LIS like employing social workers in the library or divesting from police partnerships inside your library.
    [Show full text]
  • The Theory, Development and Application of Electronic Monitoring in Britain
    Internet Journal of Criminology © 2005 THE THEORY, DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING IN BRITAIN Jenny Ardley1 Synopsis The aim of this dissertation is to provide a critical analysis of the issues surrounding the implementation of Electronic monitoring (EM). Curfew orders (CO) with EM have been available in Britain since July 1995, the Home Detention Curfew (HDC) since January 1999. It is vitally important that society does not accept without question new methods of punishment implemented by the government, especially when the use of sophisticated and modern technology is the main component. This dissertation will examine the theoretical implications of the development and introduction of orders involving EM. The financial, practical and political consequences of expanding the sentencing menu and theories of rehabilitation and retribution will also be discussed. The potential dichotomy between public protection from criminals and the need for rehabilitative and humane punishments will be under constant analysis. This will form part of the wider debate of the political and theoretical influences on sentencing philosophy. This dissertation aims not only to examine critically the development and current use of EM, but also to engage in a wider debate surrounding sentencing ideology and EM, and its implications for the wider arena of the criminal justice system. 1 Jenny Ardley, Lecturer in Criminology- University of Derby Associate - Midlands Centre for Criminology and Criminal Justice www.internetjournalofcriminology.com Internet Journal of Criminology © 2005 Introduction I first heard about Electronic Monitoring (EM) during a lecture on the criminal justice system of England and Wales. The idea of using such technology as an instrument of the criminal justice system fascinated me immediately.
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting Probation Internationally
    United Nations Interregional Commonwealth Crime and Justice Research Institute Secretariat pprroommoottiinngg pprroobbaattiioonn iinntteerrnnaattiioonnaallllyy United Nations Interregional Commonwealth Crime and Justice Research Institute Secretariat promoting probation internationally Proceedings of the International Training Workshop on Probation (2-5 July 1997, Valletta, Malta) Edited by Renaud Villé Ugljesa Zvekic Jon F. Klaus Publication No. 58 Rome / London December 1997 ã 1997 UNICRI Commonwealth Secretariat United Nations Publication Sales No. E.98.III.N.1 ISBN 9 290 78034 7 UNICRI and Commonwealth Secretariat copyright except when specified. This publication may be freely reprinted provided the source is acknowledged, and a copy of the publication or reprint is forwarded to UNICRI and the Commonwealth Secretariat. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNICRI or the Commonwealth Secretariat. This publication was made possible thanks to the generous contribution of the Commonwealth Secretariat. Table of contents Page Preface i Editors’ notes iii Recommendations v Opening and introductory statements Alfred Sant (Prime Minister of Malta) 3 Herman F. Woltring (Director of UNICRI) 8 Richard C. Nzerem (Assistant Director of the Legal and Constitutional Affairs Division, Commonwealth Secretariat) 14 Key note addresses International trends in non-custodial sanctions Ugljesa Zvekic 19 Developments in probation: an international perspective Robert
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Policy Measures Based on Implementation of Digital Technologies in Corrections: Exploratory Study from Slovakia and Beyond
    sustainability Article Sustainable Policy Measures Based on Implementation of Digital Technologies in Corrections: Exploratory Study from Slovakia and Beyond Kamila Borseková 1,* , Jaroslav Klátik 2, Samuel Koróny 1, Peter Krištofík 1 , Peter Mihók 1 and Martin Orviský 2 1 Faculty of Economics, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 10, 97401 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia; [email protected] (S.K.); peter.kristofi[email protected] (P.K.); [email protected] (P.M.) 2 Faculty of Law, Matej Bel University, 97401 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (M.O.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 October 2020; Accepted: 14 October 2020; Published: 19 October 2020 Abstract: Across the world, millions of people are incarcerated every year, while hundreds of thousands of them are released back into their home communities. Despite several alternatives within the criminal justice system, incarceration is still considered as the most natural method of correction. This can lead to different types of unsustainable pathways within a society. Despite the growing importance and increasing use of digital technologies, there are relatively few scientific studies related to the implementation of digital technologies in corrections. Therefore, the present paper aims to assess the sustainable policy measures based on the implementation of digital technologies in corrections, namely electronic monitoring (EM). The originality of our paper is supported by unique primary data gathered during the first national survey on the assessment of sustainability measures of EM in Slovakia. Our research reveals that EM implementation contributes to individual and institutional resilience in a socio-economic context; the requirements for a conditional release of serious offenders with mandatory EM seem to have created sustainable conditions for the use of this form of the EM “back door” scheme.
    [Show full text]
  • Mass Monitoring
    Florida State University College of Law Scholarship Repository Scholarly Publications 1-2017 Mass Monitoring Avlana Eisenberg Florida State University College of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/articles Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation Avlana Eisenberg, Mass Monitoring, 90 S. CAL. L. REV. 123 (2017), Available at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/articles/409 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MASS MONITORING AVLANA K. EISENBERG* ABSTRACT Business is booming for criminal justice monitoring technology: these days “ankle bracelet” refers as often to an electronic monitor as to jewelry. Indeed, the explosive growth of electronic monitoring (“EM”) for criminal justice purposes—a phenomenon which this Article terms “mass monitoring”—is among the most overlooked features of the otherwise well- known phenomenon of mass incarceration. This Article addresses the fundamental question of whether EM is punishment. It finds that the origins and history of EM as a progressive alternative to incarceration—a punitive sanction—support characterization of EM as punitive, and that EM comports with the goals of dominant punishment theories. Yet new uses of EM have complicated this narrative. The Article draws attention to the expansion of EM both as a substitute for incarceration and as an added sanction, highlighting the analytic importance of what it terms the “substitution/addition distinction.” The Article argues that, as a punitive sanction, EM can be justified when used as a substitute for incarceration, but that its use as an added sanction may result in excessive punishment and raises significant constitutional and policy concerns.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Electronic Monitoring Home Detention Program Work? Evaluating Program
    Avdija and Lee Justice Policy Journal, Fall 2014 Does Electronic Monitoring Home Detention Program Work? Evaluating Program Suitability Based on Offenders’ Post-Program Recidivism Status Avdi S. Avdija1 and JiHee Lee2 Justice Policy Journal Volume 11, Number 1 (Fall) © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2014 www.cjcj.org/jpj Abstract The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Electronic Monitoring Home Detention (EMHD) program on post-program recidivism status of those who have participated in the program. The second objective of this study is to determine what factors best predict post-EMHD program recidivism. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed on a fourteen-variable model attempting to predict post-program recidivism status for the subjects who have been sentenced in the EMHD program. The analyses of the data in this study are based on a total of 293 subjects. A significant, yet interesting finding that emerged from this study is that EMHD program, measured as the “exit status” (successful completion vs. unsuccessful) had no effect on reducing post- program recidivism for the subjects that participated in the program. The data show that the odds of one recidivating after their release were two times higher for those who had successfully completed the EMHD program compared to the subjects who did not complete the program. 1 Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Indiana State University. 2 Department of Justice Administration, University of Louisville. Corresponding author: Avdi S. Avdija, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Indiana State UniversityEmail: [email protected] Does Electronic Monitoring Home Detention Program work? 1 Introduction In the United States, intermediate sanctions have been used as alternative means of punishment for more than three decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Monitoring of Offenders
    WHAT WORKS CRIME REDUCTION SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SERIES No. 13 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ELECTRONIC MONITORING OF OFFENDERS Jyoti Belur1, Amy Thornton1, Lisa Tompson1, Matthew Manning2, Aiden Sidebottom1 and Kate Bowers1 1 UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, UK 2 Australian National University, College of Arts and Social Sciences Jyoti Belur UCL Department of Security and Crime Science University College London 35 Tavistock Square London WC1H 9EZ [email protected] 1 COPYRIGHT This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. In addition there should be an indication if any changes were made to the original text and there should be no suggestion that the authors or any of their collaborators endorses you or your use. This research was co-funded by the College of Policing and the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC); Grant title: 'University Consortium for Evidence-Based Crime Reduction'. Grant Ref: ES/L007223/1. 2 June 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... 5 2. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................... 5 TYPES OF EM TECHNOLOGY .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cutting Crime: the Role of Tagging in Offender Management
    Cutting crime: the role of tagging in offender management Gavin Lockhart-Mirams Charlotte Pickles Elizabeth Crowhurst September 2015 #reformtagging Cutting crime: the role of tagging in offender management Gavin Lockhart-Mirams Charlotte Pickles Elizabeth Crowhurst September 2015 Reform Research Trust A Company Limited by Guarantee Registered in England no. 5064109 Registered charity no. 1103739 Contents Reform Executive Summary 5 Reform is a non-party think tank whose mission is to set out a better Introduction 10 way to deliver public services and economic prosperity. Our aim is to 1 The evolution of electronic monitoring 13 produce research of outstanding quality on the core issues of the 1.1 The history of electronic monitoring in the economy, health, education, welfare and law and order and on the right United States 16 balance between government and individual. We are determinedly independent and strictly non-party in our approach. Reform is a 1.2 The history of electronic monitoring in the UK 17 registered charity, the Reform Research Trust, charity no. 1103739. 1.3 The process by which electronic monitoring is used 19 This publication is the property of the Reform Research Trust. 1.4 The scale of electronic monitoring in England and Wales 21 1.5 The technology behind electronic monitoring 22 Acknowledgements 1.5.1 Radio frequency 22 1.5.2 Global Positioning System 23 Reform and the research team who worked on this project are grateful for the advice from numerous researchers and practitioners. Especial 1.5.3 Alcohol sobriety monitoring 23 thanks to Mike Nellis who shed light on the history of electronic 1.6 The limitations of electronic monitoring 24 monitoring in UK.
    [Show full text]