Epithelial Tumor

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Epithelial Tumor EPITHELIAL TUMOR Dr. Oratna Ginting,Sp.KK Sub Bagian Bedah Kulit Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin RSU H.Adam Malik-FK USU Medan BENIGN EPITHELIAL TUMOR Pembagian berdasarkan gambaran klinis dan histologi antara lain terdiri dari 1. Seborrhe ic ke ratos is 2. Epidermal nevi 3. Epithelial cyst 4. Lichen striatus 5. dll Se bo rrhe ic ke ra tos is = senile wart = Veruka seboroik = Keratosis senilis Etiologi : tdk diketahui dengan pasti, tetapi faktor genetik dan sinar matahari memegang peranan Sering terjadi pada usia > 30 tahun Ruam dimulai dengan makula coklat kemudian membentuk papul atau plak yg melekat (stuck on) pada kulit, permukaannya kasar atau verukous yang tampak berminyak (greasy feel) Follicular plugs merupakan tanda khas Pada batang tubuh ruam biasanya mullltipel tersusun dengan gam baran “christmas tree” Se bo rrhe ic ke ra tos is Se bo rrhe ic ke ra tos is Varian Klinis Skin tag - Lesi berbentuk polipoid (1-2mm) dgn permukaan halus, beralur atau kasar - Terutama dijumpai pada leher, bawah mamma, axila - Diduga terjadi akibat trauma kronis - Kadang2 dapat lepas sendiri Skin tag Stucco keratosis - Ruam berupa papul multipel, diameter 3-4 mm, be rwa rna sepe rt i ku lit atau put ih abu2, simetris pada tungkai bawah - DD : Veruka vulgaris Irritated keratosis seborrheic - Dijumpai tanda2 radang pada ruam The sign of Leser Trelat - Dijumpai SK multipel pada penderita keganasan interna, seperti Adenocarsinoma lambung. - Ini membuktikan adanya pengaruh faktor internal seperti growth factor atau humoral factor Meskipun jarang, SK dilaporkan dapat bkberkem bang menjjdiadi keganasan seperti BCC, SSC, MM. Oleh karena itu, bila SK tumbuh cepat, sim toma tik, gambaran kliiklinisnya menja di atiiktipik sebaiknya dilakukan eksisi & dilakukan pemeriksaan PA Histopatologi : akantosis, papillomatosis, pseudohorn cysts, hiperkeratosis Terapi : Krioterapi ED & Kuret Shaving &ED Laser Eksisi Epide rma l nevus Meeupaarupakan ha ma atortoma, a,po prolife easdrasi dr epitelium Insiden 1 dari 1000 kelahiran 60% terjadi saat lahir, 80% pd tahun pertama kelahiran & selebihnya pada usia 1-7 tahun Tumor ini dibagi dalam beberapa subtipe berdasarkan distribusi lesi dan tipe sel yang menonjol seperti keratinosit, sebosit, unit pilosebasea, glandula ekrin Verrucous Epidermal Nevus Lesi berupa kelompokan papul2 yg verukosa, berwarna seperti warna kulit, coklat atau coklat abu2 Berbatas tegas, tersusun linier menurut garis Blaschko pada tungkai bawah Nevus unius lateris ILVEN Dijumpai tanda2 inflamasi eritema Skuama dan gatal Nevus Sebaceous of Jadassohn Nevus Comedonicus Epidermal nevus syndrome Epidermal nevi disertai dgn kelainan muutssteltisistem sepe sepetrti pe peturtumbu ha n abnormal dari sistem nervus, kardiovaskular, urogenital atau skeletal, dll Lic hen s tria tus JaJaarang gdju dijumpa pa,i, id dopatiopatik Biasanya resolusi spontan dalam 1-2 tahun Terutama terjadi pada tungkai wanita berumur 4 bulan – 15 tahun Ruamnya berupa papul dengan puncaknya flat 1-3 mm, berwarna pink, coklat atau hipopigmentasi Tersusun linier atau mengikuti garis Blaschko Lic hen s tria tus Kist a epid er ma l Eppdeiderm odcystoid cyst = keratin cyst = sebaceous cyst = epidermal cyst Kista dari epidermis berisi keratin Karena penyumbatan dari unit pilosebasea Ruamnya berupa nodul yang mobile pd ldlapisan dermis atau su bkdbbkutan, di bagian tengah dijumpai lekukan (central punctum), berwarna spt warna kulit,kekuning2an atau putih Bila lekukan ditekan bisa keluar massa seperti keju Tumbu h la mbat, as impto mat is, se ring pecah sendiri Predileksi : dada bagian atas ,pggg, punggung atas, leher, kepala, bisa juga pada telapak tangan, kaki atau bokong Koopmplikas i - Kista pecah & isi menyebar ke jaringan sekitar sehingga memberi reaksi “foreign bo dy ”, terja di inf ek si sekund er dgn bak teri aerobik atau anaerobik - Walaupun jarang, dapat berkembang menjadi maligna seperti BCC, SCC dll DD : Steatocystoma, isinya lebih cair Pilar cyst, lebih sering di kepala Lipp,oma, lebih lembut , lebih dalam dan tidak ada punctum Terapi : - Angkat seluruh dinding kista - Steroid intralesi 5 mg/ml untuk lesi yang kecil, meradang, lesi yg bersimptom - Lesi yang meradang, sakit, ada infeksi purulen dilakukan insisi dan isinya dikeluarkan, kemudian diberi antibiotika Tric hilemma l cys t = ppyilar cyst Kista yang berisi keratin dan dindingnya tbterbent tkuk ddiari epititlel Sering pada kepala yang berambut, terjadi dari lapisan luar akar folikel rambut NdlNodul yang mobile, padat, berbatas tegas Milia Merupppakan epidermoid cy yygst yang kecil2 Terjadi karena penyumbatan saluran pilosebasea atau kelenjar keringat ekrin Dapat dijumpai pada infant atau pada dewasa Dapat primer atau sekunder Lesi sekunder terjadi sesudah penyakit2 bullous subepidermis, luka bakar, dermabrasi, sesudah terapi laser yang dalam, peeling, sesudah terapi steroid topikal, atau 5 fluorourasil Ruamnya berupa papel, berbentuk kubah, 1-2 mm, keputih2an berisi keratin. Milia Lokasi pd pipi, kelopak mata Pada infant, dijumpai pada muka dan mukosa palatum (Epstein’ s pearls) Terapi : - Infant tdk perlu diobati, dapat mengalami resolusi spontan - Pada dewasa ED atau denggpan pisau no 11 di insisi kemudian keratinnya dikeluarkan EPITHELIAL PRECANCEROUS LESIONS Dr. Oratna Ginting,Sp.KK Sub Bagian Bedah Kulit Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin RSU H.Adam Malik-FK USU Medan EPITHELIAL PRECANCEROUS LESIONS Lesi prekanker / premaligna adalah lesi yg cenderung (berpotensi) menjadi maligna, dimana secara histologis sudah dijumpai sel yg atipik tetapi masih terbatas pada lapisan epidermis Precancerous keratinocytic lesions • Actinic keratoses • Arsenical keratoses • Hydrocarbon keratoses • Chronic radiation keratoses • Reactional keratoses • PUVA keratoses • Viral keratoses - Bowenoid papulosis - Epidermodysplasia verruciformis • Bowen disease or Squamous ce ll carc inoma in s itu • Erythroplasia of Queyrat • Leukoplakia • Erythroplakia AtiiActinic k krteratosi s Terjjppadi karena respon terhadap radiasi sinar matahari pada waktu lama secara kumulatif yg menyebabkan penyimpangan proliferasi sel keratinosit Walaupun tidak semua AK menjadi SCC tetapi AK berpotensi kuat menjadi SCC. Banyak faktor2 yg merupakan faktor resiko untuk terjadinya AK tetapi yg paling berperan adalah faktor host dan faktor radiasi sinar UV terutama UV B (290-320nm) Risk factors for development of Actinic keratoses • Individ ual s usceptibilit y - Older age - Male gender - Fair skin that easily burns and freckles - Blond or red hair - Light-colored eyes • Cumulative ultraviolet radiation exposure • Immunosuppression • Prior history of actinic keratoses or other skin cancers • GtidGenetic syndromes - Xeroderma pigmentosum - Bloom syndrome - keratoses Rothmund-Thomson syndrome Patogenesis - Sinar UV menyebabkan mutasi pada DNA yaitu pada ge n p53(tu mo r sup reso r) Distribusi - 80% terjadi pada kepala, leher, lengan bawah dan punggung tangan. □ Gambaran klinis - Bisa dijumpai gatal, rasa terbakar, menyengat, mudah berdarah - Ruam multipel berupa papul ø 2-6 mm, flat, dengan pinggir tidak tegas, skuama yang hiperkeratotik yang melekat dimana sulit & sakit bila diangg,kat, bila diraba terasa kasar seperti kertas pasir, krusta (+). - Ruamnya berwarna seperti warna kulit, kuning keco kla tan, co kla t dan dijumpa i bag ian 2 er itema - Ruam AK sering bersamaan dengan tanda2 fotoaging lainnyyppga seperti pigmen tidak merata , kekunin g-kuningg,an, ephelides, telangiektasis & kulit kendor AtiiActinic k krteratosi s Variasi klinis - Spreading Pigmented AK ruamnya > 1,5 cm, menyerupai Lentigo maligna (permukaanny a tidak verukous - Hypertropik AK susah dibedakan dengan SCC - Cutaneous horn (Cornu Cutaneum) ruamnya menyerupai SCC, SK, Veruka vulgaris yg filiform, keratoakantoma - Ac tini c cheiliti s sering mengenai bibir bawah bibir merah, berskuama, pecah2 kadang terjadi erosi/fissure, pinggir bibir menjadi tdk jelas, hiperkeratosis fokal, leukoplakia pasien mengeluh bibir kering dan retak2 bioppygsi untuk menyingkirkan SCC Cutaneous horn (Cornu Cutaneum) Actinic cheilitis Prognosis - AK bisa menetap, regresi spontan atau menjjdiadi maligna - Bila ruamnya menjadi sakit, indurasi, cepat membesar, ulkus, perdarahan, terjadi rekuren atau persisten setelah diobati merupakan tanda AK berkembang menjadi SCC Preventif - Batasi pajanan terhadap SM, sebaiknya sejak usia dini - Sunscreen, pakai pelindung, topikal retinoid Terapi - Krioterapi (Nitrogen cair) - Kuret dengan atau tanpa ED - Shave dengan atau tanpa ED - Topikal 5 fluorourasil cream, 5% imiquimod cream - Dermabrasi, peeling dll Bowen’sDisease s Disease Merupakan SCC insitu, mengenai kulit & mukosa Etio log i : ber baga i fa ktor seperti SM, arsenic, radiasi, imunosupressor, HPV Dapat dijumpai pada semua bagian tubuh, tetapi terutama pd daerah2 yg terpajan SM Ruamnya berupa plak tipis, pink atau eritematous dengan batas tegas, piiinggir iilreguler, diatasnya dijumpai skuama atau krusta, bisa juga ppyp/,ermukaannya hiperkeratotik/verukous, membesar secara perlahan, bisa mencapai beberapa cm - Lesi biasanya soliter Tidak gatal Variasi klinis bisa pigmented, dapat terjadi di intertriginosa, periungual dan subungual Histopatologi : sel2 atipik dapat dijumpai pada seluruh lapisan epidermis dan adnexa Prognosa : 3-5% BD berkembang menjadi SCC invasi f B’DiBowen’s Disease Terapi - Eksisi - Kuret dengan atau tanpa ED - Kriosurgery Liq. Nitrogen - 5 fluorourasil / 5% Imiquimod cream - Laser ablasi - Radioterapi Ery thro
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