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The Bootable Cluster CD∗ High Performance Computing Environments Without the Fuss: The Bootable Cluster CD∗ Sarah M. Diesburg and Paul A. Gray Department of Computer Science University of Northern Iowa Cedar Falls, IA 50614 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] David Joiner Department of Science and Technology Education Kean University Union, NJ 07083 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This paper confronts the issue of bringing high per- Keywords: Practical experiences with parallel and dis- formance computing (HPC) education to those who do tributed systems, clustering environments, diskless clusters, not have access to a dedicated clustering environments in PXE-boot clusters, high performance computing environ- an easy, fully-functional, inexpensive manner through the ments, high performance computing education use of the “Bootable Cluster CD” (BCCD). As an exam- ple, many primarily undergraduate institutions (PUI’s) do not have the facilities, time, or money to purchase hard- 1. Introduction ware, maintain user accounts, configure software compo- The Bootable Cluster CD (BCCD, [9]) is a bootable CD nents, and keep ahead of the latest security advisories for image that boots up into a pre-configured distributed com- a dedicated clustering environment. The BCCD project’s puting environment. It is unique among bootable cluster- primary goal is to support an instantaneous, drop-in dis- ing approaches in its ability to provide a complete clus- tributed computing environment. A consequence of provid- tering environment with pre-configured clustering applica- ing such an environment is the ability to promote the edu- tions and examples a full repertoire of development tools. cation of high performance computing issues at the under- This provides those who do not have access to a dedicated graduate level through the ability to turn an ordinary lab cluster, such as undergraduate students and independent re- of networked workstations temporarily into a non-invasive, searchers, with the tools and building blocks necessary to fully-functional clustering classroom. teach themselves the core concepts of high performance The BCCD itself is a self-contained clustering environ- computing (HPC) through easy, hands-on experimentation. ment in a bootable CD format. Using the BCCD, students, In many places, such as primarily undergraduate institu- educators and researchers are able to gain insight into con- tions (PUI’s), generic computer labs are becoming univer- figuration, utilization, troubleshooting, debugging, and ad- sally available for class-time use. The BCCD can be used to ministration issues uniquely associated with parallel com- temporarily turn these computer labs into a convenient, non- puting in a live, easy to use “drop-in” clustering environ- destructive (no installation required), pre-configured clus- ment. As the name implies, the BCCD provides a full, co- tering environment, providing a full array of clustering tools hesive clustering environment running GNU/Linux when and environments. In the same way, the BCCD can be used booted from the CDROM drives of networked workstations. to turn a couple of household computers into a personal, home clustering environment. ∗ Work supported in part by a grant from the National Computational The BCCD system runs entirely from the host system’s Science Institute (NCSI) RAM and does not require nor use the local system disc Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS’05) 1530-2075/05 $ 20.00 IEEE by default. Through this “overlay” approach, the BCCD’s accepts these keys in an appropriate way, the local BCCD main asset is being able to convert multiple workstations user can leverage the corresponding private key (which is running various operating systems into a coherent and pow- not disclosed) to execute commands and gain access to the erful clustering environment. This means that the BCCD of- remote machine. Many clustering tools require the ability fers a drop in solution that requires no dual-boot configu- to execute certain commands on remote machines without rations, minimal system configuration, no ongoing admin- requiring the user to input his or her password. Using a istration, and an extremely robust on-demand development public-key broadcasting approach with pkbcast, as well as environment for the teaching and learning of HPC. other custom scripts provided with the BCCD to ease net- work configuration, formation of cluster “groups”, and spe- 2. What Makes the BCCD Different? cialized bootup modes, hosts booted with the BCCD can be easily brought together into a single computational environ- There are several clustering implementations to choose ment. from when deciding on a parallel computing environ- ment for HPC education. Clustering distributions, such as OSCAR[4] and NPACI-Rocks[15], add on or inte- 4. Contents of the BCCD grate with standard Linux distributions. While this ap- proach benefits from pre-configured packages and clus- A wide breadth of pre-configured clustering applications ter administration tools, it also requires dedicated re- are already included on the BCCD, such as openMosix[1], sources. Dynamic (non-invasive) environments, which in- MPICH[10], LAM-MPI[3], PVM[7], and PVFS2[12]. clude ClusterKnoppix[16], CHAOS[13], PlumpOS, and OpenMosix support (as seen in Figure 1 below) pro- LOAF[2] (Linux On A Floppy), do not require dedi- vides kernel-level process migration and clustering ca- cated resources in that these drop-in clustering environ- pabilities across a BCCD-based cluster. Using visualiza- ments install nothing to the hard drive. In many instances, tion tools such as openmosixview, openmosixmigmon these environments only support a limited number of clus- (the openMosix migration monitor), openmosixana- tering paradigms (such as openMosix, but not PVM), and lyzer, mosmon, and mtop (openMosix “top”), students one cannot introduce new software or clustering applica- can explore the characteristics of kernel-based cluster- tions to the environment (as in ClusterKnoppix, CHAOS, ing. The version of openMosix running on the BCCD and Loaf). matches the running kernel; the openMosix-tools ver- The BCCD, on the other hand, combines the best of both sion is 0.3.5; the openMosixView distribution on the BCCD worlds in that it requires no dedicated resources (no installa- is version 1.5. tion to the hard drive), no pre-configuration of packages, no MPICH is the default MPI environment on the BCCD. administration, and includes a large customizable amount Debugging tools are included, such as the MPE tools mpi- of various clustering and development environments. log, mpitrace, and mpianim. A graphical visualization tools also exits called upshot. Multiple pre-configured example 3. How the BCCD Works programs for MPICH already exist on the BCCD linked conveniently off the default home directory. The BCCD is inherently customizable by design. The en- With a simple change to the “live” runtime system, or tire system is dynamically built from web-fetched sources by creating a custom image, the MPI runtime environment in a cross-compiling process referred to as “gar”. The build can easily default to LAM-MPI support. LAM-MPI is an process brings together source code and local customiza- alternate MPI environment on the BCCD. Also included is tions in order to produce the final raw CDROM image. This XMPI, a graphical debugger that allows you to start MPI allows special, customized images of the BCCD to be eas- applications compiled with LAM-MPI and view message ily built, such as images that contain extra applications or passing events during execution. And just like with MPICH, images that require a personal private RSA key to unlock. the BCCD contains multiple pre-configured example pro- A group of workstations can be formed into a power- grams to be easily run with the LAM-MPI environment. ful clustering environment with the BCCD through a rela- Support is also available for creating, compiling, run- tively simple process. Each BCCD-booted workstation uti- ning, and debugging programs under the PVM environ- lizes the existing TCP/IP network to automatically config- ment. Users can run PVM programs from the command ure the network environment. If a DHCP or DNS server is line, from the pvm console, or from the graphical tool xpvm, not present, another BCCD-booted workstation can be eas- which serves as a real time performance monitor for PVM ily configured to offer those services. tasks. Again, just like with MPICH and LAM-MPI, pre- The pkbcast process then begins to broadcast the pub- configured PVM example programs are preloaded on the lic keys of each BCCD user/node. If a remote BCCD user BCCD for educational convenience. Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS’05) 1530-2075/05 $ 20.00 IEEE Figure 1. Process migration using openMosix on the BCCD. The openMosix paradigm is a task-based paral- lelization model. The above figure illustrates the seamless distribution of twenty tasks through the openMosix kernel scheduler. Distributed monitoring is shown through the openmosixview application (back) and in a ter- minal window using mosmon (front left). Using the openmosixmigmon interface (middle), users can drag-and-drop icons representing openMosix tasks from one resource to another. PVFS2 is an open-source, scalable parallel file system tribution and gathering, process termination, remote shut- designed to scale to very large numbers of clients and down and restart, and system image updates. A specialized servers. PVFS2 support can be used on the BCCD to sup- BCCD bootup mode (discussed later) facilitates the use of port teaching aspects of filesystems related to parallel en- C3 tools. OpenPBS is a flexible batch queuing system. vironments, access existing PVFS2 volumes served on an- These applications are available without requiring con- other cluster, or to support filesystem distribution over a figuration, installation, or administration by the end user(s). drop-in cluster environment. The BCCD currently contains They have been provided on the BCCD image so that the fo- 1 PVFS2 version 0.8 , integrated into the 2.4.25 Linux ker- cus can be on how to “use” a cluster instead of how to setup, nel.
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