Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67115-6 - Coping with Minority Status: Responses to Exclusion and Inclusion Edited by Fabrizio Butera and John M. Levine Frontmatter More information

Coping with Minority Status Responses to Exclusion and Inclusion Society consists of numerous interconnected, interacting, and interdependent groups, which differ in power and status. The consequences of belonging to a more powerful, higher status “majority” versus a less powerful, lower status “minority” can be profound, and the tensions that arise between these groups are the root of society’s most difficult problems. To understand the origins of these problems and develop solutions for them, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of majori- ty–minority relations. This volume brings together leading scholars in the fields of stigma, prejudice and discrimination, minority influence, and intergroup relations to provide diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives on what it means to be a minority. The volume, which focuses on the strategies that minorities use in coping with majorities, is organized into three parts: “Coping with exclusion: Being excluded for who you are”; “Coping with exclusion: Being excluded for what you think and do”; and “Coping with inclusion.” Fabrizio Butera is Professor of Social Psychology at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, as well as director of the Social Psychology Laboratory. His research interests focus on social influence processes, conflict, and social comparison. He currently is a member of the Executive Committee of the European Association of Social Psychology and recently served as Associate Editor of the European Journal of Social Psychology. Professor Butera has published extensively in lead- ing journals in social psychology and has coedited several volumes, including Toward a Clarification of the Effects of Achievement Goals (with C. Darnon and J. Harackiewicz), Learning at the University (with R. Johnson, D. Johnson, and G. Mugny), and Social Influence in Social Reality (with G. Mugny). John M. Levine is Professor of Psychology and Senior Scientist in the Learning Research and Development Center at the University of Pittsburgh. His research focuses on small group processes, including innovation in work teams, group reaction to deviance and disloyalty, majority and minority influence, and group socialization. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and the American Psychological Society and served as Executive Committee Chair of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology and as Editor of the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Professor Levine has published papers on a wide range of small group phenomena and has coedited Teacher and Student Perceptions: Implications for Learning (with M. Wang), Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition (with L. Resnick and S. Teasley), and Shared Cognition in Organizations: The Management of Knowledge (with L. Thompson and D. Messick).

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67115-6 - Coping with Minority Status: Responses to Exclusion and Inclusion Edited by Fabrizio Butera and John M. Levine Frontmatter More information

Coping with Minority Status

Responses to Exclusion and Inclusion

Edited by Fabrizio Butera University of Lausanne

John M. Levine University of Pittsburgh

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67115-6 - Coping with Minority Status: Responses to Exclusion and Inclusion Edited by Fabrizio Butera and John M. Levine Frontmatter More information

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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data Coping with minority status : responses to exclusion and inclusion / edited by Fabrizio Butera, John M. Levine. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-521-85499-3 (hardback) – isbn 978-0-521-67115-6 (pbk.) 1. Marginality, Social–United States. 2. Prejudices–United States. 3. Minorities–United States. 4. Discrimination. I. Butera, Fabrizio, 1965– II. Levine, John M. III. Title. hn90.s6.c67 2010 305.5Ł6–dc22 2009007772

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© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67115-6 - Coping with Minority Status: Responses to Exclusion and Inclusion Edited by Fabrizio Butera and John M. Levine Frontmatter More information

Contents

Contributors page vii

Introduction 1 Fabrizio Butera and John M. Levine

Part 1. Coping with exclusion: Being excluded for who you are 1 On being the target of prejudice: Educational implications 13 Michael Inzlicht, Joshua Aronson, and Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton 2 “To climb or not to climb?” When minorities stick to the floor 38 Margarita Sanchez-Mazas and Annalisa Casini 3 Managing the message: Using social influence and attitude change strategies to confront interpersonal discrimination 55 Janet K. Swim, Sarah J. Gervais, Nicholas Pearson, and Charles Stangor 4 A new representation of minorities as victims 82 Serge Moscovici and Juan A. Pérez 5 Marginalization through social ostracism: Effects of being ignored and excluded 104 Kipling D. Williams and Adrienne R. Carter-Sowell

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vi Contents

Part 2. Coping with exclusion: Being excluded for what you think and do 6 Delinquents as a minority group: Accidental tourists in forbidden territory or voluntary emigrées? 125 Nicholas Emler 7 Minority-group identification: Responses to discrimination when group membership is controllable 155 Jolanda Jetten and Nyla R. Branscombe 8 Coping with stigmatization: Smokers’ reactions to antismoking campaigns 177 Juan Manuel Falomir-Pichastor, Armand Chatard, Gabriel Mugny, and Alain Quiamzade 9 Terrorism as a tactic of minority influence 202 Xiaoyan Chen and Arie W. Kruglanski 10 The stigma of racist activism 222 Kathleen M. Blee 11 Why groups fall apart: A social psychological model of the schismatic process 243 Fabio Sani

Part 3. Coping with inclusion 12 Multiple identities and the paradox of social inclusion 269 Manuela Barreto and Naomi Ellemers 13 Prominority policies and cultural change: A dilemma for minorities 293 Angelica Mucchi-Faina 14 Influence without credit: How successful minorities respond to social cryptomnesia 311 Fabrizio Butera, John M. Levine, and Jean-Pierre Vernet 15 Influence and its aftermath: Motives for agreement among minorities and majorities 333 Radmila Prislin and P. Niels Christensen

Index 355

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Contributors

Joshua Aronson, New York University, USA Manuela Barreto, Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal Kathleen M. Blee, University of Pittsburgh, USA Nyla R. Branscombe, University of Kansas, USA Fabrizio Butera, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland Adrienne R. Carter-Sowell, Purdue University, USA Annalisa Casini, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Armand Chatard, Université de Genève, Switzerland Xiaoyan Chen, University of Maryland, USA P. Niels Christensen, Radford University, USA Naomi Ellemers, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands Nicholas Emler, University of Surrey, UK Juan Manuel Falomir-Pichastor, Université de Genève, Switzerland Sarah J. Gervais, Pennsylvania State University, USA Michael Inzlicht, University of Toronto, Canada Jolanda Jetten, University of Queensland, Australia/University of Exeter, UK Arie W. Kruglanski, University of Maryland, USA John M. Levine, University of Pittsburgh, USA Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, University of California, Berkeley, USA

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© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67115-6 - Coping with Minority Status: Responses to Exclusion and Inclusion Edited by Fabrizio Butera and John M. Levine Frontmatter More information

viii Contributors

Serge Moscovici, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, France Angelica Mucchi-Faina, Università di Perugia, Italy Gabriel Mugny, Université de Genève, Switzerland Nicholas Pearson, Pennsylvania State University, USA Juan A. Pérez, Universitat de València, Spain Radmila Prislin, San Diego State University, USA Alain Quiamzade, Universités de Genève et Fribourg, Formation Universitaire à Distance, Switzerland Margarita Sanchez-Mazas, Université de Genève, Switzerland Fabio Sani, Univerisity of Dundee, UK Charles Stangor, University of Maryland, USA Janet K. Swim, Pennsylvania State University, USA Jean-Pierre Vernet, Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Portugal Kipling D. Williams, Purdue University, USA

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