The Book of Frogs
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Ascaphus Truei) Across
LIFE HISTORY OF THE COASTAL TAILED FROG (ASCAPHUS TRUEI) ACROSS AN ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA By Adrian Daniel Macedo A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology Committee Membership Dr. John O. Reiss, Committee Chair Dr. Daniel C. Barton, Committee Member Dr. Karen L. Pope, Committee Member Dr. Sharyn B. Marks, Committee Member Dr. Erik Jules, Program Graduate Coordinator December 2019 ABSTRACT LIFE HISTORY OF THE COASTAL TAILED FROG (ASCAPHUS TRUEI) ACROSS AN ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Adrian D. Macedo The life history of a species is described in terms of its growth, longevity, and reproduction. Unsurprisingly, life history traits are known to vary in many taxa across environmental gradients. In the case of amphibians, species at high elevations and latitudes tend to have shorter breeding seasons, shorter activity periods, longer larval periods, reach sexual maturity at older ages, and produce fewer and larger clutches per year. The Coastal Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei) is an ideal species for the study of geographic variation in life history because it ranges across most of the Pacific Northwest from northern California into British Columbia, and along its range it varies geographically in larval period and morphology. During a California Department of Fish and Wildlife restoration project in the Trinity Alps Wilderness, I had incidental captures of Coastal Tailed Frog larvae and adults. To date, no population across the species’ range has been described above 2000m. These populations in the Trinity Alps range from 150m to over 2100m in elevation, and those that are in the higher part of the range are likely living at the species’ maximum elevational limit. -
No 1037/2007 of 29 August 2007 Suspending the Introduction Into the Community of Specimens of Certain Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
11.9.2007EN Official Journal of the European Union L 238/3 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1037/2007 of 29 August 2007 suspending the introduction into the Community of specimens of certain species of wild fauna and flora THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, certain species listed in Annexes A and B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 will be seriously jeopardised if their introduction into the Community from certain countries of origin is not suspended. The introduction Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European of the following species should therefore be suspended: Community, Capra falconeri from Uzbekistan (hunting trophies); Manis temminckii from Democratic Republic of the Congo; Hier- aaetus ayresii, Polemaetus bellicosus, Sagittarius serpentarius, Poicephalus gulielmi, Glaucidium perlatum, Scotopelia Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 of bouvieri and Chamaeleo montium from Cameroon; Torgos 9 December 1996 on the protection of species of wild fauna tracheliotus from Cameroon and Sudan; Coracopsis vasa 1 and flora by regulating trade therein ( ) and in particular Article from Madagascar; Otus leucotis from Guinea; Geochelone 19(2) thereof, sulcata from Togo (ranched specimens); Pelochelys cantorii, Hippocampus barbouri, H. comes, H. histrix and H. spino- sissimus from Indonesia; Strombus gigas from Grenada; Agaricia agaricites from Haiti; Platygyra sinensis from After consulting the Scientific Review Group, Tonga; Dendrobium bellatulum, D. wardianum and Phalae- nopsis parishii from Vietnam. Whereas: (5) The -
Amphibiaweb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth
AmphibiaWeb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth Created and Illustrated by the 2020-2021 AmphibiaWeb URAP Team: Alice Drozd, Arjun Mehta, Ash Reining, Kira Wiesinger, and Ann T. Chang This introduction to amphibians was written by University of California, Berkeley AmphibiaWeb Undergraduate Research Apprentices for people who love amphibians. Thank you to the many AmphibiaWeb apprentices over the last 21 years for their efforts. Edited by members of the AmphibiaWeb Steering Committee CC BY-NC-SA 2 Dedicated in loving memory of David B. Wake Founding Director of AmphibiaWeb (8 June 1936 - 29 April 2021) Dave Wake was a dedicated amphibian biologist who mentored and educated countless people. With the launch of AmphibiaWeb in 2000, Dave sought to bring the conservation science and basic fact-based biology of all amphibians to a single place where everyone could access the information freely. Until his last day, David remained a tirelessly dedicated scientist and ally of the amphibians of the world. 3 Table of Contents What are Amphibians? Their Characteristics ...................................................................................... 7 Orders of Amphibians.................................................................................... 7 Where are Amphibians? Where are Amphibians? ............................................................................... 9 What are Bioregions? ..................................................................................10 Conservation of Amphibians Why Save Amphibians? ............................................................................. -
Missouri's Toads and Frogs Booklet
TOADSMissouri’s andFROGS by Jeffrey T. Briggler and Tom R. Johnson, Herpetologists www.MissouriConservation.org © 1982, 2008 Missouri Conservation Commission Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from programs of the Missouri Department of Conservation is available to all individuals without regard to their race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability. Questions should be directed to the Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102, (573) 751-4115 (voice) or 800-735-2966 (TTY), or to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Federal Assistance, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Mail Stop: MBSP-4020, Arlington, VA 22203. Cover photo: Eastern gray treefrog by Tom R. Johnson issouri toads and frogs are colorful, harmless, vocal and valuable. Our forests, prairies, rivers, swamps and marshes are Mhome to a multitude of toads and frogs, but few people know how many varieties we have, how to tell them apart, or much about their natural history. Studying these animals and sharing their stories with fellow Missourians is one of the most pleasurable and rewarding aspects of our work. Toads and frogs are amphibians—a class Like most of vertebrate animals that also includes amphibians, salamanders and the tropical caecilians, which are long, slender, wormlike and legless. frogs and Missouri has 26 species and subspecies (or toads have geographic races) of toads and frogs. Toads and frogs differ from salamanders by having an aquatic relatively short bodies and lacking tails at adulthood. Being an amphibian means that tadpole stage they live two lives: an aquatic larval or tadpole and a semi- stage and a semi-aquatic or terrestrial adult stage. -
ROCKY MOUNTAIN TAILED FROG Ascaphus Montanus
ROCKY MOUNTAIN T AILED FROG Ascaphus montanus Original prepared by Linda A. Dupuis Species Information copper bar or triangle between the eyes and snout, with green undertones (Metter 1964a). Taxonomy Tadpoles are roughly 11 mm in length upon hatching, and can reach up to 65 mm long prior to Phylogenetic studies have determined that tailed metamorphosis (Brown 1990). They possess a wide frogs belong in their own monotypic family, flattened oral disc modified into a suction mouth for Ascaphidae (Green et al. 1989; Jamieson et al. 1993). clinging to rocks in swift currents and grazing Recent phylogeographic analysis has determined that periphyton (Metter 1964a, 1967; Nussbaum et al. coastal and inland assemblages of the tailed frog are 1983), a ventrally flattened body, and a laterally sufficiently divergent to warrant designation as two compressed tail bordered by a low dorsal fin. They distinct species: Ascaphus truei and Ascaphus are black or light brownish-grey, often with fine montanus (Nielson et al. 2001). The divergence of black speckling; lighter flecks may or may not be coastal and inland populations is likely attributable present (Dupuis, pers. obs.). The tadpoles usually to isolation in refugia in response to the rise of the possess a white dot (ocellus) on the tip of the tail Cascade Mountains during the late Miocene to early and often have a distinct copper-coloured bar or Pliocene (Nielson et al. 2001). triangle between the eyes and snout. Hatchlings lack The Coastal Tailed Frog and Rocky Mountain Tailed pigmentation, and are most easily characterized by Frog are the only members of the family Ascaphidae the large, conspicuous yolk sac in the abdomen. -
Riparian Management and the Tailed Frog in Northern Coastal Forests
Forest Ecology and Management 124 (1999) 35±43 Riparian management and the tailed frog in northern coastal forests Linda Dupuis*,1, Doug Steventon Centre for Applied Conservation Biology, Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 Ministry of Forests, Prince Rupert Region, Bag 5000, Smithers, BC, Canada V0J 2N0 Received 28 July 1998; accepted 19 January 1999 Abstract Although the importance of aquatic environments and adjacent riparian habitats for ®sh have been recognized by forest managers, headwater creeks have received little attention. The tailed frog, Ascaphus truei, inhabits permanent headwaters, and several US studies suggest that its populations decline following clear-cut logging practices. In British Columbia, this species is considered to be at risk because little is known of its abundance, distribution patterns in the landscape, and habitat needs. We characterized nine logged, buffered and old-growth creeks in each of six watersheds (n 54). Tadpole densities were obtained by area-constrained searches. Despite large natural variation in population size, densities decreased with increasing levels of ®ne sediment (<64 mm diameter), rubble, detritus and wood, and increased with bank width. The parameters that were correlated with lower tadpole densities were found at higher levels in clear-cut creeks than in creeks of other stand types. Tadpole densities were signi®cantly lower in logged streams than in buffered and old-growth creeks; thus, forested buffers along streams appear to maintain natural channel conditions. To prevent direct physical damage and sedimentation of channel beds, we suggest that buffers be retained along permanent headwater creeks. Creeks that display characteristics favoring higher tadpole densities, such as those that have coarse, stable substrates, should have management priority over less favorable creeks. -
Goliath Frogs Build Nests for Spawning – the Reason for Their Gigantism? Marvin Schäfera, Sedrick Junior Tsekanéb, F
JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 2019, VOL. 53, NOS. 21–22, 1263–1276 https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1642528 Goliath frogs build nests for spawning – the reason for their gigantism? Marvin Schäfera, Sedrick Junior Tsekanéb, F. Arnaud M. Tchassemb, Sanja Drakulića,b,c, Marina Kamenib, Nono L. Gonwouob and Mark-Oliver Rödel a,b,c aMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany; bFaculty of Science, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; cFrogs & Friends, Berlin, Germany ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY In contrast to its popularity, astonishingly few facts have become Received 16 April 2019 known about the biology of the Goliath Frog, Conraua goliath.We Accepted 7 July 2019 herein report the so far unknown construction of nests as spawning KEYWORDS sites by this species. On the Mpoula River, Littoral District, West Amphibia; Anura; Cameroon; Cameroon we identified 19 nests along a 400 m section. Nests Conraua goliath; Conrauidae; could be classified into three types. Type 1 constitutes rock pools parental care that were cleared by the frogs from detritus and leaf-litter; type 2 constitutes existing washouts at the riverbanks that were cleared from leaf-litter and/or expanded, and type 3 were depressions dug by the frogs into gravel riverbanks. The cleaning and digging activ- ities of the frogs included removal of small to larger items, ranging from sand and leaves to larger stones. In all nest types eggs and tadpoles of C. goliath were detected. All nest types were used for egg deposition several times, and could comprise up to three distinct cohorts of tadpoles. -
Amphibian Protocol the Survey Protocols Below Are from BC Frog Watch
Amphibian Protocol The survey protocols below are from BC Frog Watch: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frogwatch/frogwatching/how.htm Because populations fluctuate each year in relation to climatic conditions, such as snowpack or spring rains, long-term data are required to accurately assess the status of a species or the productivity of a wetland. There are a number of techniques that can be used to monitor amphibians. The two described below can be used alone or in combination. Please note: Any protocol that involves wading in a wetland must consider the possibility of the transmission of infection from one area to another. Consult the BC Disinfection Protocol. Call Surveys This technique is used to survey frogs and toads, species which vocalize during the breeding season. Surveyors visit the monitoring site(s) in spring and listen for calling males , (this is a link to a recording of each species’ breeding call) recording the species and approximate number of each. Repeat surveys increase the probability that species will be detected. Define a survey transect along or through your wetland. Describe in enough detail that someone else can follow the same route. It can be along the edge of open water or any other route that makes sense. Use GPS locations to confirm the route if possible. Follow the same transect on each survey. This technique is relatively easy, inexpensive, and takes little training, but only one life stage can be surveyed and the technique is only effective for some species and geographic locations (see Table 1 below). Questions you can answer with this technique: • What species of frog and toad call at this site in any given year? • Do the same species breed at the site each year? • Approximately how many males are in the breeding population at this site in any given year? • When does breeding take place at this site each year and how long does it last? Visual Surveys All life stages can be surveyed visually at breeding sites or along roads and much information is gleaned from this survey technique. -
Summary Record of the 26Th Meeting of the Animals Committee
Original language: English AC26 summary record CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________ Twenty-sixth meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 15-20 March 2012 and Dublin (Ireland), 22-24 March 2012 SUMMARY RECORD Animals Committee matters 1. Opening of the meeting The Chair opened the meeting and welcomed all participants, before giving the floor to the Secretary- General, who also welcomed everyone and introduced new members of the Secretariat's scientific team (Mr De Meulenaer and Ms Kwitsinskaia) and enforcement team (Ms Garcia Ferreira, Ms Jonsson and Mr van Rensburg). He wished the Committee well in its deliberations. The Chair thanked the Secretary-General and invited suggestions as to how the Conference of the Parties could establish stronger measures to support the Committee as well as export countries, which deserved particular assistance. No other intervention was made during discussion of this item.1 2. Rules of Procedure The Secretariat introduced document AC26 Doc. 2 and proposed amending Rule 22 as follows: “On request, the Secretariat shall distribute printed and translated documents...”. The Secretariat explained that most members regularly indicated that they did not need printed copies and that this proposal was made to reduce costs. Although not opposed to the change in principle, a Party regretted that the suggestion had not been presented in the document, which would have given Parties time to consider it, and was concerned that this unannounced proposal might create a precedent. Another Party asked a question on the procedure to accept observers, but the Chair invited it to raise this topic under agenda item 4 on Admission of observers. -
Data on Metabolic Rates Across Anurans
Table S3. Species of anurans and outgroups used for the phylogenetic inference and meta-analysis of the metabolic parameters in Anura. Data include accession numbers, metabolic measurements, and references of physiological data. VO2RES VO2RES VO2EX VO2EX (ml/h) Mass (ml/h) Mass (ml/h) Mass (ml/h) Mass Family Genus species 1216S 20°C (g) 25°C (g) 20°C (g) 25°C (g) Ref. Lepidosirenidae Lepidosiren paradoxa NC003342 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Phasianidae Gallus gallus AP003319 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hominidae Homo sapiens AC000021 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Typhlonectidae Typhlonectes natans NC002471 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Caeciliidae Gegeneophis ramaswamii NC006301 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Rhinatrematidae Rhinatrema bivittatum NC006303 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hynobiidae Hynobius formosanus NC008084 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Plethodontidae Eurycea bislineata AY728217 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Ambystomatidae Ambystoma mexicanum NC005797 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Alytidae Alytes obstetricans * -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Alytidae Discoglossus galganoi NC006690 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Alytidae Discoglossus pictus * 1.142 30.71 -- -- 8.166 30.70 -- -- (1) Arthroleptidae Arthroleptis variabilis DQ283081 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Arthroleptidae Trichobatrachus robustus AY843773 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Batrachophrynidae Caudiverbera caudiverbera DQ283439 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (1) Bombinatoridae Bombina orientalis AY957562 0.149 2.62 0.340 3.79 1.230 2.60 -- -- (2) Brevicipitidae Callulina kreffti AY326068 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Bufonidae Atelopus peruensis AY819329 -
Hand and Foot Musculature of Anura: Structure, Homology, Terminology, and Synapomorphies for Major Clades
HAND AND FOOT MUSCULATURE OF ANURA: STRUCTURE, HOMOLOGY, TERMINOLOGY, AND SYNAPOMORPHIES FOR MAJOR CLADES BORIS L. BLOTTO, MARTÍN O. PEREYRA, TARAN GRANT, AND JULIÁN FAIVOVICH BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY HAND AND FOOT MUSCULATURE OF ANURA: STRUCTURE, HOMOLOGY, TERMINOLOGY, AND SYNAPOMORPHIES FOR MAJOR CLADES BORIS L. BLOTTO Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina MARTÍN O. PEREYRA División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva “Claudio J. Bidau,” Instituto de Biología Subtropical–CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina TARAN GRANT Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Coleção de Anfíbios, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Associate, Herpetology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History JULIÁN FAIVOVICH División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Research Associate, Herpetology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American -
1704632114.Full.Pdf
Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous PNAS PLUS diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary Yan-Jie Fenga, David C. Blackburnb, Dan Lianga, David M. Hillisc, David B. Waked,1, David C. Cannatellac,1, and Peng Zhanga,1 aState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; bDepartment of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; cDepartment of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Collections, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712; and dMuseum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Contributed by David B. Wake, June 2, 2017 (sent for review March 22, 2017; reviewed by S. Blair Hedges and Jonathan B. Losos) Frogs (Anura) are one of the most diverse groups of vertebrates The poor resolution for many nodes in anuran phylogeny is and comprise nearly 90% of living amphibian species. Their world- likely a result of the small number of molecular markers tra- wide distribution and diverse biology make them well-suited for ditionally used for these analyses. Previous large-scale studies assessing fundamental questions in evolution, ecology, and conser- used 6 genes (∼4,700 nt) (4), 5 genes (∼3,800 nt) (5), 12 genes vation. However, despite their scientific importance, the evolutionary (6) with ∼12,000 nt of GenBank data (but with ∼80% missing history and tempo of frog diversification remain poorly understood. data), and whole mitochondrial genomes (∼11,000 nt) (7). In By using a molecular dataset of unprecedented size, including 88-kb the larger datasets (e.g., ref.