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SATELLITE DATA for Weather Forecasting VOL. 98 NO. 3 MAR 2017 Mars 2020 Mission Earth Science Jobs: Seven Projections Earth & Space Science News Landsat Archive of Greenland Glaciers SATELLITE DATA for Weather Forecasting Earth & Space Science News Contents MARCH 2017 VOLUME 98, ISSUE 3 PROJECT UPDATE 20 Using LANDSAT to Take the Long View on Greenland Glaciers A new web-based data portal gives scientists access to more than 40 years of satellite imagery, providing seasonal to long-term insights into outflows from Greenland’s ice sheet. PROJECT UPDATE 32 Seeking Signs of Life and More: NASA’s Mars 2020 Mission The next Mars rover will be able to land near rugged terrain, giving scientists access to diverse landscapes. It will also cache core samples, a first step in the quest 26 to return samples to Earth. COVER OPINION Transforming Satellite Data Seven Projections 14 for Earth and Space into Weather Forecasts Science Jobs What do recent political changes mean A NASA project spans the gap between research and operations, for the job market? In the short term, not introducing new composites of satellite imagery to weather much. But long term, expect privatization, forecasters. contract employment, and more. Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 1 Contents DEPARTMENTS Editor in Chief Barbara T. Richman: AGU, Washington, D. C., USA; eos_ [email protected] Editors Christina M. S. Cohen Wendy S. Gordon Carol A. Stein California Institute Ecologia Consulting, Department of Earth and of Technology, Pasadena, Austin, Texas, USA; Environmental Sciences, Calif., USA; wendy@ecologiaconsulting University of Illinois at cohen@srl .caltech.edu .com Chicago, Chicago, Ill., José D. Fuentes David Halpern USA; [email protected] Department of Meteorology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pennsylvania State Pasadena, Calif., USA; University, University davidhalpern29@gmail Park, Pa., USA; .com [email protected] 17 Editorial Advisory Board Nathan T. Bridges, Planetary Sciences John W. Lane, Near-Surface Geophysics Mark G. Flanner, Atmospheric Sciences Jian Lin, Tectonophysics Nicola J. Fox, Space Physics Figen Mekik, Paleoceanography 37 AGU News and Aeronomy and Paleoclimatology Peter Fox, Earth and Space Science Jerry L. Miller, Ocean Sciences AGU Approves Renovation of Informatics Thomas H. Painter, Cryosphere Steve Frolking, Biogeosciences Sciences Headquarters. Edward J. Garnero, Study of the Philip J. Rasch, Global Environmental Earth’s Deep Interior Change Michael N. Gooseff, Hydrology Eric M. Riggs, Education 38–42 Research Spotlight Brian C. Gunter, Geodesy Adrian Tuck, Nonlinear Geophysics Kristine C. Harper, History Sergio Vinciguerra, Mineral Reading Raindrops: Microphysics of Geophysics and Rock Physics in Typhoon Matmo; Smoke Signals Susan E. Hough, Natural Hazards Andrew C. Wilcox, Earth and Planetary Emily R. Johnson, Volcanology, Surface Processes in the Amazon; Probing the Source Geochemistry, and Petrology Earle Williams, Atmospheric Properties of Deep Earthquakes; Keith D. Koper, Seismology and Space Electricity Major Ocean Circulation Pattern Robert E. Kopp, Geomagnetism Mary Lou Zoback, Societal Impacts and Paleomagnetism and Policy Sciences at Risk from Greenland Ice Melt; 4 Staff Clouds in Production and Design: Faith A. Ishii, Production Manager; Melissa A. Tribur, Senior Climate Models Production Specialist; Elizabeth Jacobsen, Production and Editorial Assistant; Karen 3–10 News of a Simulated Lomax, Acting Manager, Design and Branding; Travis Frazier and Valerie Friedman, Water-Covered Electronic Graphics Specialists Upcoming Discovery Missions Editorial: Peter L. Weiss, Manager/Senior News Editor; Mohi Kumar, Scientific Earth; Boulders Content Editor; Randy Showstack, Senior News Writer; JoAnna Wendel, News Writer; Will Look Back to Our Origins; Limit Transport of Liz Castenson, Editorial and Production Coordinator Geoscientist-Rich Crew Slated for Sand and Gravel Marketing: Jamie R. Liu, Manager, Marketing; Angelo Bouselli and Tyjen Conley, Marketing Program Managers Space Station Next Year; Unifying in Steep Rivers; Ocean Data into One Searchable Set; Advertising: Jeff Borchardt, Development Director; Tel: +1-202-777-7536; Notorious Ocean Current Is Far Email: [email protected] The Curious Case of Titan’s Missing Stronger Than Previously Thought; ©2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Material in this issue may Clouds; Award Highlights Need to Tracking Trends in U.S. Flood Risk. be photocopied by individual scientists for research or classroom use. Permission is Preserve Historic Geoscience Data; also granted to use short quotes, figures, and tables for publication in scientific books Tsunamis Leave a Telltale Chemical and journals. For permission for any other uses, contact the AGU Publications Office. Trail; Honoring Earth and Space 43–47 Positions Available Eos (ISSN 0096-3941) is published monthly by the American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA. Periodical Class postage paid Scientists. Current job openings in the Earth at Washington, D. C., and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address and space sciences. changes to Member Service Center, 2000 Florida Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA. 11–13 Meeting Reports Member Service Center: 8:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m. Eastern time; Tel: +1-202-462-6900; 48 Postcards from the Field Fax: +1-202-328-0566; Tel. orders in U.S.: 1-800-966-2481; Email: service@ The Pace of Change on Tropical agu.org. Landscapes; Developments in the A view of Michigan’s Muskegon Use AGU’s Geophysical Electronic Manuscript Submissions system to submit Study of Rock Physics. Lake Observatory buoy. a manuscript: http://eos-submit.agu.org. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect official positions of the American 14–19 Opinions On the Cover Geophysical Union unless expressly stated. Seven Projections for Earth and Many satellite data streams combine Christine W. McEntee, Executive Director/CEO Space Science Jobs; Laboratory to form a visual representation of Sharing to Improve Rock weather patterns. Credit: NASA Deformation Research. SPoRT (S-NPP/SSEC UW). facebook.com/AmericanGeophysicalUnion @AGU_Eos linkedin.com/company/american-geophysical-union youtube.com/user/AGUvideos 2 // Eos March 2017 NEWS were the best prepared to move ahead, he Upcoming Discovery Missions said. Will Look Back to Our Origins Lucy in the Sky The Lucy mission is named after the fossil that revolutionized our understanding of human origins. The mission team hopes to do the same for the origins of our solar system by exploring the Trojan population of asteroids, remnants from the solar system’s formation. Hal Levison, principal investigator for the Lucy mission and a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo., likened this goal to deciphering a crime scene. “Sometimes the blood splatter on the walls tells you more about what happened than the bodies on the floor,” he said, “and in this case the splatters on the wall are the [asteroid] populations.” We know little about the Trojans, Levison said, but we do know that they exhibit great diversity. This variation likely stems from a wide range of origins: The asteroids developed in different parts of the solar system, then migrated to their present positions. “By studying those differences,” Levison contin- ued, “we’re going to try to untangle how the planets moved around.” “Basically, the planets are aligning for us to do this mission,” Levison said. Lucy’s trajec- tory will carry it past six Trojan asteroids, including the Patroclus-Menoetius​­ binary, a Southwest Research Institute Southwest Research pair of asteroids whose high-​­inclination orbit Artist’s conception of the Lucy spacecraft on its trajectory past several Trojan asteroids. Lucy is one of two proposed prevents them from being studied easily. “It Discovery missions selected on 4 January to move ahead, after coming out on top in an intense competition. just so happens to be traveling through the plane of the solar system at the time the spacecraft is going by,” said Levison, referring ASA plans to kick off the 2020s with a rigorous, putting proposals through “the to the asteroid pair. “We have this unique list return to our roots. toughest scrutiny you can possibly imagine. of targets that would be very hard to reproduce N On 4 January, the space agency These teams are really put through the in the future.” selected two Discovery missions to explore the wringer.” earliest stages of our solar system. One mis- “It was like a cross between the thesis Psyche: A New World of Metal sion, dubbed Lucy, will launch in October 2021 defense from hell and some sort of Hollywood The Psyche mission will look at a feature on a journey to the Trojans, an asteroid swarm superproduction,” commented Lindy Elkins- that is the only one of its kind in our solar that leads and trails Jupiter as it swings Tanton, principal investigator for the Psyche system: an asteroid made completely of through its orbit. The other mission, called mission and director of the School of Earth metal. “This is not just a unique object,” Psyche, will launch in 2023 toward the only and Space Exploration at Arizona State Uni- Elkins-​­Tanton said of the Psyche asteroid; metal asteroid in our solar system, potentially versity in Tempe. The proposals are evaluated “it’s not just the only object like it in the the frozen core of a long-​­dead planet. by a team of science, industry, and technical solar system, but it’s also an improbable experts for the rigor of their science and their
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