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The Interpretation of the High-Rise (Residential)

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DIPLOMARBEIT The Interpretation of the High-Rise (Residential) Development in Growing Cities. A Comparison between Shanghai and Vienna. ausgeführt im Rahmen eines Doppeldiplomprogramms zum Zwecke der Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Diplom-Ingenieurin / Master of Engineering unter der Leitung von Ao.Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Dr. Andreas Voigt Zhao Wei E280-04 Institut für örtliche Raumplanung Institut für Stadtplanung Technische Universität Wien Tongji Universität Shanghai eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Architektur und Raumplanung von Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Angelika Stranz BSc. 01203734 Wien, am Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. II ABSTRACT ger Unter dem Deckmantel der Globalisierung stärken Projekte wie die ‚Belt and Road Initiative‘ transnationale Verbindungen und rücken dadurch Kontinente und Städte näher zusammen. Die Vernetzung zwischen Europa und China hat bereits vor 100 Jahren einen ersten Höhepunkt erreicht und ist jetzt, wenngleich eingebettet in unterschiedlichen Rahmenbedingungen und trotz zwischenzeitlicher Unterbrechung, intensiver als je zuvor. Der globale Trend der Urbanisierung betrifft sowohl Shanghai als auch Wien. Das städtische Wachstum bildet die Grundlage für Herausforderungen, die sowohl Umwelt als auch Menschen tangieren. Darauf aufbauend, entwickeln sich stetig und unter wechselseitigem Einfluss, soziokulturelle Dynamiken und in weiterer Folge Strategien, die nicht zuletzt Veränderungen der urbanen Struktur mit sich bringen und sich in sozialer und physischer Hinsicht manifestieren. Ein spezifischer Gebäudetyp, der in diesem Zusammenhang offensichtlich Städte weltweit erobert hat und dem außerdem das Potential hoher Effizienz zugesprochen wird, ist das Hochhaus. Nicht nur unterschiedlich genutzte, sondern auch Wohnhochhäuser haben vor allem in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Obwohl sich die Hochhausentwicklung in Shanghai völlig von jener in Wien unterscheidet, stellt diese an beiden Orten eine sensible Thematik dar, die sich in Kritik der BürgerInnen und Medien wiederspiegelt. Diskussionen beinhalten die Lage und Einbettung der Hochhäuser, insbesondere in bestehende, traditionelle Stadtstrukturen. Der Fokus auf diese spezifische Gebäudetypologie soll einen Beitrag zur Beantwortung der Frage leisten, wie hohe Dichten erreicht werden können, um die Qualität der städtischen Umgebung zu erhalten oder sogar zu verbessern. Dichte wird daher vor dem Hintergrund diskutiert, welche benötigt und gewünscht wird. Der Vergleich zweier Städte wie Wien und Shanghai, die in vielerlei Hinsicht einzigartig, jedoch trotzdem auch repräsentativ für Europa und China erscheinen, wird als Instrument zur Interpretation der jüngsten Hochhausentwicklungen in wachsenden Städten herangezogen. Dafür wird zunächst beantwortet, wie die jeweiligen Städte im Rahmen ihrer Planungsvorschriften und - instrumente hinsichtlich ihrer (Wohn-)hochhausentwicklung agieren. Zweitens wird analysiert, welchen Beitrag das Wohnhochhaus zur steigenden Nachfrage nach einer dicht besiedelten und qualitativ hochwertigen städtischen Umgebung leistet. Dies ermöglicht Schlussfolgerungen auf die Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. jeweiligen Ansätze der Hochhausentwicklung. Die Ergebnisse dieser Forschung werden insbesondere durch die Einbeziehung der Meinung von NutzerInnen mittels Interviews erweitert. Schließlich werden die Resultate herangezogen, um Empfehlungen für zukünftige Hochhausentwicklungen im Bereich der Raumplanung auszusprechen. Schlüsselbegriffe: Hochhaus, Urbanisierung, wachsende Städte, Shanghai, Wien, Hochhausentwicklung, Wohnhochhaus III Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. IV ABSTRACT en Projects such as the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ have been moving continents and cities closer together within the past decades and on account of globalization, increased their connectivity and impact on each other. The relation between Europe and China climaxed already 100 years ago and is now, even if interrupted in between, more intense than ever before, however, embedded into different framework conditions. It is clear that the global trend of urbanization affects Shanghai as well as Vienna, since numbers have shown that both cities are confronted with growth. This growth certainly can be seen as foundation for further challenges the cities may face, as the consequences of urbanization can neglect both, people and the environment. Building on this, dynamics evolved, followed by the development of strategies and the transition of the respective cityscape. All of these changes show a reciprocal influence. A specific type of building, that obviously conquered every city on a global scale in this context, that is furthermore argued to be capable of creating great efficiency, is the high-rise building. Not only buildings of mixed use, but tall buildings being preliminary used residentially, have received increasing attention over the past years. Although the high-rise development in Shanghai completely contrasts the high-rise development in Vienna, both are similarly associated with uncertainties, mirrored in criticism. Discussions include the position and embedding of the high-rise buildings, especially into an existing, traditional urban structure. By focusing on this specific building typology, this work intends to contribute to the issue about how to achieve high densities and thereby a compact city, but simultaneously maintaining or even improving the quality of the urban environment for its users by discussing density according to what is needed and desired. Comparing two cities like Vienna and Shanghai, being unique in many ways and similarly being representative for Europe and China, is taken as an instrument in order to interpret recent high- rise developments in growing cities generally. Firstly, it is answered how the respective cities operate within the constraints of their planning regulations and instruments regarding their high- rise (residential) development. Secondly, it is analyzed what contribution the high-rise residential building makes to the increasing demand of a high-density and high-quality urban environment, Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. which enables to draw conclusions for the respective approach of the high-rise development of each city. The findings of the research are particularly enriched by the inclusion of users’ opinions within interviews conducted. Finally, lessons learned from each city are distilled to give recommendations for the field of planning regarding future high-rise developments. Keywords: High-Rise Building, Urbanization, Growing Cities, Shanghai, Vienna, High-Rise Development, High-Rise Residential Building V Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. VI ABSTRACT chin 近十年来全球化进程进一步推进，许多项目正在拉进各个洲和各个城市之间的距离， 例如“一带一路“倡议，这些都增加了不同区域之间的互相沟通和影响。其中，欧洲与中 国之间的紧密联系可以追溯到一百年前并且延续至今，即使是在这期间曾经被中断并且产 生了较为紧张的关系，以及选择了不同的结构模式。我们可以通过许多数据发现上海和维 也纳都经历着城市的不断扩张，这反映了全球化下的城市化对这两个城市都产生了很大的 影响。这种扩张固然可以被认为是城市发展的基础，但同时城市化也会忽视人和环境。在 此基础上，通过动态发展以及不断更新的政策，各自城市的形态都产生了变化。这些变化 都展现出城市之间互惠的特性。其中，产生有一种特殊的建筑类型——高层建筑，这类建 筑可以在本文所提及的全球范围内的所有城市中建造，并且被认为是可以极大提高效率。 这类建筑不单是指混合功能的建筑，更是用于居住的高层建筑。这类建筑在近几年都受到 越来越多的关注。 虽然高层建筑的发展在上海和维也纳有着非常大的区别，但是他们都相同地面对着不 同的质疑以及批判。这些讨论包括有高层建筑的合适位置，特别是在传统城市肌理中安置 高层建筑。 通过聚焦于这一特殊的建筑类型，本文主要探讨基于需求的密度，旨在关注如何在实 现高密度和紧凑城市，同时还能保证甚至提高城市中人们的生活环境质量。 本文将比较维也纳和上海，这两座城市都在很多方面非常独特，但也都能够代表欧洲 和中国的城市。通过比较得出一种可以被大多数正在发展高层建筑的城市借鉴的发展方式 。首先，本文将讨论两个城市在各自的城市规划和法则方面关于高层（居住）建筑方面的 运行机制。其次，本文将分析高层居住建筑发展将增加对于高密度和高质量城市环境的需 求，由此得出针对各自城市的高层建筑发展方式。本文中的研究内容是基于高层建筑使用 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 者的访谈而展开的。最后，通过分析将对各个城市提炼出借鉴指导意见，以可用于指导未 来规划中的高层建筑发展相关问题。 关键词：高层建筑，城市化，扩张的城市，上海，维也纳，高层建筑发展，高层居住建筑 VII Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. VIII Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. IX Table of Contents ABSTRACT GER .............................................................................................................................................. III ABSTRACT EN ................................................................................................................................................. V ABSTRACT CHIN ...........................................................................................................................................
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  • Schindler Annual Report 2019

    Schindler Annual Report 2019

    Shaping cities Group Review 2019 Schindler WorldReginfo - fe205b69-44bd-4b30-99c5-b739d4558af4 Urban landscapes – shaped by dedicated people and leading technology. Schindler moves people and goods, connecting vertical and horizontal transportation systems, enabling the shaping of urban landscapes – now and in the future. WorldReginfo - fe205b69-44bd-4b30-99c5-b739d4558af4 2019 In CHF million Δ % 2019 2018 Δ % local currencies Order intake 12 123 11 669 3.9 5.8 Revenue 11 271 10 879 3.6 5.6 Operating profit (EBIT) 1 258 1 269 –0.9 1.3 in % 11.2 11.7 1 2 Operating profit (EBIT), adjusted 1 314 1 295 1.5 3.6 in % 11.7 11.9 4 Financing and investing activities –57 –17 Profit before taxes 1 201 1 252 –4.1 4 Income taxes 272 244 Net profit 929 1 008 –7.8 4 Net profit before tax refund 929 948 –2.0 Earnings per share and participation certificate in CHF 8.04 8.79 –8.5 3 Cash flow from operating activities 1 185 1 005 17.9 Investments in property, plant, and equipment 225 245 –8.2 As of December 31 Order backlog 9 042 8 618 4.9 7.6 Net liquidity 2 046 2 231 –8.3 Net working capital –600 –518 15.8 Number of employees 66 306 64 486 2.8 1 Adjusted for restructuring costs (CHF 38 million) and expenses for BuildingMinds (CHF 18 million) 2 Adjusted for restructuring costs (CHF 26 million) 3 Before settlement of pension obligations (CHF –157 million) and IFRS 16 – Leases (CHF 118 million) CHF 1 224 million 4 One-time tax refund CHF 60 million (income taxes CHF 33 million, net interest income CHF 27 million) Dividend per registered share/ participation certificate Dividends proposed by the Board of Directors 2019 2018 Registered share 4.00 4.00 Subject to approval by the General Meeting, the dividend Participation certificate 4.00 4.00 will be paid on March 25, 2020 WorldReginfo - fe205b69-44bd-4b30-99c5-b739d4558af4 Order intake Revenue In CHF million In CHF million 12 12 3 11 271 EBIT margin Return on equity Number of employees In % In % As of December 31 11.