ドクゼリ(Cicuta Virosa)の中枢毒性C17-多価不飽 和アルコールの薬学的研究

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ドクゼリ(Cicuta Virosa)の中枢毒性C17-多価不飽 和アルコールの薬学的研究 ドクゼリ(Cicuta virosa)の中枢毒性C17-多価不飽 和アルコールの薬学的研究 著者 上井 幸司 学位授与機関 Tohoku University 学位授与番号 265 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10097/45991 ド ク ゼ リ(Cicutavirosa)の 中 枢 毒 性C1ヅ 多 価 不 飽 和 ア ル コ ー ル の 薬 学 的 研 究 東北大学大学院薬学研究科 薬学専攻 上井 幸 司 目 次 総論 1 本 論 第1章 ドク ゼ リ に 含 ま れ る 多 価 不 飽 和 ア ル コ ー ル の 単 離 と 構 造 8 第1節 多 価 不 飽 和 アル コ ー ル の 単 離 8 第2節virolAの 平 面 構 造 10 第3節VirolCの 平 面 構 造 12 第4節VirolBの 平 面 構 造 13 第5節 多 価 不 飽 和 アル コ ー ルcicutoxin,isocicutoxin,virolA,Cの 絶 対 配 置 16 第2章 virolA,B,Cの 合 成 19 第1節 virolAお よ びCの 合 成 20 第2節 VilolBの 合成 23 第3章 急 性 毒 性 に及 ぼす 多価 不 飽 和 ア ル コー ル の構 造 的 要 因 24 第1節 多 価 不飽 和 アル コール の化 学 変 換 24 第2節 多 価 不飽 和 アル コール の 構造 と急 性 毒 性 28 第4章 電 気 生 理 学 お よ び 受 容体 結 合実 験 によ る v廿01A誘 発 痙 攣 の発 現 機 構 の解 明 34 第1節GABA誘 発電 流 に対す るvirolAの 作 用 34 第2節 電 位 依 存 性Na+お よびK"電 流 に対 す るvirolAの 作用 40 第3節virolAの 種 々 のGABAA受 容 体 結合 部位 に対 す る 結合 実 験 42 第4節vilolA誘 発 痙 攣 の 発現 機 構 の考 察 44 第5章 多 価 不飽 和 アル コ ー ル のcrチ ャネル へ の 結合 47 結論 49 謝辞 51 実験 の 部 53 第1章 第1,2,3,4節 の実 験 54 第1章 第5節 の 実 験 61 第2章 第1節 の 実 験 68 第2章 第2節 の 実 験 78 第3章 第1節 の 実 験 81 第3章 第2節 の 実 験 89 第4章 第1,2節 の 実験 90 第4章 第3節 お よび 第5章 の 実験 93 引用 文 献 と ノー ト 95 一i一 本 論 文 を作 成 す る に あ た り以 下 の略 語 を用 い た. ACSF artificialcelebrospinalfluid AcOEt ethylacetate Ac20 aceticanhydride 【α]D specificopticalrotatio皿 Bn benzyl bL bload Bz benzoyl 刀一BuLi n-butyllitr血m CD circulardichroism COSY conrelationspectloscopy d doublet DMAP 4-(ハ 弓N-dimethylamino)pyridi皿e DMF N,N-dimethylformamide DMSO dimethylsulfoxide DPPA diphe皿ylphosphorylazide EBOB 4'-ethy皿yl-4-n-plopylbicycloorthobenzoate ED50 medianeffectivedose E㌔N triethylamine EちO diethylether EtOH ethylalcohol GABA Y-alni皿obutylicacid HEPES N-2-hydroxyethylpipelazine一 ノ〉-2-ethanesulfonicacid lH HMBC -detectedmultiple-bondhetelo皿uclearmultiplequantumcoherrence HMPA hexamethylphosphorictriamide IC media皿mhibitionconoentlatjon 50 】・P・ intlaperitonealadministration IR i皿frared ∫ couplingconstant KOH potassiumhydroxide m 50 medianlethaldosc 皿 multiplet Me methyl MPM P-methoxyphenylmcthyI MS massspcctrum MTPA α 一methoxy一 α 一(trifluoromethyl)phenylaceticacid NMR nuclearmagneticresona皿ce Pd/C palladiumoncharcoal -jj一 PdCli(PhCN)2 bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II)chloride Pd(PPh3)4 tetrakis(trjphenylphosphine)palladium(0) PPh3 triphenylphosphi皿e PPTS pyridjniump-toluenesulfonate i-PrOH isopropanol q quartet S singlet S.E.M. standarderrormaximum t triplet TBAF tetla-n-butylammoniumfluoride TBDMS tert-butyldimethylsilyl THF tetrahydrofUran THP tetrahydropyranyl TLC thinlayerchromatography Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)㎜inomethane p-TsOH P-toluenesulfonicacid 皿 tetrodotoxin UV ultraviolet 一iii一 総論 天 然 に は,フ グ や ト リ カ ブ トの よ う に 強 力 な 毒 性 を 持 つ 動 ・植 物 が 存 在 す る1).フ グ 毒(tetrodotoxin(1,LD.:O・01mgAkg,i.p.))や ト リカ ブ ト毒(aconitine(2,LD.:O.31mg/kg, i.p.))に 代 表 さ れ る 天 然 毒 物(Fig。1)に は,複 雑 な 構 造 を 持 ち,意 外 な 反 応 性 を 示 す も の が 多 い こ と か ら,こ れ ら は 化 学 的 研 究 に お い て し ば し ば 興 味 深 い 対 象 と な る.さ ら に, 天 然 毒 物 を 強 力 な リガ ン ドと して 用 い る こ と に よ り,イ オ ン チ ャ ネ ル や レセ プ タ ー の 研 究 が 進 展 す る な ど,天 然 毒 物 は 生 命 科 学 研 究 の 発 展 に 大 き く寄 与 し て い る2) OH σCH3 HO 0『 竪3C・C6H5 O H2N響 N'O「o C』C膣'灘 N HHoCH20H 。C謡 、 OCH30CH OH 3 tetrodotoxin(1):0.01mglkg aconitine(2):0.31mg/kg Fig.1.Struc血resandLD田values(mioe,i.p.)o們eセodobxin{1》andaoon丗ne(2) 天 然 毒 物 に は,フ ジ ウ ツ ギ 科 の ホ ミ カ や ツ ヅ ラ フ ジ 科 の 植 物 で あ るA[ramirtacσeculs か ら 単 離 さ れ たstrychinine(3,LD.:O.96mgAcg,i.p.)やpicrotoxin(4,LD.:9.8mg/kg,i.p.) な ど の 痙 攣 毒 が あ る(Fig.2). o画 oO㌔%bH OR strychinine(3}:0.96mg/kgPicrotoxin(4)=9・8mg/kg ぐ礎 ∵署)- Fig.2.Struc加resandLD.values(mice,i.p.)ofstrychinine(3》andpicrolo⊃dn{4》 -1一 セ リ科(Umbelliferae)植 物 の ドクゼ リ(Cicutavitosa)も そ の 一つ で あ り,ヒ トや 動物 が ドクゼ リを摂 取 す る と,強 直 性 ・間代 性痙 攣 を生 じ,呼 吸 麻 痺 に よ り死 に至 る こ と も あ る.ド クゼ リは,日 本 をは じめ シベ リア ・韓 国 ・中 国 ・ヨー ロ ッパ ・北 米 な ど世 界 各 地 の水 辺 や 湿 地 に 自生 す る植 物 で あ り,そ の 外 観 が セ リに良 く似 て い る こ とか ら誤 食 に よ る 中毒 事 故 が 発 生す る.そ の毒 性 は,根 茎 にお いて 特 に強 く,春 先 と秋 の 終 わ り頃 に は 一 層 強 く な る と い わ れ て い る .宮 城 県 で も,1992年 に ドク ゼ リ に よ る 中 毒 事 故 が 発 生 した.こ の 中 毒 事 故 で は,誤 食 者 は1人 あ た り05-6.Ogの ドクゼ リ根 茎 を摂 取 し,そ の後1-4時 間 に 中毒 症 状 を呈 した.そ の 症 状 は眩 暈 や 吐気 か ら始 ま り,嘔 吐 ・悪 心 ・冷 汗 へ と進 み,重 症 患 者 で は 意 識 喪 失 や 痙攣 に まで 至 っ て い る3). ドクゼ リの毒 成 分 として は,1915年 に 多 価 不 飽 和 アル コ ー ル で あ るcicutoxin(5)が 単 離 され4),1953年 にAnetら に よ りそ の平 面 構 造 が 決 定 され た(Fig.3)s.し か しな が ら, dcutoxin(5)は2個 の ア セ チ レ ン と3個 のオ レフ ィ ン が共 役 した ポ リエ ンイ ン 構 造 を 持 ち,化 学 的 に極 め て 不安 定 で あ る こ とか ら,そ の絶 対 配置 は 未 だ 決 定 され て いな い. 彡彡OH 丶 ミ、 丶 彡彡 OH cicutoxin⑤=2.8mg1kg Fig.3.Structureand凵 ⊃.value(mioe,i.p.)ofCicutO》dn{5》 こ れ ま で に,ド ク ゼ リ か ら は 主 要 な 毒 成 分 で あ るcicutoxin(5)に 加 え て,そ の 類 縁 体 で あ るcicutol(6)s,cicudiol(7),2,3-dihydrooenanthetol(8),化 合 物9,10,11,12,13,14が 単 離 さ れ た(Fj9.4)の.さ ら に,1995年 に はWittstockら に よ りisocicutoxin(15),jsocicutol (16),falcari皿diol(17),化 合 物18,19,20が 単 離 さ れ た(Fig.4)η.し か し な が ら,こ れ ら の 成 分 の 中 で 不 斉 炭 素 を 持 っ 化 合 物 で は,falcarindiol(17)8)を 除 い て,そ の 絶 対 配 置 は 明 ら か に さ れ て い な い. 一2一 R3 ミ丶 ミ丶 丶 丶 彡 R2 o 10 5R1=HR2=OH,R3=OH ε 6Ri=HR2=H,R3=OH E gR1・=R=O,R3=OH ε 15R,=HR2=OH,R3=OH z 16R,=HR2=H,R3=OH z OH OH ミ、 ミ、 〃 ミ、 彡彡 R2 ◎ 7:R1=OH,R2=H 12 8:R1=H,R2=H 11;R1=R2=0 ///OH彡 彡OH ミ、 彡彡 込、 彡彡 OHo 1314 0H む 彡彡 ノ 彡彡 ノ H%/// tUtU丶"'fli 18:E 1719=Z OH ∠ 〃 丶 獣 彡 20 Fig.4.S廿ucturesofpolyacety;eniccompoundsfromC,v'rosa と こ ろ で,cicutoxin(5)の よ う な 多 価 不 飽 和 化 合 物 は,セ リ 科 植 物 に 加 え て,ウ コ ギ 科 や キ ク 科 植 物 か ら も 単 離 さ れ た 他9),微 生 物 ・海 草 ・海 綿 ・昆 虫 か ら も 得 ら れ て い る 一3一 (Fig.5).こ れ らの 多 価 不 飽 和 化 合 物 は,脂 肪 酸 か ら生合 成 さ れ て い る と推 測 さ れ て い る. Cicutoxin(5)も 同 様 にCls脂 肪 酸 で あ るoleicacid(24)か ら 生 合 成 さ れ る と推 定 され て い る(Scheme1)6・9). 0 ∠ 〃 〃 0 2122 (チ ョ ウ セ ン ニ ン ジ ン)(キ ク) HO-\ __v_暑 ≒ ≡ 23 (シ ョ ウ ジ ョ ウ バ エ) Fig.5.Naturallyoccurringacetytenes ドクゼ リ に含 まれ る多価 不飽 和 アル コ ー ル の 生物 活 性 につ いて は,こ れ ま で に主 と し てinvitro実 験 の 結果 が 報告 され て い る.す な わ ち,cicutoxin(5)はKB細 胞 に対 して 殺 細 胞 活 性 を示 す こ と が 報 告 さ れ て い る10).ま た,モ ノ ア ラ貝 の 巨 大 神 経 細 胞 で あ る RPD1を 用 い た電 気 生 理学 実 験 によ り,cicutoxi皿(5)を は じめ とす る数 種 の多 価 不 飽 和 ア ル コー ル は,活 動 電 位 の再 分 極 相 に関 与 す る電 位 依 存 性K+チ ャネル の な か で 遅 延 整流 K+電 流 を抑 制 す る こ とが 報 告 され11),さ らに,T一 リンパ 球 を用 いたパ ッチ ク ランプ 法 に よ っ て,dcutoxin(5)はK+依 存 電 流 を濃 度 依 存 的 に抑 制 す る こ とが報 告 さ れ て いるn).
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