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National Historic Landmark Criteria Criterion 1: Places where nationally significant historical events occurred Criterion 2: Places where nationally significant people lived or worked Criterion 3: Places that represent an ideal that shaped the nation Criterion 4: Outstanding examples of design or construction, architecture or engineering Criterion 5: Places that outstandingly characterize a way of life (Collective Importance) Criterion 6: Places that yield or have the potential to yield information of major scientific importance NHL Designation Process : Major Steps Letter of Inquiry: From proponent/owner to National Park Service Preparation of NHL nomination: Usually by owner or contractor Landmarks Committee Meeting: Nomination presented to NHL Committee; the Committee votes and makes a recommendation National Park System Advisory Board: Nomination presented to NPS Advisory Board; the Board votes and makes a recommendation Secretary of the Interior: Designates National Historic Landmark https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoric landmarks/nomination-process.htm Government House NHL Pago Pago American Samoa Photo by ROY G. KLOTZ, M.D., Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported Tinian Landing Beaches, Ushi Point & North Fields NHL Tinian Island, Northern Mariana Islands Photo by Elaine Jackson-Retondo, 2015 Honokohau Settlement NHL Hawaii Island, Hawaii Photo by Elaine Jackson-Retondo, 2010 Nan Madol NHL Temwen Island, Pohnpei State, Micronesia Nan Madol : Ceremonial Center of the Eastern Micronesia: East corner of Idehd Photo by Osamu Kataoka , 2014 © Osamu Kataoka Roi- Namur NHL Roi-Namur Islands, Kwajalein Municipality, Marshall Islands Photo Credit: USGS Pelelui Battlefield NHL Pelelui Island, Republic of Palau Photo by Erwin Thomas., 1993,, NPS, NHL nomination Elaine Jackson-Retondo, Ph.D. Chris Johnson, Ph.D. Preservation Partnerships and History Programs Manager Historian Preservation Partnerships NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Interior Regions 8, 9, 10, and 12 Interior Regions 8, 9, 10, and 12 [email protected] [email protected] 415-623-2368 206-220-4141 .

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Survey Report on the Present State of Nan Madol, Federated States of Micronesia
2010 Survey for International Cooperation Japan Consortium for International Cooperarion in Cultual Heritage Survey Report on the Present State of Nan Madol, Federated States of Micronesia March 2012 Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultual Heritage Foreword 1. This is a report on the fiscal 2010 survey conducted by the Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cul- tural Heritage in regard to the archaeological site of Nan Madol in the Federated States of Micronesia. 2. The following members were responsible for writing each of the chapters of this report. Writers: Chapters 1, 4, 6 – Tomomi Haramoto Chapters 2, 3 – Osamu Kataoka Chapter 5 – Tomo Ishimura Editor: Tomomi Haramoto, Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage i ii Preface The Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage (JCIC-Heritage) collects information in various forms to promote Japan’s international cooperation on cultural heritage. Under this scheme of information collection, a cooperation partner country survey was conducted in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) in fiscal 2010, as presented in this report. It was conducted in response to a request from the UNESCO Apia Office, to provide a foundation of information that would facilitate the first steps toward protecting Nan Madol, the largest cultural heritage site in FSM. Cooperation partner country surveys are one of the primary activities of JCIC-Heritage’s initiatives for interna- tional cooperation. They particularly focus on collecting basic information to identify fields of cooperation and their feasibility in a relevant partner country. As of fiscal 2011, cooperation surveys have been conducted in Laos, Mongo- lia, Yemen, Bhutan, Armenia, Bahrain, and Myanmar, and have effectively assisted Japan’s role in international coop- eration.
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Pohnpei, Micronesia) Identified Using 230Th/U Coral Dating and Geochemical Sourcing of Megalithic Architectural Stone
Quaternary Research 86 (2016) 295e303 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Research journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/quaternary-research Earliest direct evidence of monument building at the archaeological site of Nan Madol (Pohnpei, Micronesia) identified using 230Th/U coral dating and geochemical sourcing of megalithic architectural stone * Mark D. McCoy a, , Helen A. Alderson b, Richard Hemi c, Hai Cheng d, e, R. Lawrence Edwards e a Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA b Division of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK c School of Surveying, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand d Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China e Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA article info abstract Article history: Archaeologists commonly use the onset of the construction of large burial monuments as a material Received 18 April 2016 indicator of a fundamental shift in authority in prehistoric human societies during the Holocene. High- Available online 5 October 2016 quality direct evidence of this transition is rare. We report new interdisciplinary research at the archaeological site of Nan Madol that allows us to specify where and when people began to construct Keywords: monumental architecture in the remote islands of the Pacific. Nan Madol is an ancient administrative and Geoarchaeology mortuary center and the former capital
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Underwater Survey at the Ruins of Nan Madol, Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia
Underwater Survey at the Ruins of Nan Madol, Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia Tomo Ishimura Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Nara 630-8577, Japan Email: [email protected] Kyushu Institute for Technology, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Akira Asada University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan Email: [email protected] Fumitaka Maeda Toyo Corporation, Tokyo 103-8284, Japan Email: [email protected] Ken’ichi Sugimoto Windy Network, Tokyo 108-0073, Japan Email: [email protected] Toshihiro Ogawa, Akio Hikoyama, Yoshinori Matsumoto, Yusuke Sugimoto Windy Network, Tokyo 108-0073, Japan Email: [email protected]; Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]; Email: [email protected] Charles Brennan R2 SONIC, Austin, Texas 78735, USA Email: [email protected] Tomomi Haramoto TokyoNational Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo 110-8713, Japan Email: [email protected] Augustine Kohler Office of the National Archive, Culture, and Historic Preservation, FSM National Government, Pohnpei, The Federated States of Micronesia, FM 96941 Email: [email protected] Abstract In this paper we demonstrate the results of underwater survey at Nan Madol, Federated States of Micronesia. Nan Madol are the ruins of a megalithic civilization composed of 95 small to large artificial islets made mostly of basalt, situated on a shallow water of Pohnpei Island. The site is now on the Tentative List of the UNESCO World Heritage Site submitted by Federated States of Micronesia. Protection of the site is comprised of both these basaltic islets and the water surrounding them.
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Find Your PLACE ASIAN AMERICANS + PACIFIC ISLANDERS
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Cultural Resources, Partnerships, and Science Find Your PLACE ASIAN AMERICANS + PACIFIC ISLANDERS U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Cultural Resources, Partnerships, and Science Developed by Paloma Bolasny. Written by Paloma Bolasny and Joe Flanagan with contributions by David Andrews, Theodora Chang, Barbara Little, and Franklin Odo. Designed by David Andrews and Beth Pruitt. 3rd Edition April 2016 COVER: Fumiko Hayashida waits on the Bainbridge Island ferry dock while holding her sleeping daughter in 1942. Photograph taken by a Seattle Post-Intelligencer reporter. Dorothea Lange/National Archives. TELLING ALL AMERICANS’ STORIES North America’s earliest chapters are peopled by immigrants from Asia and the Pacific. Their presence has been both enduring and influential. They were a part of the early settlement of the country and the economic development of the West. They influenced the desegregation of public schools in the 20th century and the politics of the 21st. They have made a mark in industry, architecture, technology, civil rights, and other aspects of the American experience. They are accomplished citizens in science, academia, business, and the arts. They have enriched this nation and defended its ideals with patriotism and valor. This many-faceted heritage is present in one form or another across the entire nation. Old western mining camps, Chinatowns, Koreatowns, and Little Manilas connect to this heritage. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders find legacies in the labor movement in Hawai’i. They find their heritage in the Asian architectural details that inspired Frank Lloyd Wright. Their numbers as the nation’s fastest growing “racial” group make them influential.
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Nan Madol (Federated States of Micronesia) No 1503
Technical Evaluation Mission An ICOMOS technical evaluation mission visited the Nan Madol property from 17 to 24 August 2015. (Federated States of Micronesia) Additional information received by ICOMOS No 1503 A copy of the proposed Bill adding to the Pohnpei Code to establish the Nan Madol Historic Preservation Trust together with a copy of the Pohnpei Code were provided to the mission expert, together with the brochure on the Nan Madol Archaeological Site and a research report on Official name as proposed by the State Party the Shoreline Change Phase 1 for Federated States of Nan Madol: Ceremonial Center of Eastern Micronesia Micronesia (FSM). Location A letter was sent by ICOMOS to the State Party on 23 Madolenihmw Municipality, Pohnpei Island September 2015 requesting an updated map showing all Pohnpei State numbered sites; clarification on protection of the buffer Federated States of Micronesia zone; a time schedule for passing the new Bill, and for the completion of the management plan. A response Brief description from the State Party was received on 18 November 2015 Created on a series of 99 artificial islets off the shore of and the information has been incorporated below. An Pohnpei Island, the remains of stone palaces, temples, interim report including a request for additional mortuaries and residential domains known as Nan Madol information was sent by ICOMOS to the State Party on represent the ceremonial centre of the Saudeleur 21 December 2015 following discussions with the State Dynasty. Reflecting an era of vibrant and intact Pacific Party by Skype on 2 December 2015 regarding the state Island culture the complex saw dramatic changes of of conservation of the property and a possible approach settlement and social organisation 1200-1500 CE.
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213. Nan Madol. Pohnpei, Micronesia. Saudeleur Dynasty
Unit 9: The Pacific AP AH Image Set Osborn 213. Nan Madol. Pohnpei, Micronesia. Saudeleur Dynasty. c. 700–1600 C.E. Basalt boulders and prismatic columns. (2 images) Nan Madol Nan Madol © Jack Fields/Corbis © Jack Fields/Corbis Unit 9: The Pacific AP AH Image Set Osborn 214. Moai on platform (ahu). Rapa Nui (Easter Island). c. 1100–1600 C.E. Volcanic tuff figures on basalt base. Moai © Peter Langer/Design Pics/Corbis Unit 9: The Pacific AP AH Image Set Osborn 215. ‘Ahu ‘ula (feather cape). Hawaiian. Late 18th century C.E. Feathers and fiber. ‘Ahu ‘ula © The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, NY Unit 9: The Pacific AP AH Image Set Osborn 216. Staff god. Rarotonga, Cook Islands, central Polynesia. Late 18th to early 19th century C.E. Wood, tapa, fiber, and feathers. (3 images) Staff god © The Trustees of the British Museum Detail © The Trustees of the British Museum Unit 9: The Pacific AP AH Image Set Osborn Contextual image: staff god © The Trustees of the British Museum Unit 9: The Pacific AP AH Image Set Osborn 217. Female deity. Nukuoro, Micronesia. c. 18th to 19th century C.E. Wood. Female deity © Werner Forman Archive/The Bridgeman Art Library Unit 9: The Pacific AP AH Image Set Osborn 218. Buk (mask). Torres Strait. Mid- to late 19th century C.E. Turtle shell, wood, fiber, feathers, and shell. Buk Image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Image source © Art Resource, NY Unit 9: The Pacific AP AH Image Set Osborn 220. Tamati Waka Nene. Gottfried Lindauer. 1890 C.E.
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Temple Architecture in the Sacred Site of Menka, Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia
Beardsley: Studies in Global Archaeology no. 20 TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE IN THE SACRED SITE OF MENKA, KOSRAE, FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA Felicia Beardsley Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of La Verne, USA [email protected] Abstract: At the ancient sacred site of Menka, Kosrae, the architectural ensemble of the temples dedicated to Sinlaka, the goddess of breadfruit and principle deity of the island, has shifted and transformed over time. The older temple represents a small, intimate setting that fully reflected the key elements of the oral histories, including clan symbols, an altar oriented to Mt. Finkol, the highest peak on the island, and a colonnaded promenade. The younger temple is a larger, more expansive complex, reflects a more theatrical setting, sheds the key features of the older temple complex, and represents a shift in engagement with a spatial arrangement that accommodates greater numbers of spectators and participants. INTRODUCTION The architectural remnants of ancient Micronesia are most frequently described by the monumental sites of Leluh on Kosrae and Nan Madol on Pohnpei, the sculpted hills of Palau, the stone money of Yap, and the latte sets in the Marianas. Each of these sites is the very embodiment of the term monumental: they are larger than life productions of grandeur in style and expanse that is both imposing and altogether awe-inspiring to those viewing these sites. The complexity of their architectural expression transforms them into something so enigmatic that they continue to draw viewers of all stripes with magnetic force; even the early days of scientific expeditions of exploration saw these sites attract the almost exclusive attention of archaeologists in the region (Ritter and Ritter 1982; Rainbird 2004; Sarfert 1919).
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Preliminary Archaeological Investigations on Ponape and Other Eastern Caroline Islands
Preliminary Archaeological Investigations on Ponape and other Eastern Caroline Islands Janet M. DAVIDSON Auckland Institute and Museum, New Zealand Introduction As archaeological inv estigations are undertaken in more areas of Oceania, and results begin to be made available, the lack of resear ch in Eastern Microne sia becomes more noticeable and more regrettable. In this paper, I shall desc ribe briefly some of the less spectacular and little known archaeo logical ev idence from Ponape and neighbouring islands, and attempt to indicate the potential of this area for future archaeo logical researc h as it is increasingly necessary to add to our knowledge of the area itself, and its relationships with other parts of Oceani a, particularly Western Polynesia and Eastern Melanesia. The opportunity to make a preliminary surv ey of archaeological sites on Ponape presented itself when I spent three weeks on the island in Marc h 1965 awaiting transportation to the ato ll of Nukuoro. After leaving Nukuoro I was able to visit briefly severa l other islands in the Ponape Administrative District. 1 As the total tim e spent on the survey comprised two weeks on Ponape, a few hou rs each on the atolls of Mokil, Pingelap, and Ngatik, barely one hour on Pakihn, and two days on Kusaie, it is obvious that the wor k involved was very preliminar y. The results are pre sente d here in the hope that they may serve as a guide for future research. The area here defined as Eastern Micronesia is divided tod ay into three Adm inistrativ e Districts, Truk, the Marshalls, and Ponape.
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A New Archaeological Field Survey of the Site of Nan Madol, Pohnpei
A new archaeological field survey of the site of Nan Madol, Pohnpei Mark D. McCoy, Helen A. Alderson, and Adam Thompson Nan Madol, sometimes called the ‘Venice of the Pacific,’ is a mortuary and administrative site built from columnar basalt, boulders, and coral. It is made up of artificial islets that stretch over 83 hectares of lagoon on the volcanic high island of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia and is pivotal to our understanding of ancient Pohnpeian society. Nan Madol was first mapped in its entirety in 1910 by the German explorer Paul Hambruch and in the century since then the site has been re-surveyed and maps of varying levels of detail have been published. Here we report on the first full coverage field survey of the site’s artificial islets employing high precision GPS. The survey dataset has been made available for download as a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) layer at the data clearinghouse website: The Digital Archaeological Record (tDAR). We also report a matching annotated list of variant place names used in the literature and some brief information on the function of islets from oral traditions. This report, the digital map, and the annotated list of islets are aimed to provide future researchers with a baseline database. Nan Madol, a veces llamada “La Venecia del Pacífico”, es un sitio mortuorio y administrativo construido a partir de un basalto columnar, rocas y coral. Está compuesto de islotes artificiales que se extienden a lo largo de 83 hectáreas de laguna en la isla volcánica de Pohnpei, en los Estados Federados de Micronesia y es esencial para nuestro entendimiento de la antigua sociedad pohnpeiana.
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213. Nana Madol Pohnpei, Micronesia. Saudeleur Dynasty C. 700-1600
213. Nana Madol Pohnpei, Micronesia. Saudeleur Dynasty c. 700-1600 C.E. Basalt boulders and prismatic columns (2 images) ruined city adjacent to the eastern shore of the island of Pohnpei that was the capital of the Saudeleur Dynasty until about 1628 constructed in a lagoon, consists of a series of small artificial islands linked by a network of canals.[3] The site core with its stone walls encloses an area approximately 1.5 km long by 0.5 km wide and it contains nearly 100 artificial islets—stone and coral fill platforms—bordered by tidal canals Nan Madol means "spaces between" and is a reference to the canals that crisscross the ruins o original name was Soun Nan-leng (Reef of Heaven) o often called the “Venice of the pacific” Little can be verified about the megalithic construction o Legends are told of construction involving sorcery and dragons o None of the proposed quarry sites exist in Madolenihmw, meaning that the stones must have been transported to their current location. It has been suggested that they might have been floated via raft from the quarry, and a short dive between the island and the quarries shows a trail of dropped stones. However, no one has successfully demonstrated or explained the process. Some modern Pohnpeians believe the stones were flown to the island by use of black magic major purpose of constructing a separate city was to insulate the nobility from the common people o elite centre was a special place of residence for the nobility and of mortuary activities presided over by priests.
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Seikel 2011 Mortuary Contexts and Social Structure at Nan Madol
Journal of Island & Coastal Archaeology, 6:442–460, 2011 Copyright © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1556-4894 print / 1556-1828 online DOI: 10.1080/15564894.2011.559615 Mortuary Contexts and Social Structure at Nan Madol, Pohnpei Katherine Seikel Department of Archaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History & Language, College of Asia-Pacific, Australian National University, Acton, Australia Capital Territory, Australia ABSTRACT Archaeological studies of mortuary practices contribute to discussions of prehistoric social structure. Relatively little work has focused on mortuary practices in Micronesia, particularly those associated with societies that built the monumental earthworks of Palau, the Latte sets in the Mariana Islands, and the monumental centers of Leluh on Kos- rae and Nan Madol on Pohnpei. This study utilizes multiple lines of evidence to consider mortuary contexts and their relationship to social structure at the site of Nan Madol. The mortuary context is interpreted as reflecting ascribed status in a stratified hierarchical system consis- tent with traditional histories. The study provides a base line for future studies of Pohnpeian mortuary practices and adds to archaeological knowledge of complex societies in Micronesia and the Pacific. Keywords Pohnpei, Nan Madol, monumental architecture, mortuary contexts Data from burial practices and be- ology (e.g., Binford 1971; Huntington and liefs about death were of central im- Metcalf 1979; Rakita et al. 2005; Saxe 1970; portance to the early development Silverman and Small 2002; Tainter 1978) be- of the study of human evolution, of causeburialcontextsembodymultiplesocial the rise of ancient civilization, and processes (Ucko 1969:276). In this respect of cultural and social institutions.
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World Heritage Patrimoine Mondial 42
World Heritage 42 COM Patrimoine mondial Paris, 21 June 2018 Original: English UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'EDUCATION, LA SCIENCE ET LA CULTURE CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE CONVENTION CONCERNANT LA PROTECTION DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL, CULTUREL ET NATUREL WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE / COMITE DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL Forty-second session / Quarante-deuxième session Manama, Bahrain / Manama, Bahreïn 24 June - 4 July 2018 / 24 juin -4 juillet 2018 Item 7 of the Provisional Agenda: State of conservation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List and/or on the List of World Heritage in Danger Point 7 de l’Ordre du jour provisoire: Etat de conservation de biens inscrits sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial et/ou sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial en péril MISSION REPORT / RAPPORT DE MISSION Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia) (C 1503) Nan Madol : centre cérémoniel de la Micronésie orientale ( Etats fédérés de Micronésie) (C 1503) 16-25 January 2018 / 16-25 janvier 2018 REPORT ON THE WORLD HERITAGE CENTRE / ICOMOS REACTIVE MONITORING MISSION TO NAN MADOL: CEREMONIAL CENTRE OF EASTERN MICRONESIA (FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA) (1503) 16 TO 25 JANUARY 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS 1 BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION Inscription history Inscription criteria and Outstanding Universal Value Examination of the State of Conservation by
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