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Eskom Presentation Compliance to MES: Progress, postponements and technology options. Portfolio Committee on Environmental Affairs' Workshop on the Minimum Emission Standards. Date: 06 February 2018 Executive overview • Eskom supports the Minimum Emission Standards as they are needed to reduce harmful health effects of air pollution and provide certainty for planning. • Eskom has made progress with its “power plant compliance status” but there are some delays being experienced in project execution • Eskom has made progress with the Air Quality offset programme • Eskom’s ambient air quality monitoring network shows that there is generally compliance with ambient SO2 and NOx standards, but non-compliance with PM10 and PM2.5 standards on the Mpumalanga Highveld. • There continues to be a challenge for existing plants to meet the new plant standards within the required timelines due to high cost, water use and impact on the electricity tariff. • Eskom has initiated the process of applying for new postponements for the next 5 year period. The detail of what postponements will be requested will be available once Eskom has completed a thorough review. Public meetings for Tutuka power station postponement began in January 2018. For four coal fired power stations, no postponements are expected to be applied for. 7 February 2018 2 Overview Emissions and Ambient Air Quality Trends Current Status of Eskom’s Air Quality Compliance Plan Eskom’s Air Quality Offsets Project Alternative Technologies to Reduce Sulphur dioxide Conclusions 7 February 2018 3 Emission and Ambient Air Quality Trends Yearly (financial year) total tonnages from Eskom: 2012/13 – 2016/7 Total Particulate Emissions (PM) (kt) 235000 90 82.34 80.68 78.92 78.37 80 230000 70 65.13 60 225000 50 40 220000 30 20 215000 10 210000 0 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 PM (kt) Electricity produced from Eskom power stations (GWh) 7 February 2018 5 The Eskom roadmap travelled to-date to reduce relative yearly particulate emissions (2012/13 to 2017/18) 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 Relative particulate emission(kg/MWhSO) particulate Relative 0.00 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 - YTD High load factors coupled with plant availability challenges at a number of stations led to the sustained high emissions between FY2013 to FY2016. The reduced system demand from FY2017 provided for maintenance opportunity to undertake essential repairs at a number of units. This coupled with the start of the retrofit of Grootvlei units 2 to 4 to FFPs plus the completion of refurbishment of the ESP on 4 of the 6 units at Matla resulted in an improving trend. 7 February 2018 6 Monthly emission trends (May 2016 to April 2017): Grootvlei fabric filter plant retrofit More than 10-fold reduction in relative particulate Clean stacks after emissions from Grootvlei Power Station due to fabric filter Grootvlei fabric filter 2.5 plant retrofit plant retrofit 2.0 1.5 out) 1.0 0.5 0.0 Relative particulate emissions (kg/MWhemissions sent particulate Relative 2016 2017 7 Yearly total gaseous emissions from Eskom: 2012/13 – 2016/17 Total Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) (kt) 235000 1975 2000 1950 230000 1900 1843 1834 1850 225000 1766 1800 1750 220000 1699 1700 215000 1650 1600 210000 1550 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 SO2 (kt) Electricity produced from Eskom power stations (GWh) Total Nitrogen oxide (NOx ) (kt) as NO2 235000 980 965 954 960 230000 937 940 225000 920 893 900 220000 885 880 215000 860 210000 840 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 NOx (kt) Electricity produced from Eskom power stations (GWh) 7 February 2018 8 Ambient Air Quality Eskom’s ambient air quality monitoring network • 18 monitoring stations • Operated by Eskom’s ambient air quality monitoring team in RT&D (except for Edgemead and Mossel Bay) • Network is SANAS-accredited Parameter Compliance status SO2 Compliance at all monitoring stations, except non-compliance with daily limit at Komati and KwaZamokuhle NOx Compliance at all monitoring stations Edgemead Mossel Bay Particulate matter Non-compliance at all monitoring (PM1010 & PM2.5) stations except for Camden and Medupi Five year ambient air quality trends of Sulphur dioxide – Kendal Ambient Monitoring Station 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 (ppb) 5.0 Annual Annual 0.0 Concentrations Concentrations 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Year Annual Concentration Annual Limit = 19ppb 120 100 80 60 40 Number of of Number Exceedances 20 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 • Ambient SO2 levels below permissible number of exceedances at Kendal site – 5km downwind of Kendal except in 2013 (point of 7 Februaryhighest 2018 concentration) 11 Five year ambient air quality trends of Sulphur dioxide – Marapong Ambient Monitoring Station 20.0 Annual Concentration Annual Limit = 19ppb 15.0 10.0 (ppb) Annual Annual 5.0 Concentration Concentration 0.0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Hourly Exceedances of 134ppb 15 10 5 Number of of Number Exceedances 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 • Ambient SO2 levels below permissible (88) number of exceedances at Marapong – township upwind of both Matimba and Medupi 7 February 2018 12 Three year ambient air quality trends of Sulphur dioxide – Medupi Ambient Monitoring Station 20.0 Annual Concentrations Annual Limit = 19ppb 15.0 10.0 Annual Annual 5.0 Concentration (ppb) Concentration 0.0 2015 2016 2017 Hourly Exceedances of 134ppb 46 44 42 40 38 36 Number of of Number Exceedances 34 32 2015 2016 2017 Years • Ambient SO2 levels below permissible (88) number of exceedances at Medupi site – downwind of both Matimba and Medupi 7 February 2018 13 Current Status of Eskom’s Air Quality Compliance Plan Summary of Eskom’s Air Quality Improvement plan - roadmap towards compliance HFT HFT HFT HFT HFT Completed or high frequency transformer (HFT) installations 7 February 2018 15 Eskom’s emission reductions roadmap towards compliance – Particulate Emissions (PM) Particulate emissions: 63% reduction by 2026 0.40 Completed – 0.35 October 2017 Funds allocated and out on tender 0.30 Delayed Grootvlei FFP Funds allocated and 0.25 contracting strategy in progress 0.20 Potential Delay Tutuka FFP 0.15 Kriel FFP 0.10 Matla, Duvha, Lethabo, Kendal, Matimba refurbs & HFTs 0.05 Duvha HFT approved in Dec 2017. Lethabo HFT out on tender. Improved Relative particulate emissions (kg/MWhSO)emissions particulate Relative precip performance at Matla (units 1&4 ESP refurbishments to be 0.00 completed by 2020 and HFT to be tested in 2018 and implemented 2019 to 22) 7 February 2018 16 Eskom’s emission reductions roadmap towards compliance – Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) NOx emissions: 23% reduction by 2026 4.50 4.00 Funds allocated. Detailed designs completed. 3.50 3.00 Tutuka LNB modfication 2.50 Majuba LNB modfication 2.00 Matla burner replacement 1.50 1.00 Funds allocated. Detailed designs in progress. Relative NOx emissions (kg/MWhSO)emissions NOx Relative 0.50 0.00 7 February 2018 17 Eskom’s emission reductions roadmap towards compliance – Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) SO2 emissions: 18% reduction by 2026 9.00 FGD installed at Kusile as part of construction. Unit 1 8.00 in commercial operation. 7.00 Commissioning of Medupi (and Kusile) 6.00 5.00 Medupi FGD retrofit 4.00 Note: Pre-feasibility study in 3.00 progress for Circulating Potential delay in FGD retrofit: Fluidized Bed desulphurisation Project in place to undertake 2.00 for Kendal power station coal blending so as to reduce (2025/26). spikes in SO2 emissions. Relative SO2 emissions (kg/MWhSO)emissions SO2 Relative 1.00 0.00 7 February 2018 18 Eskom’s Air Quality Offset Programme What can be achieved through offsets? Primary • Improve air quality aim • Local job creation and skills development • Improve communities’ health and quality of life Secondary • Improve relationships with communities aims • Reduce energy poverty • Cost effective channelling of resources • Reduce CO2 emissions 7 February 2018 20 What will Eskom be doing for the offsets? Programme of activities: Household Community Education Projects to emission emission and be reduction reduction awareness considered (Nkangala, (Vaal) for Gert household Sibande) application 217 February 2018 21 Eskom’s air quality offsets journey 2011-2013 2014-2016 2017 2018-2020 2019-2025 In contracting phase roll out Insulation and August 2018 Tested insulation, electricity LPG, clean coal Large-scale stoves, electricity roll-out (at subsidy; electricity Lead least one starter pack implementation settlement (KwaZamokuhle, 30-house per power Ezamokuhle station) – 40 electricity Sharpeville) – pilot 000 5000 households Pilot households projects in Completed KwaZamoku in Dec 2017 hle – 120 Pre- households feasibility study Programme Implementation Project design design plans documents document 7 February 2018 22 Key findings from the electricity pilot study • Houses already have Dirty fuels Exclusive use of cleaner fuels electricity but don’t use it due to perceived high cost to cook and heat with and cultural preferences. • It is feasible to switch Coal / RDP Fuel Electricity Electricity LPG household from coal to Wood Switch electricity but there is a high risk of reverting back to coal due to cultural norms, electricity cost, electricity supply cuts, ability to heat houses in winter. • Hybrid of electricity and gas is proposed: Gas/elec plates, electric.. 7 February 2018 23 Changes to AQO plans (interventions) • Intervention for RDP houses (as per initial plan) • Insulation: Full retrofit (ceilings plus walls) Draft proofing • Fuel switching: Switch households to LPG (swop coal stove for LPG stove and heater). • Proposed intervention for RDP houses (current plan) • Insulation: Basic retrofit (ceilings only) • Fuel switching: Switch Draft households to electricity plus LPG proofing backup (swop coal stove for hybrid gas electric ). Rewiring + CoC 7 February 2018 24 Lead implementation rollout starting in October 2018: Number of houses Estimated rollout schedule – 166 houses/month ramping up to 334 houses/month 7 February 2018 25 Large scale roll-out The offset interventions will be rolled out at least one settlement per power station (of which there are 12), commencing with the baseline determination and planning in 2018, and implementation in 2019/20.
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