DOCSLIB.ORG

Testing and Evaluation of Debarking Machine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Testing and Evaluation of Debarking Machine Improving Latex Extraction Technology by Debarking Guayule March 2015 RIRDC Publication No. 15/039 Improving Latex Extraction Technology by Debarking Guayule by M.L. Gupta, D.L. George and G.M Bedane March 2015 RIRDC Publication No 15/039 RIRDC Project No PRJ-000532 © 2015 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-783-1 ISSN 1440-6845 Improving latex extraction technology by debarking guayule Publication No. 15/039 Project No. PRJ-000532 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. However, wide dissemination is encouraged. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to RIRDC Communications on phone 02 6271 4100. Researcher Contact Details M.L Gupta School of Land, Crop & Food Sciences The University of Queensland Gatton QLD 4343 Phone: 07 5460 1358 Fax: 07 5460 1112 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 2, 15 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6271 4100 Fax: 02 6271 4199 Email: [email protected]. Web: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Electronically published by RIRDC in March 2015 Print-on-demand by Union Offset Printing, Canberra at www.rirdc.gov.au or phone 1300 634 313 ii Foreword Guayule is a member of the sunflower family, Asteraceae, and belongs to the genus Parthenium. Out of the 16 species of Parthenium, it is the only one known to produce rubber in any significant quantity (Siddiqui and Locktov 1981). Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) stores its rubber primarily within the cells of its bark. The present rubber extraction method involves rupturing of these cells by grinding the whole plant, but guayule bark constitutes only 30% of the dry weight of the whole shrub. Therefore, harvesting, transporting and processing of plant material other than bark for latex extraction increase cost of field handling, transportation and processing. Debarking guayule soon after harvesting at the crop site will substantially improve the efficiency of latex extraction technology by reducing costs of transporting material to the processing location and increasing the processing capacity of the latex extraction plant. Introduction of a guayule debarking system will enhance the latex extraction process; hence, the outcome of this research will strongly benefit the industry by saving energy and production costs making rubber production from guayule more commercially viable. Guayule debarking and separation technology has been developed and tested. The prototype debarking machine requires a single source of power and improvements in capacity by scaling up the design. Further work is needed to provide mobility in the field as well means of attachment to a guayule harvester. The test has indicated that the performance of the separation system can be improved by enlargement of the venturi system and fine tuning of the air velocity and material collection cut-off distances. Moreover, feasibility studies and suitability of the bark processed for high quality latex needs to be investigated. This project was funded from RIRDC Core Funds which are provided by the Australian Government. This report is an addition to RIRDC’s diverse range of over 2000 research publications and it forms part of our New and Emerging Plant Industries RD&E program, which aims to conduct research, development and extension for new, emerging and other core funded plant industries that contribute to the profitability, sustainability and productivity of regional Australia. Most of RIRDC’s publications are available for viewing, free downloading or purchasing online at www.rirdc.gov.au. Purchases can also be made by phoning 1300 634 313. Craig Burns Managing Director Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation iii Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................. vi Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Review of Literature.............................................................................................................................. 3 Methods used for large diameter stems ............................................................................................. 3 Methods used for small diameter plant stems ................................................................................... 5 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Establishment of Guayule Plants ......................................................................................................... 8 Propagation ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Field establishment and maintenance ............................................................................................... 8 Design and Development of a Guayule Debarking System .............................................................. 10 Design criteria ................................................................................................................................. 10 Preliminary investigations............................................................................................................... 10 Machine development ..................................................................................................................... 11 Testing and Evaluation of Debarking Machine ................................................................................ 15 Evaluation of the bark removal system ........................................................................................... 15 Evaluation of the separation system ................................................................................................ 17 Implications and Recommendations .................................................................................................. 20 References ............................................................................................................................................ 21 iv Tables Table 1. Stem diameters at different height and age of guayule plant ............................................. 10 Table 2. Average mass of shrub and composition of bark, wood and leaf material from 500g processed sample .............................................................................................................. 15 Table 3. Debarking efficiencies and percentage of processed material at different feed rates. ....... 16 Table 4. Average separation efficiencies, dry mass and percentage of material ............................. 19 Table 5. Average percentage of bark in leaf section and wood section ........................................... 19 Figures Figure 1. Drawknife (Manual debarking) ........................................................................................... 3 Figure 2. Drum debarker ..................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3. Cradle ring debarker ............................................................................................................ 5 Figure 4. Chain-flail debarker ............................................................................................................. 6 Figure 5. Guayule seedlings in the nursery (5 weeks after sowing) at Gatton, Queensland ............... 8 Figure 6. Guayule plants in the field (4 weeks after transplanting) at Gatton, Queensland................ 9 Figure 7. Two years old guayule plants in the field at Gatton, Queensland ....................................... 9 Figure
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Drying of Pharmaceutical Powders Using an Agitated Filter Dryer
    Drying of Pharmaceutical Powders Using An Agitated Filter Dryer Wei Li Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Institute of Particle Science and Engineering December 2014 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his/her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Wei Li to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. - ii - Acknowledgements I would first like to express my gratitude to Professor Kevin J. Roberts and Tariq Mahmud for their help and supervision throughout the course of this research work. I very appreciate that I spent such a fulfilled time to work in the field of Chemical Engineering especially in process engineering an area that I am so interested in. I am deeply grateful to them that they introduced me to the field of chemical engineering a discipline that I am much more proficient in. I would also like to thank the technical staff in School of Chemical and Process Engineering, in particular Steve Caddick, Peter Dawson, John Cran and Simon Lloyd for their support in building up the experimental facilities needed for this research as well as for carrying out repairs and relocating to the filter dryer rig. I would also like to extend my appreciation to Stephen Terry from electronics workshop for his help for developing and implementing the LabVIEW system needed to control the experimental rigs used.
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Illustrated Guide to Shaping Wood / Lonnie Bird
    The COMPLETE ILLUSTRATED Guide to ShapingWood LONNIE BIRD ➤ Squares, Circles, and Ellipses ➤ Edge Treatments and Moldings ➤ Coves, Reeds, and Flutes ➤ Bent and Laminated Curves ➤ Turned and Carved Shapes The COMPLETE ILLUSTRATED Guide to ShapingWood TJ51-1-2008 IMUS 7/UOA0069-Shaping Wood W:9.25”xH:10.875” Wood TJ51-1-2008 IMUS 7/UOA0069-Shaping 175L EX 128White A M/A(D) The COMPLETE ILLUSTRATED Guide to ShapingWood LONNIE B IRD t TJ51-1-2008 IMUS 7/UOA0069-Shaping Wood W:9.25”xH:10.875” Wood TJ51-1-2008 IMUS 7/UOA0069-Shaping 175L EX 128White A M/A Magenta(D) Text © 2001 by Lonnie Bird Photographs © 2001 by Lonnie Bird Illustrations © 2001 by The Taunton Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Pp The Taunton Press, Inc., 63 South Main Street, PO Box 5506, Newtown, CT 06470-5506 e-mail: [email protected] DESIGN: Lori Wendin LAYOU T: Suzi Yannes ILLUSTRATOR: Mario Ferro PHOTOGRAPHER: Lonnie Bird LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA: Bird, Lonnie. The complete illustrated guide to shaping wood / Lonnie Bird. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-1-56158-400-0 ISBN-10: 1-56158-400-2 1. Woodwork. I. Title. TT180 .B57 2001 TJ51-1-2008 IMUS 7/UOA0069-Shaping Wood W:9.25”xH:10.875” Wood TJ51-1-2008 IMUS 7/UOA0069-Shaping 175L EX 128White A M/A Magenta(D) 684’.08--dc21 2001027430 Printed in Thailand 1098765 About Your Safety: Working with wood is inherently dangerous. Using hand or power tools improperly or ignoring safety practices can lead to permanent injury or even death.
    [Show full text]
  • Handtools for Trail Work Forest Service
    United States In cooperation Department of with Agriculture Handtools for Trail Work Forest Service Technology & 2005 Edition Development Program 2300 Recreation February 2005 0523–2810P–MTDC You can order a copy of this document using the order form on the FHWA’s Recreational Trails Program Web site Notice at <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/rectrails/trailpub .htm>. This document was produced in cooperation with the Recreational Trails Program of the U.S. Department of Fill out the order form and submit it electronically. Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government Or you may email your request to: assumes no liability for the use of information contained in [email protected] this document. Or mail your request to: The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manu- Szanca Solutions/FHWA PDC facturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in 13710 Dunnnings Highway this report only because they are considered essential to Claysburg, PA 16625 the objective of this document. Fax: 814–239–2156 The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, Produced by: who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data USDA Forest Service, MTDC presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect 5785 Hwy. 10 West the official policy of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Missoula, MT 59808-9361 This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or Phone: 406–329–3978 regulation. Fax: 406–329–3719 Email: [email protected] Web site: http://www.fs.fed.us/eng/pubs —Cover photo: The 1924 Trail Gang in the Flume, Courtesy of the Appalachian Mountain Club.
    [Show full text]
  • How I Carve Wooden Spoons
    How I carve wooden spoons https://www.emmetvandriesche.com/blog/archives/04-2017 There are many ways to go about carving spoons. Some people use clamps and gouges at a workbench. Some people use shaving horses and spokeshaves. Some use spoon mules, some use bandsaws or twa cams (although fewer know how to pronounce it than use it) or -- gasp-- even sandpaper. This is just my way of carving wooden spoons. It is guided by a desire to make spoons quickly so that I can sell them for an affordable price, and by the imperative that they must work exceptionally well. I am not drawn to ornamentation for its own sake. I am delighted by design elements that are organic and playful while existing for some functional reason. I use just a handful of simple tools, which will be introduced as they come on the scene. For me, a spoon always starts as a log which must be split. I never whack the back of my carving axe with another hatchet or sledge, since this can deform the eye over time (I keep a couple beater hatchets around where I do precisely this, however). Instead I use a simple club I made from a chunk of tree trunk by sawing around the circumference and splitting off the extra wood to made a crude handle. This will be visible in the background of some of the next photos. When I've split off a piece of wood that has enough room for my spoon within it, I turn it around to see if I can orient the curves of the spoon to correspond with natural curves in the grain.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 05—Types of Axes and Related Tools
    11 Chapter 5—Types of Axes and Related Tools Single-Bit Axes he European single-bit ax evolved into the Ameri- European cutting edge to the shorter, wider American Tcan single-bit ax with the addition of the poll. By cutting edge increased the accuracy and durability of adding weight to the back of the ax head, the poll pro- the tool. The poll and wider cutting edge of the Ameri- vided better balance and increased the striking force can single-bit ax (figure 5–1) increased its cutting effi- of the ax. The additional change from the long, narrow ciency and made it the new standard. Common Single-Bit Axe Head Patterns OR NATIONAL Figure 5–1—Common single-bit ax head patterns. Refer to “Appendix A—Full-Page Ax Illustrations” for a larger version of this illustration. Produced by: U.S. Department of Agriculture • Forest Service • National Technology and Development Program • Missoula, MT • 1623–2M04–MTDC Chapter 5—Types of Axes and Related Tools 12 The poll also created a flat striking surface on the One exception is the rafting-pattern ax (figure 5–3). In back side of the ax head, providing the user with a the past, logs held together with steel cables and pounding or driving tool as well as a cutting tool. chains formed rafts that loggers floated downstream Keep in mind that, even today, the poll typically is not to the sawmill. The hardened poll on the back of a hardened steel and you should not use it to strike rafting-pattern ax allowed the loggers to drive metal another piece of steel, such as a metal splitting fasteners to secure the cables and chains without wedge.
    [Show full text]
  • Hans Brunner Tool Auctions June 22, 2012
    Hans Brunner Tool Auctions June 22, 2012 PO Box 5238, Brassall Qld 4305 www.hansbrunnertools.gil.com.au 07 3294 8253 Vol 21 Antique Tools & Parts Sales in March, June, Sept & Dec - to subscribe to free catalogues please write or email. The low estimate is the reserve – I accept any amount on or over the reserve. Send in your bids anytime. Deadline is 12.00 noon on auction day. The highest offer wins. If identical bids are received on a lot the first one in is the winner. I’ll invoice you the day after the sale. Postage is extra I rate the condition of the lots from P (poor) Fr (fair) G (good) G+ (very good) to F (fine) 2 1 Double-sided shifting spanner by Crescent. Very minor 2 Butcher’s steel marked Nichols Bros. Steel is rust, no pitting. 8” 14” long, overall with handle 19.5” G $ 15-30 1 long. G+ $ 30-60 3 4 Super clean Greenlee 8” drawknife in the 4 English style with a 3 Stanley 36 ½ L one foot box- wood rule straight back. Minor chip with calliper. Minor nick above the 1 inch on one handle. G+ 30-60 mark. G $ 15-30 5 Very collectable Junior Shell tin for 6 cleaning/lighter fluid. Very good graphics on all sides. This model 6 Brass powder flask made in Italy. 9 never had a handle. ½” long. No attempt was made to 7 5 3” x 1 ¾” x 3 ¾”. G+ artificially age this flask – even though 30-70 it’s not new.
    [Show full text]
  • Mountain Life Field Trip Packet
    MOUNTAIN LIFE Ranger Led THEME: Culture Program GRADE LEVEL: Second BEST TIME TO PLAN TRIP: Fall or Spring UNIT RATIONALE FOR CADES COVE Cades Cove is the largest valley in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The area had been inhabited by Cherokee Indians prior to the arrival of the first European settlers, John and Lucretia Oliver, around 1819. Elijah Oliver, son of the Oliver’s, lived on a farmstead with his wife and their five children until his death in 1905. A thriving community grew from one family to over 100 families by the 1850’s. Cades Cove at one time boasted four churches, five schools, four stores, five overshot wheel grist mills, telephone lines, and a population of almost 700 people. The 0.3 mile easy walk from the parking lot leads to the Elijah Oliver Place. This farmstead will be the site for hands-on learning activities to describe interactions between the people who once lived here and their environment. UNIT RATIONALE FOR PORTERS FLAT Porters Flat, located in Greenbrier Cove is a comparatively primitive section of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Located on the northern edge of the Park, this wilderness area includes the watershed of the Middle Prong of the Little Pigeon River, pristine hardwood cove forest, and virgin timber lands. It offers some of the most rugged scenery in the Park, yet was once the most thickly settled area within the present Park boundary. The first European pioneers settled in the Porters Flat, Greenbrier Cove area in the late 1700’s. The community grew and at one time boasted three general merchandise stores, two churches, one public school, a hotel, three blacksmith shops, five corn mills, and approximately 500 people, most of them supported by small farms.
    [Show full text]
  • Intro to the Joiners Craft Lesson Plan
    Port Townsend School of Woodworking HTH: Intro to the Joiners Craft Lesson Plan Day 1: ● Welcome and Orientation ● Introductory Talk: Working Wood with Hand Tools ● First Project: The Straight Edge: Introduction to the construction and use of a wooden Straight Edge ○ Skills introduced: ■ Selecting wood for stability (reading grain; checking moisture content; etc.) and for hand-tool “friendliness”. ■ Crosscutting at the sawbench (and at the workbench with a panel saw). ■ Creating a flat, mirror-smooth finish with a series of planes. ■ Planing a straight and true edge (using a try plane; using a shooting board). ■ Laying out, shaping, smoothing and beveling a curved (or tapered) edge using a panel saw for wasting, drawknives for shaping, spokeshaves and scrapers for smoothing. ■ Drill a hole with a brace and bit; chamfering hole with chamfer tool ■ Shaping with rasps ○ Tools introduced: ■ Crosscut handsaw and sawbench; panel saw; fore plane, try plane, smooth plane, and trim plane; drawknife; brace and Revised 5/21/2020 Page 1 Port Townsend School of Woodworking HTH: Intro to the Joiners Craft Lesson Plan bit; drawknife, rasp, file, spokeshave and scraper. ○ Demos, Practice and Project work: ■ Demo: Layout of a template on stock to capture appropriate grain patterns. ■ Demo: Coarse crosscutting at the sawbench. ■ Practice: Crosscut practice stock from plank (1x6x two handspans in length.) ■ Demo: Bench plane fundamentals with focus on wasting, flattening and smoothing techniques, Includes plane use, setup and sharpening. ■ Practice: Flatten and smooth one face of practice stock ■ Project work: Surface/smooth both sides of straightedge workpiece. ■ Demo: Plane an edge straight with jack plane; use of shooting board for final truing to square; “breaking” an edge with trim plane ■ Practice: Straighten and true one edge of practice stock and trim corners ■ Project work: True one edge of workpiece.
    [Show full text]
  • A Publication of the Mid-West Tool Collector's Association Newton's
    Newton's shuttle planer ► 12 American drawknives ► 16 Scottish braces ► 24 Auxiliary ► 30 A Publication of the Mid-West Tool Collector's Association M-WTCA.ORG Chaff N. 99 June, 2000 Copyright 2000 by Mid-West Tool Collectors Association, Inc. All rights reserved. From the President Editor Mary Lou Stover S76W19954 Prospect Dr. Muskego, WI 53150 I am going to we need for our meetings. And I know Associate Editor Roger K. Smith raise a subject that that some members can attend meet­ Contributing Editor Thomas Lamond many believe should ings only if they can save money by Advertising Manager Paul Gorham be left alone. But THE GRISTMILL is the official publication of the Miu-West T,xil staying in a less expensive hotel. For Collectors Association, Inc. Puhlishcd quarterly in March, June, here it is. those people who must make a choice, September and December. lnc purpose of lhe association is to promote the preservation, Who pays for we obviously want you to make the study and understanding of ancient l<X>ls, implements and devices choice that will allow you to attend the of farm, home, industry and shop of the pioneers; also, lo study the the cost of the crafts in which lhcsc objects were used and the craftsmen who meeting. used them; and 10 share knowledge and understanding with others, trading and display especially where it may bcncril restoralion, museums and like inslilulions. space in our meeting Don Tubman and the meeting hosts President Mel Ring hotels? The answer 35 Orchard La. are finding it increasingly difficult to Huntington, IN 46570-1744 is simple: Members booking and paying locate affordable meeting space.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Larson Company 
    Robert Larson Company 1 Chisel Sets Bevel Edge Chisels Boxed Chisel Sets Wooden Handles Two different sets of high quality Two Cherries bevel edge chisels with These chisels are made of the highest quality German steel. Carefully made, pol- hardwood handles. The set of six ished all-around. One of the finest tools made in the world! Ten to fourteen inches chisels consists of sizes 6-10-12-16- in overall length. Choose between a traditional and well proportioned wooden Set of four and a set of six wooden 20-26mm, the set of four consists of handle, or nearly unbreakable cellulose acetate plastic handle. A number of sets are handled bevel edge chisels in a fitted 10-16-20-26mm. available which include the most important sizes. Inch sizing is approximate. wooden box. Keeps your chisels pro- tected in storage and ready to use. Set 500-1562 ..................................... Set of Six 500-1564 ...................................Set of Four Carefully forged blades are skillfully heat treated in an immersion bath method of six contains 6-10-12-16-20-26mm to achieve a Rockwell hardness of 61o C. This means that sharpening the chisels chisels. Set of four contains 10-16-20- may take a few extra minutes, but they will hold an edge significantly longer than 26mm chisels. almost any other chisels! After heat treating, the blades are polished to a rich finish 500-1559 .........Set of Four in Wooden Box 500-1561 ...........Set of Six in Wooden Box that makes them a joy to use. Fitting appropriate handles is the final step in produc- Chisel Sets ing these highest quality German chisels.
    [Show full text]
  • Planned Acquisition List for Gallery 1 of Buckeye Agricultural Museum and Education Center
    Planned acquisition list for Gallery 1 of Buckeye Agricultural Museum and Education Center. Exhibits date from 1800 to 1865: LAND CLEARING Early vellum land grant from region Stone boat Bobsled Harrow (rectangular) Harrow (triangle or “A’ shape) Breaking plow with wood moldboard Side plow Land roller / Clod crusher Grubbing hoe Wooden rake Blacksmith-made iron rake Felling axe Other kinds of axes Surveyor’s compass Land chain Stump puller Ring dog Log tongs Pickaroon HARVESTING Reaping hook Scythe Grain Cradle Wooden hay forks Barley fork Grain flail Wooden grain shovel Winnowing tray / fan Corn husking pegs in wood, iron, bone, antler Corn shock binder Corn cutting knife Leg-mounted Corn stalk cutter Two-row horse-drawn corn cutter Potato plow Tobacco spear point Tobacco drying lath Tobacco tomahawk Hay saws / knives – various styles Hay hooks – blacksmith forged Hay sling Hay crook Hay harpoon Fodder cutter Slaw shredding board Pottery storage vessels – crocks, jars ,bottles etc. Wooden barrel CUTTING TOOLS Broad axe Broad hatchet Mortising axe Holtzaxe Other various axes Axe handle pattern Two-man saw Timber saw Hand augers Froe Froe club Drawknife Wood adz Clapboard slick Stone crandal Bark spud Sharpening stone Block / stump knife Glut Corner chisel Mortising chisel CHEESE MAKING TOOLS Cheese press Curd rake Curd whisk Cheese ladder Cheese hoops Cheese tester Curd breaker TEXTILE TOOLS Wool-spinning wheel Flax-spinning wheel Flax breaker Scutching knife Flax hatchel Hanks of combed flax Specimens of flax plants Wool carders Niddy-noddy
    [Show full text]
  • Assembly Instructions Prepping Your Knife Setting the Drawsharp
    Thank you for purchasing the Drawsharp, invented by chairmaker Peter Galbert, designed with and built by Benchcrafted. The Drawsharp makes drawknife sharpening a quick, easy and repeatable process, yielding beautifully polished edges otherwise difficult to achieve with other methods. Everything you need is in the tin, including enough abrasives for dozens of sharpening sessions. Refill kits are available at Benchcrafted.com. Assembly Instructions Component List: Insert the cap screws through the body and slip Body the wear plate over the screws, threading the two Wear Plate bumpers onto the screws. Tighten the cap screws Nut (2) with an allen wrench. When the wear plate wears Cap screw (2) with use, flip it over and use the other side. Bumper (2) Post (2) Remove the backing paper from the VELCRO Stud (2) bearing and adhere the VELCRO into the recess in Sleeve (2) each post. Use an allen wrench to thread a stud VELCRO® loop bearing (2) into each post until the yellow locking element Diamond pad (2) engages fully. PSA abrasive paper Do this with the pad (10) post inserted in the body’s slot for resistance. Insert each post into the slot in the body and thread a nut onto each stud from below. The flat portion of the post’s collar should face the bumpers. Apply one abrasive paper pad to each sleeve opposite each diamond pad. Each sleeve should have one of each abrasive on it: a diamond pad on one side of the sleeve, and the abrasive paper pad on the opposite side of the same sleeve.
    [Show full text]