Coresearch (1974)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Coresearch (1974) 176##1974 Produced by the Central Communication Unit for circulation among members of CSI RO staff January 1974 (SI RO to review its medical research policy More emphasis may be placed on nutrition CSIRO is cnrrently giv­ Professor Fenner H Iso sug­ 'This research is sometimes • influenza virus vaccine; syner~ • muscular dystrophies - Food gested that the Australian not satisfactorily exploited in gism of antihacterial com~ Research, Protein Chemistry, ing consideration to the im­ Government should: relalion to human health be­ pact of its work relating to pounds (working together o[ Nutritional Biochemistry • set lip an Australian Medical cause of the absence of effec­ antibacterial compounds with • collagens and ageing; woo] medical research and the Research Council separate tive liaison between CSIRO body (issues and substances) allergenic properties - Pro­ Executive proposes to create from the National Health and medical research workers, -Animal Genetics tein Chemistry and Medical Research Coun­ or because an organisation for e reprC?ductive physiology, en· • advice on statistical aspects a CSIRO Medical Research conducting tbe appropriate foJ-' Liaison Committee on cil, which would become the docnnolagy, polyunsaturated of many programmes of National Health Council low-up medical research does fat mCcHs and milk procJucts medical research - Mathe­ which both CSIRO and • establish an Australian not exist in Australia,' he said. - Animal Physiology, Food matical Statistics medical interests will be National Institute for Medi­ Informal arrangements were Research, Nutritional Bio­ • biomedical engineering-TriN represented. cal Research with a focus on sometimes made by CSIRO chemistry bophysies social and environmental scientists for collaboration with • climate pbysiology-Mechani­ • fsafe 1 cigarettes: wool filters Aware that many of CSIRO's medicine, under the control research workers engaged in activities arc already in fields cal Engineering, Chemical and lowering of tar/nicotine of the Australian Medical clinical or public health re­ Physics, Animal Physiology content of leaf - Textile related (0 human hcallh, the Research Council, and with Executive lust year asked Pro­ search, and specialist organisa­ • sewerage trealment and re­ Physics, Tobacco Research. CSIRO conditions of employ­ moval of viruses ~ AppHed fessor Frank Felmer, formerly ment of research staff. tions such as the Austrnlian Director of the John Curtin Biochemical Society and the Chemistry Cont'd on page 4 School of Medical Research ut Australian Society for Micro­ the AlIstnlliun National IJniN CSIRO research biology have played an im­ vcrsity, to lu'cparc a reporl for In. summarising his report, portant role in encouraging in­ the Advisory Council. Professor Fennel' said that a formal contacts between CSIRO considerable amount of basic All Divisions were consuHed scientists and medical research research in biomedical science on uny work they might be do­ workers in other organisations, ing in this field and later Pro­ was conducted by CSIRO scien­ fessor Fenner mel to talk with tists in the course of the-ir nor­ the report continued. representalives of the Executive mal work, particularly in lhose The type of biomedical re­ and the 22 n[ the 36 Divisions Divisions concerned with ani­ search which CSIRO is already that were involved in some as­ mal bealth and food· produc­ involved in included: pect of the work. Afterwards tion. Outside the Organization, • zoonoses (diseases transfer­ Professor Fenner visited some research in biomedical and able from animals to man)­ o[ the Divisions and held clinical research was conduclcd Animal Health, Wildlife Re­ mainly in tbe medical schools further discussions with the search Chiefs and scientific staff. of the St~te universities, in pJ"i~ vate meclJcal research institutes • immunology of worm and bac­ In his report to the Advisory terial infections, and asthma Council, Professor Fenner's re­ and in the John Curtin School -Animal Health, Protein commendations were in two of Medical Research at ihe parts. Those that were related A.N.U. Chemistry directly to CSIRO were that the Organization should: • establish a CSIRO Commit­ tee on Medical Research NEW CHIEF FOR 'MATH STATS' • review its olIicial attitude on medical research All Australian, "rofcssor J. Now 48 years of age, Pro­ • establish a Division of Human Gani, who hus won 1U1 interN fessor Gani received his PhD Nutrition. nnHonal rC(lutation in thc field from the Australian National of IJrobahility and sfufislics, University in Canberra in 1955 hDS been appointed fhe new and was awarded the degree of Chief of the Division of Mathe­ ~9~~.from London University in mUlieol Siofistirs. New secretary Currently, Professor Gani is He has published 60 research Dircclor of the Manchester­ papers on mathematical statis­ Sheffield Universities' School of tics and applied probability and of Probability and Statistics has written two textbooks on and in the past has held senior statistics. positions in mathematics and Last year Professor Gani statistics at universities in Aus­ came to Australia at the request tralia, the USA and Canada. of the Executive to review and report on the future activities of the Division and he will be back again early this month for a week-long planning session in More interest Canberra and probably Ade­ 'Sun Pictorial photo' laide. Because the Executive has for investors concluded that in future greater Ifs madam president now emphasis should be placed on The Directors of the Laboro­ CSIRO scientist, Ms Bar­ rested in microbiological tories Co-operative Limited in applied mathematics research, the name of the Division is' to bara Keogh, has been elected problems of the dairy in­ Canberra have reviewed the the new president of the dustry in general. current Interest rate paid by be changed to Mathematics and StatistiCS nearer the time Pro­ Melbourne Sciences Club, an The club has 1400 mem­ Phil O'Brien, Personnel Officer the Co-operative. The interest organisation in which men bers, 50 of them women, for the ACT and Northern Ter­ rates payable from 1 January fessor GRnL takes over. The headquarters of the outnumber women nearly 30 and Barbara was one of its ritory, has been elected to the will now be: to one. It is the first time foundation members when position of ACT Branch Secre­ • fortnightly deductions from Division will also be shifted to Canberra about that time but it the club has chosen a woman it started in 1968. Member­ tary of the Administrative and salary -7 per cent for the position. sbip is made up of scientists Clerical Officers' Association. is not intended that the group • short term deposits (under 12 at Adelaide will be shifted to A microbiologist, Btu·bam and technologists who be­ He has been granted leave of months) -7 per cent has worked for CSIRO for long to scientific societies absence to enable him to take the ACT en rnasse. • long term deposits (over 12 Discussing the changes with nearly 20 years and is a alliliated with the Clunies up his appointment. member of the staff of tbe Ross Fonndation. Phll joined the Head Office months) -7t per cent. the staff at a recent Division conference, Mr V. D. Burg­ Dairy Research Laboratory Members meet regularly Staff Section in 1965 and trans­ The Co-operative is inte­ of the Division of Food to discuss their work, to ferred to Canberra in 1967. He rested in arranging fortnightly mann of the Executive said that the growth of the Division in Research at Highett. Most hear guest speakers talk not has always been active In savings and term deposits from of her work is concerned only on science, but on all staff. Inquiries should be future would be concentrated ACOA activities, and for the with research studies relat­ tOPICS of community inte­ past three years has been Presi­ directed to Mr M. Bakker, more in Canberra than in other centres and that Professor Gani ing to cheese starter or­ rest, and to thrash out their dent of the ACT Division of the Regional Administrative Office, ganisms, but she is inte- problems. Council of Commonwealth Pub­ P.O. Box 500, Civic Square, would make that city the base lic Service Organizations. ACT 2608. from which he would operate. Max Planck Society concerned CHAIRMAN PRAISES WORK OF BENEVOLENT FUNDS Morc thall 4500 members of took into account the human with community relations staff (abollt 68 llcr ecnt) arc factor. now con(ributillg to the four 'People and their require­ CSIRO Benevolent ]7Ullds, 11 ments are regarded as an essen­ At a time when CSIRO is becoming increasingly aware of the effects of modern ()racticnl eX(lfcssion of fhe tial feature of the study, as science and technology on the general public and is looking at ways by which 'future social conscience of those whQ we.ll as the need for lltilisillg shock could be 1II1eviated', it is interesting to note that overseas scientific orgauisations work for (he Ol'gnnizaHoll and the resources and for the con­ their fhoughtfulllcss for theiJ' servation of the environment.' are eqnally concerned with the sitnation. colleagues who might of some In the remote communities time he involvcd ill accidents study, the Organization was One of these is (he Mux the Government and the rest or meet with other un[orscclI embarking on 'an almost un­ l'lanck Society for the Ad­ from private sources. misfor~une. charted sea as far as CSIRO is Mention of Ihis high con­ concerned'. this programme, vancement of Science. 'But the Government doesn't In tribution rale and the feelings Ml [SU, Katherine, Kununurra, determine how spend This organisation, which has we Ollr behind the membership was Mt Newman and Dampier have money,' Professor Lust said. its headquarters in Munich, is made by the Chairman, Dt' been put under the microscope 'Wc do, however, have a Board Illude UIJ of 49 Institutes in J. R.
Recommended publications
  • Scientists' Houses in Canberra 1950–1970
    EXPERIMENTS IN MODERN LIVING SCIENTISTS’ HOUSES IN CANBERRA 1950–1970 EXPERIMENTS IN MODERN LIVING SCIENTISTS’ HOUSES IN CANBERRA 1950–1970 MILTON CAMERON Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Cameron, Milton. Title: Experiments in modern living : scientists’ houses in Canberra, 1950 - 1970 / Milton Cameron. ISBN: 9781921862694 (pbk.) 9781921862700 (ebook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Scientists--Homes and haunts--Australian Capital Territority--Canberra. Architecture, Modern Architecture--Australian Capital Territority--Canberra. Canberra (A.C.T.)--Buildings, structures, etc Dewey Number: 720.99471 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by Sarah Evans. Front cover photograph of Fenner House by Ben Wrigley, 2012. Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2012 ANU E Press; revised August 2012 Contents Acknowledgments . vii Illustrations . xi Abbreviations . xv Introduction: Domestic Voyeurism . 1 1. Age of the Masters: Establishing a scientific and intellectual community in Canberra, 1946–1968 . 7 2 . Paradigm Shift: Boyd and the Fenner House . 43 3 . Promoting the New Paradigm: Seidler and the Zwar House . 77 4 . Form Follows Formula: Grounds, Boyd and the Philip House . 101 5 . Where Science Meets Art: Bischoff and the Gascoigne House . 131 6 . The Origins of Form: Grounds, Bischoff and the Frankel House . 161 Afterword: Before and After Science .
    [Show full text]
  • Adelaidean Vol 6 No 12 14 July 1997
    Adelaidean Vol 6 No 12 AdelaideanN EWS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE JULY 14, 1997 ‘Horse course’ targets industry needs The ‘horse course’ at the University of interested and willing to do whatever Adelaide’s Roseworthy Campus is it takes to get the work done. now well on track to produce gradu- “We want them to adopt a work ates who are better suited to the ethic so that when they get out into needs of industry. the real world they have suitable expe- The Diploma in Horse Husbandry rience and initiative, making them of and Management has this year under- value to their employer.” gone major changes following consul- Graduates of the course have a wide tation with representatives of the rac- range of career options open to them ing, training, riding and retail in the horse industries. This includes industries. working in stud management, racing, The two-year diploma course pro- horse-related recreational and service vides students with skills in the han- industries, nutrition, equine journal- dling, riding and training of horses, as ism, business, marketing and advertis- well as property, personnel and busi- ing. ness management. Occasionally one of the Roseworthy Students are responsible for main- Campus horses is bred for the racing taining the Roseworthy stables, and in industry. The current hopeful is a the second year of their course they yearling thoroughbred, the last foal undertake industry experience either bred at the campus. in Australia or overseas. “So far the second year students Mrs Annette Warendorf, who last have broken him in and done some year was the top graduate from the pre-training with him,” said Mrs Horse Husbandry and Management Warendorf.
    [Show full text]
  • Genocide Perspectives VI Editors the Process and the Personal Cost of Genocide Marczak & Shields
    Genocide Perspectives VI The Process and the Personal Cost of Genocide The Process and the Personal Cost of Genocide The Process Genocide Perspectives VI CONTRIBUTORS Alex J. Bellamy and Stephen Mark Tedeschi AM QC McLoughlin The 2017 Myall Creek Massacre Fateful Choices: Political Leadership and Commemoration Speech the Paths to and from Mass Atrocities Caroline Schneider and Hans-Lukas Melanie O’Brien Kieser Freedom of Religion in the Genocidal Long Shadows—The Great War, Process and Group Destruction in Australia and the Middle East: From the the Holocaust and Armenian and Armenian to the Yazidi Genocide Cambodian Genocides Armen Gakavian Katharine Gelber “It’s Happening Again”: Genocide, Denial, Post-memory and Artefacts: The Gelber/ Exile and Trauma Altschul Collection Amanda Tink “If You’re Different Are You the Same?”: The Nazi Genocide of Disabled People and Les Murray’s Fredy Neptune Linda Shields and Susan Benedict Nursing in Nazi Germany and the “Euthanasia” Programmes Marczak & Shields Marczak Colin Tatz Genocide and Suicide Editors Jacob G. Warren Apprehending the Slow Violence of Nuclear Colonialism: Art and Maralinga UTS EPRESS PUBLISHES PEER-REVIEWED, SCHOLARLY OPEN ACCESS BOOKS AND JOURNALS Genocide Perspectives VI The Process and the Personal Cost of Genocide Edited by Nikki Marczak and Kirril Shields Australian Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Genocide Perspectives Series UTS ePRESS University of Technology Sydney Broadway NSW 2007 AUSTRALIA epress.lib.uts.edu.au Copyright Information This book is copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Science Down Under: a History of Research, Development and Extension in Support of Australia’S Livestock Industries
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Animal Production Science Reflections https://doi.org/10.1071/AN19161 Animal science Down Under: a history of research, development and extension in support of Australia’s livestock industries Alan W. Bell Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4801, USA. Email: [email protected] Abstract. This account of the development and achievements of the animal sciences in Australia is prefaced by a brief history of the livestock industries from 1788 to the present. During the 19th century, progress in industry development was due more to the experience and ingenuity of producers than to the application of scientific principles; the end of the century also saw the establishment of departments of agriculture and agricultural colleges in all Australian colonies (later states). Between the two world wars, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research was established, including well supported Divisions of Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, and there was significant growth in research and extension capability in the state departments. However, the research capacity of the recently established university Faculties of Agriculture and Veterinary Science was limited by lack of funding and opportunity to offer postgraduate research training. The three decades after 1945 were marked by strong political support for agricultural research, development and extension, visionary scientific leadership, and major growth in research institutions and achievements, partly driven by increased university funding and
    [Show full text]
  • The Advertiser: Maralinga Dossier
    The Advertiser: Maralinga Dossier A collection of articles by journalist Colin James. This collection used to be posted at: www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/sectionindex2/0%2C5935%2Cwoomera^woomera^T EXT%2C00.html ... but that page is no longer available and doesn't seem to be captured by web archive services (e.g. http://web.archive.org) List of articles in this file: Mums, babies had picnics during tests, 08 May 2003 www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,6406995%255E26839,00.html Nuclear tests no one knew about, 10 June 2003, www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,6571804%255E26839,00.html What killed the Woomera babies, 07 May 2003, www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,6406997%255E26839,00.html Nuclear dust settled across 1950s Adelaide, 06 May 2003, www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,6407001%255E26839,00.html Deaths, serious illness over three decades leads to call for inquiry, 03 May 2003 www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,6407003%255E26839,00.html Just like your dad, 03 May 2003, www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,6407060%255E26839,00.html Health card victory for test veterans, 08 Mar 2003, www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,6407061%255E26839,00.html Shut your eyes and dig, British military's advice for surviving an A-bomb, 08 Jun 2002, www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,6407063%255E26839,00.html Found: hidden documents on A-bomb tests, 24 April 2002, www.theadvertiser.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,6407066%255E26839,00.html
    [Show full text]
  • The Scientific Temper: an Anthology of Stories on Matters of Science By
    Trav.els 1982-Canberra, the Science City * . L ~ ‘ Tit.le 316 I met two important scientists in Canberra during that visit whom I had not known before: Professor Ted Ringwood, the inventor of ‘Synrock’ and Dr Susan Bam- brick, Senior Lecturer in Economics, both of the Australian National University, ANU. Ringwood had the simple, but brilliant idea that highly radioactive waste products should be enclosed in his invention, synthetic rock. The waste would then be sufficiently inert to be deposited safely for a very long time, not unlike the ura- nium isotopes which had been preserved over a period of 1800 million years in the natural Oklo reactor in Gabon. [See Title 2631. I subsequently never heard of any large scale use of synrock, nor did I hear any arguments or read,of any reasons why synrock was unsuitable for the purpose for which it was invented. - . , I, Dr Bambrick was, at the time I met her, an expert in the economics of Australian mineral products and their exports, and I invited her to contribute her views about her field of research. She .wrote the article during8the following year when she was a Fulbright Scholar in residence at Pennsylvania State College; and it was published in September 1984, ISR 9/3. Lconsidered it an excellent interdisciplinary contribu- tion, ,dealing with economics, politics, export controls and environmental protec- tion. 8 , I. -+ . , Canberra has always been .a great attraction for. me, being *Australia’sFederal Capital and ‘Science City’. Apart from housing the Premier Research University of Australia, ANU, it also has the hemispherical home of the Australian National Academy, whose Fellows proudly place FAA behind their name, equivalent to FRS in the scientific hierarchy.
    [Show full text]
  • Liversidge Research Lecture No
    Liversidge Research Lecture No. 8 1950 ENERGY TRANSACTIONS IN HOMEOTHERMIC ANIMALS HEDLEY R. MARSTON, F.R.S. The Royal Society of New South Wales Liversidge Research Lecture No. 8, 1950 Royal Society of NSW 1 Hedley Ralph Marston 1900-1965 This photograph is reproduced by permission of the Australian Academy of Science 216 2 Royal Society of NSW Liversidge Research Lecture No. 8, 1950 Liversidge Lecturer No. 8, 1950 HEDLEY RALPH MARSTON 1900-1965 Hedley Ralph Marston was born on 26 August 1900 at Bordertown, South Australia. He was educated at the Unley District Primary and High Schools; one of his fellow pupils there was Mark Oliphant (later Sir Mark). Upon leaving school he took a temporary position as laboratory assistant at the South Australian Government Laboratory for Pathology and Bacteriology. In 1917, after further study of natural science, he obtained a scholarship to study at the South Australian School of Mines that he attended from 1917-1920. He then took courses in physics and chemistry at the University of Adelaide as a 'non-graduating student' and became a part-time demonstrator in chemistry under H.H. Finlayson. During the period 1922-28 Marston was a demonstrator in the Biochemistry Department, which at that time was headed by Professor T. Brailsford Robertson. In 1923, again as a non- graduating student, Marston obtained a first-class pass in the final Honours class in physiology and biochemistry. In fact, he never did graduate with a B.Sc. degree, and remained without a conventional qualification; his first degree was an Honorary D.Sc.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishing a Scientific and Intellectual Community in Canberra, 1946–1968
    1. Age of the Masters: Establishing a scientific and intellectual community in Canberra, 1946–1968 The Formation of The Australian National University Having proven their worth in wartime, scientists in the 1950s were as powerful as they ever had been, confident of their own capacity to change the world, and dismissive of those who stood in their way. — Stephen Foster and Margaret Varghese1 The architect must be entirely subordinated to the scientific requirements of those who are to inhabit [the building]…I will not be pushed around by an architect for architectural reasons. — Sir Howard Florey2 One evening in April 1946, Australian Prime Minister, Ben Chifley, in London for the first postwar Commonwealth Prime Ministers’ Conference, booked a large table for dinner at The Savoy Hotel in The Strand. Also dining with him that night was a thirty-six-year-old economist and planner, Herbert Cole (‘Nugget’) Coombs,3 whom he had appointed Director-General of the Commonwealth Department of Post-War Reconstruction, Dr Herbert Vere (‘Doc’) Evatt, the Minister for External Affairs, and other members of the official party. The Savoy, one of London’s most distinguished and elegant hotels, was upgrading its menu now that rationing was over, and under the French maître-chef, dishes from the Normandy region such as Tripes á la Mode de Caen and Canard á la Rouennaise were available. It is possible that former British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill was also there; a frequent patron, he was known to have dined there as often as five times a fortnight.4 But Chifley was not interested in the guests 1 Stephen G.
    [Show full text]
  • Mark Oliphant and the Invisible College of the Peaceful Atom
    The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Theses 2019 Mark Oliphant and the Invisible College of the Peaceful Atom Darren Holden The University of Notre Dame Australia Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. Publication Details Holden, D. (2019). Mark Oliphant and the Invisible College of the Peaceful Atom (Doctor of Philosophy (College of Arts and Science)). University of Notre Dame Australia. https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses/270 This dissertation/thesis is brought to you by ResearchOnline@ND. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of ResearchOnline@ND. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Frontispiece: British Group associated with the Manhattan Project (Mark Oliphant Group), Nuclear Physics Research Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Mount Pleasant, Liverpool. 1944. Photograph by Donald Cooksey. General Records of the Department of Energy (record group 434). National Archives (US) Arc Identifier 7665196. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7665196 Reproduced for non-commercial purposes. Copyright retained by The University of California. DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Mark Oliphant And the Invisible College of the Peaceful Atom A thesis submitted in the fulfilment of a Doctor of Philosophy Darren Holden The University of Notre Dame Australia Submitted February 2019, revised June 2019 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As this work has attempted to demonstrate: discovery is not possible in isolation.
    [Show full text]
  • Twentieth Century Heritage Survey Stage 1: Post Second World War (1946 -1959)
    2088.04 Heritage surve#8CF8.qxd 6/1/05 10:42 AM Page 1 Department for Environment and Heritage Twentieth Century Heritage Survey Stage 1: Post Second World War (1946 -1959) Overview History Susan Marsden (Marsden Russell Historians) [assisted by Carol Cosgrove and Robyn Taylor] Adelaide 2003-4 www.environment.sa.gov.au 2088.04 Heritage surve#8CF8.qxd 6/1/05 10:42 AM Page 2 Front Cover: South Australians in the 1950s. The children are (left to right): Anthonius (Tony), Maria, Anthonia (Toosjie) and Johanna (Joh) in the summer of 1954/55. The family migrated from Holland in 1953 and have moved from migrant camps at Bonegilla and Finsbury to an asbestos house rented from the South Australian Housing Trust. Their father Anthonius Dam has photographed the four children in their front yard at 23 East Avenue, Northfield, enjoying a cold Coca- Cola, still a rare American treat for any South Australian child. Published by the Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide, South Australia For futher information contact: Heritage Branch Ground Floor 1 Richmond Road Keswick SA 5035 Ph: (61 8) 8124 4960 © Department for Environment, and Heritage, 2004 Revised January 2005, FIS 2088.04 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................5 Aims ...........................................................................................................................................5 Methodology...........................................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • Trace Element Disorders in South Australian Agriculture
    Trace Element disorders in South Australian Agriculture The successful development of modern agricultural industries in most regions of South Australia could not have been achieved without the discovery and correction of trace element deficiencies in crops, pastures, horticultural tree and vegetable crops, plantation forests and livestock. Over the past eight decades, the low trace element status of many SA agricultural soils has been demonstrated repeatedly and often multiple deficiencies were identified. Their amelioration with trace element fertilisers (together with macronutrients, phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and/or sulphur (S)) led to: • the development of large tracts of infertile land for agricultural production; • spectacular increases in yields and the quality of harvested products; and • marked improvements in livestock productivity, carrying capacity and the quality of livestock products. The research which underpinned these remarkable gains in agricultural productivity often paralleled or preceded similar research undertaken elsewhere in Australia, notably in Western Australia. In some cases, the advances had international application, such as establishing the cause for and effective measures for preventing “coast disease” in sheep. It is also worth noting that the pioneering researchers had to confront considerable scientific challenges, since they lacked the modern analytical technologies that we take for granted today. As Professors CM Donald and JA Prescott stated in 1975 at the Waite Institute Jubilee International Symposium on Trace Elements: “No country has derived greater benefit from trace elements than Australia”. Pioneering discoveries (1928 – 1960): In 1928, Dr CS Piper (a chemist) and Geoffrey Samuel (a plant pathologist) from the Waite Institute reported the first trace element disorder identified in Australia - manganese (Mn) deficiency in oats grown adjacent to limestone roads (known locally as ‘roadside takeall’ or ‘grey speck disease’) at Penola and Mount Gambier.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Records Australian Science
    Publishing Historical Records of Australian Science Volume 14, 2002–03 © Australian Academy of Science 2002 All enquiries and manuscripts should be directed to: Professor R. W. Home Department of History and Philosophy of Science The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia Telephone: +61 3 8344 6556 Fax: +61 3 8344 7959 Email: [email protected] Published by CSIRO PUBLISHING for the Australian Academy of Science www.publish.csiro.au/journals/hras Historical Records of Australian Science, 2002, 14, 209–249 Book Review Section Compiled by Libby Robin with assistance from John Jenkin Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies (CRES), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia. Email: [email protected] Roger Cross: Fallout: Hedley Marston detachment and adds to our knowledge of and the British Bomb Tests in Australia. the politics and personalities involved in Wakefield Press: Kent Town, 2001. Australia’s atomic adventures. xii + 226 pp., illus., ISBN: 1 862 54523 5 Hedley Marston, Chief of CSIRO’s (PB), $24.95. Division of Biochemistry and General Nutrition, was approached by British authorities in 1955 to assist in studying the effects of radiation on animals. After initial firings in 1952–3, the British atomic testing program was about to recommence in the Monte Bello Islands, and at the newly-established mainland test site known as Maralinga. Marston decided to examine the take-up of radioactive fallout in grazing animals by measuring the concentration of radioactive iodine in their thyroid glands. His research indicated that fallout was being deposited over a much wider area than the physicists on the Atomic Weapons Test Safety Committee (AWTSC) had publicly admitted.
    [Show full text]