SOUTHERN ONTARIO ORCHID SOCIETY NEWS November 2010, Volume 45, Issue 10

Web site: www.soos.ca ; Member of the Canadian Orchid Congress; Affiliated with the American Orchid Society, the Orchid Digest and the International Phalaenopsis Alliance. Membership: Annual Dues $25 per calendar year (January 1 to December 31 ). Membership secretary: Hesse Pommells 416-245-0369, #503-370 Dixon Road, Weston, Ontario, M9R 1T2 Executive: President, Yvonne Schreiber, 905-473-3405; Vice-president and Treasurer, Elizabeth McAlpine, 416-487-7832; Secretary, Sue Loftus 905-839-8281; Honorary Life Members: Terry Kennedy, Doug Kennedy, Inge Poot, Peter Poot, Joe O’Regan, Diane Ryley, Wayne Hingston. Cypripedium parviflorum photo pp Annual Show: February 12 – 13, 2011

Meeting Program Sunday, November 7, Sales at noon, program at 1 pm. Please come and hear what your SOOS conservation committee has to say on Native Orchids of Ontario. This small team consists of 8 society members at present: Susan Shaw, Rachel Gottesman, Janet Anderson, Tara Seucharan, Tom Shields, Henry Glowka, Tristan Iafolla, and Tom Atkinson. The group meets several times a year. Its focus is on the conservation and preservation of choice orchid habitat, and on introduction and restoration of a few species of native terrestrial orchids in the Greater Toronto Area. Very few of our citizens are aware that Canada has scores of orchids, growing in, and indigenous within, our borders. Society members can help in spreading the knowledge of this cherished heritage, but first it's necessary to learn something about these seemingly frail, yet quite robust, plants.

Early Membership Renewal Draw. To encourage early renewal for 2011 there will again be two draws for orchid plants. 2010 Members renewing membership for the 2011 year who renew by the end of the November meeting are eligible for the December and January draws. Anyone renewing by the end of the December meeting is eligible for the January draw. A member is able to win only once. So, renew now and get yourself a chance at an orchid plant.

2011 Membership in SOOS is now available. Still $25 for a full year of Orchid fun and fellowship. Renew now at the Membership desk and get yourself a chance at an orchid plant.

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SOOS President’s Remarks the Uxbridge Country Preserve (the town of Uxbridge is well known for its walking trails). Fellow orchid aficionados My dog Trish enjoyed the walk too, especially meeting other four footed friends. The speakers at our monthly meetings continue to encourage our addiction to the If have any questions, you can contact me at world of orchids, and all of us must admit that [email protected], or 905-473- orchids are addictive – who can stop at just one 3405. Or just speak to me at one of our or two or three... Those of us who were present meetings. at the October 3rd meeting had the pleasure of hearing Glen Decker of Piping Rock Orchids. I Yvonne Schreiber am sure that more than a few of us are now going to try growing a few miniature or compact Newcomers' Meetings Cattleyas [and Phragmipediums. Ed.]. At our November meeting we will have the Wayne Hingston (905-686-5697) will once opportunity to hear about the efforts of the again present his excellent series on the culture Conservation Committee. of the most popular types of hobby orchids. These sessions are for members who have just started in orchids and will be presented at the A round of applause goes out to Don Wyatt for Toronto Botanical Garden Board Room on the following Monday evenings at 7 pm: the society display he put together for the Central Ontario Orchid show on September 25- 26. The display won a first place ribbon for  Nov. 15, 2010 society displays. Don is also traveling to  Dec. 13, 2010 Montreal to enter a society display in the  Jan. 10, 2011 Eastern Canada Orchid Society show in Montreal on October 22-24. Hopefully Don will 2011 SOOS Show News: receive the support he needs in the form of plants to make this show a success as well. You At present (the Thanksgiving Weekend), work on can contact Don at [email protected] . the 2011 SOOS show is progressing. In a way it's like a juggernaut: very slow to start, but when it gets going, get on board quickly as the pace will soon pick up considerably. We have had Please keep in mind that our annual orchid several of you come forward to indicate a show will soon be upon us. Give serious willingness to help in specific areas; this is consideration as to how you can help to make it always music to my ears. And in signing up a resounding success. Sign up sheets for a wide early, you get a better selection as to possible variety of jobs should be available at the jobs that need to be filled. Let me remind you of November meeting. Put your name down on where I know we still need your help: one of them or maybe two – you will get into the show for free after your tour of duty.  SOOS display: someone to be responsible for our display at our show  publicity: I know for a fact that Linda Kafka will need assistance in delivering The Thanksgiving weekend was a gorgeous flyers and posters to various businesses one. I hope you got to spend some time outside and institutions enjoying the autumn colours and mild  signage: we made a determined bid to temperatures, as well as sharing the fall bounty make as many of the signs required at a with family and friends. My son and his fiancée show as general as could be last year. Well, fate always deals us a new hand. joined me on the weekend. We worked up an That means we need someone to appetite for the meal with an hour-long walk in handle signage. I will work with you to

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this end, but cannot do the job myself 9, SOOS meeting Toronto Botanical Garden, any longer sales 12 noon, program 1 pm.  just contact me (via [email protected] or [email protected] ) and I will assist 16, Montréal Centre, Ottawa Orchid Society you, or get you in touch with the right Monthly Meeting, Ottawa person. 30, SOOS meeting Toronto Botanical Garden, sales 12 noon, program 1 pm. Another delight is the as yet unresolved notion of whether the Garden Hall will be in a state of February repair as of show time, or not. The latter state is 12-13, SOOS Show and Toronto Centre, devoutly to be wished for, but it's out of our February judging, hands. The TBG director has listened, and has offered us 1 room which has been off limits to us 19, Montréal Centre – Jardin botanique de in years past. We must know, with certainty, by Montréal the 3rd week of October what our space 24-27, COC Annual General Meeting and Orchid allocation at the TBG will be. Why so? you ask? society of Alberta show, Edmonton, Alberta. If we have many square metres of space, we can invite more vendors. The less the surface area for sales, the fewer the vendors we can invite. And we must post the invitations by or just AOS Judging Results after the first of November. September 25, Central Ontario Orchid Society Show as always: =====> no show? then no Phragmipedium Coral Jewel ‘Eiso’ HCC-AOS, 79 SOOS <===== points, Helgi Fatovic Cymbidium Peter Pan ‘Greensleeves’ HCC-AOS, CCM- AOS, 81 points, Chee Chong Coming Events Pararenanthera Joan Sze ‘Margaret Jean’ HCC-AOS 77 points, James Kendall October, 2010

23, 24 Montreal Centre - ECOS Orchidfête 2010 - Days Inn now Hotel Expresso, Montreal 27-31, AOS meeting, Virginia Beach, VA. November, 2010 6, Toronto Centre AOS judging, at Toronto Botanical Garden, Semi Annual meeting and Judges training 10 am, Judging 1 pm., TBG 7, SOOS meeting Toronto Botanical Garden, sales 12 noon, program 1 pm. 20 Montreal Centre AOS judging, - Montreal Botanical - Salle polyvalente 2 + Lunch Box DECEMBER 2010 4 Toronto Centre, TBG 5, SOOS meeting Toronto Botanical Garden, sales 12 noon, program 1 pm. 18, Montreal Centre - Montreal Botanical Don Wyatt and the SOOS dispaly at COOS photo pp Garden.

2011 SOOS at the Central Ontario Orchid January Society Show. 8, Toronto Centre, TBG. Don Wyatt once again managed to assemble and put together a marvellous display of flowering orchid 3 plants for our society. Thank you Don and thank you breeders such as Harold Koopowitz to produce to everyone who lent their plants. The display placed teacup ladyslippers. first in Society displays and the following plants won ribbons in their classes: Most Coelogynes like lots of water when growing, with some like C. lawrenciana even Cymbidium Peter Pan ‘Greensleeves’ HCC-AOS, CCM- liking to sit in a saucer of water. AOS, Best Cymbidium, Chee Chong. Dendrobium biggibum v. Compactum, First, John Spears. Dendrobium Maiden Charlotte, First, Synea Tan. Hawkinsara Keepsake, First, Chee Chong. Brassolaeliacattleya Village Chief North, First, John Vermeer. Brassolaeliacattleya Hawaii Stars ‘Paradise’, First, John Vermeer. Phalaenopsis Chen Yen Diamond, First, Synea Tan. Phalaenopsis Precious, Third, Synea Tan. Psychopsis Menden Hall ‘Hildos’ FCC-AOS, First, Tom Atkinson. Encyclia cochliata, Second, Naneve Hawke. Brassolaeliacattleya Sanyuan Ruby ‘Crowned Dragon’ AM-AOS, Third, John Vermeer. The ribbon winners earn points in our annual Orchidist of the year competition. Congratulations to all. Show table for October 2, 2010: Leslie Ee with Plant of the month photo PP Glen Decker and Jay Norris ably discussed the PLANT OF THE MONTH plants brought in by the members. The plant of the month went to Leslie Ee for Kefersteinia tolimensis. Leslie says it is always in Mini Catts were well represented on the table bloom, and this is when most people cannot even thanks to John Vermeer. He recommends keep it alive. The plant is grown in moss, under lights growing them in clear plastic pots with on the windowsill, one and a half feet from the glass diatomite on the bottom and giving them 14 and kept wet and cool at all times. Moderate hours of light from 1000 watt bulbs. conditions in winter. He waters it two to three times Paph helenae the cutest little miniature per week and gives it fish emulsion once per week. . ladyslipper apparently cannot tolerate ever Leslie did not move the plant once he found what his drying out. It should be grown in sphagnum. kefersteinia likes, and this is the secret of his success. When the flowers first open they are beige but after a week they turn more or less yellow. The genus Phragmipedium by Glen Paph. Miss Faith Hanbury is one of the Decker of Piping Rock Orchids (transcribed successful intersectional crosses. The white, red by Inge Poot) speckled pairs of flowers last four weeks. Grow When Glen was 15 years old he started to grow it in coconut husk chips. orchids and has not stopped since then. His collection reached 5000 before he finally Paph. charlesworthii alba lacks the pink of the became commercial. He has done a lot of normal variety. It is a cute little plant used by traveling to orchid habitats and used the experience to decipher the growing information 4 hidden in the habitat, for later use in growing his long as the pouch. They have black eyebrow-like plants in the greenhouse. edges on the top edge of the staminode. There are six groupings (Sections) of related species in the genus Phragmipedium and all but Phragmipedium caricinum from Bolivia is similar the first group like to be kept very wet – even sit to the species P. pearcei but is separated from it in a tray of frequently changed water. by the absence of hairs on the flower. Both are dainty green species with brown veins and grass-like foliage. Section Phragmipedium: Phragmipedium x christiansenianum from This is the long-petaled group of species. The Columbia is a natural hybrid of longifolium and foliage is thicker, more terete than the species in pearcei. the other sections. Phragmipedium pearcei occurs in Colombia, Allow to dry out between watering. Don‟t let Ecuador and Peru. It grows along rivers and them sit in water and grow in small pots to streams and is partially or wholly submerged facilitate faster drying. during frequent flooding. It is generally a much The names in this section are very fluid. At paler green than caricinum and has a row of tiny present the section has been reduced to only hairs along the apical rim of the pouch. three species with most of the other species Phragmipedium klotzschianum from Venezuela, reduced to variety status of : Guyana and Brazil is another dainty species with Phragmipedium caudatum- is the typical form of grass-like foliage and cream flowers with red- the species. It occurs in Ecuador and Peru and brown veins on the sepals and petals. has chartreuse to light olive green flowers with Phragmipedium x richteri is a natural hybrid of light to dark brown reticulation. The petals are pearcei and boisserianum and is found in Peru. very long, pendant and lightly twisted and become dark brown towards their apices. They Phragmipedium ecudariense is a recently keep growing until they touch a surface. described small species that is probably a natural hybrid involving P. pearcei. Phragmipedium caudatum variety wallisii is a pale chartreuse species with a pink flushed Phragmipedium tetzlaffianum is the infamous beige pouch and brown petals. This lighter green and brown fairly small growing species colour comes through in its hybrids. It rots easily described as coming from Venezuela. Some if kept too wet. It is native to Colombia and Peru. taxonomists consider it a natural hybrid. It looks like a larger version of P. pearcei or caricinum. Phragmipedium caudatum variety warscewiczianum is found in Guatemala to Panama. It is the very dark form of the species Section Platypetalum: with chocolate brown petals formerly called P. warscewiczianum, P. humboldtii, P. popowii and The petals of plants in this section are broader P. wascewiczii. right to the apex and only slightly down turned. Phragmipedium exstaminodum from Mexico was Phragmipedium lindleyanum has light green formerly called P. warscewiczii subspecies flowers with red edges to the petals and a pale exstaminodum. It has no staminode shield. It red flush on the face of the interior of the pouch. can be light or dark. In the middle of the pouch face is a pure white chevron or v-shaped mark. The leaves have Phragmipedium lindenii is native in Venezuela, yellow edges. It is found in Guyana and Colombia and Ecuador. Its pouch is replaced by Venezuela. a third petal. It is mostly self-pollinating. It is light green with darker veins on the sepals and red- Phragmipedium lindleyanum variety kaieturum brown edging and flush on the three petals. from Guyana and Venezuela is usually less hairy and the leaf margins are almost green, not

distinctly yellow. Section Himantopetalum: Phragmipedium lindleyanum variety These species need very good water to survive. sargentianum comes from Brazil. It has the The water cannot contain more than 10 ppm of darkest red in its markings and it gives dark red solutes. The petals in these species hang down colours when used in hybridizing with the and are twisted. They are usually about twice as orange-red of P. besseae. 5

This species adds its crisped edges to its hybrids. Section Lorifolia: The varieties czerwiakowianum and reticulatum Phragmipedium longifolium comes from an may only be developmental stages of the typical extensive range from Costa Rica to Peru. It is species. quite variable with some plants being just enormous, while others are small. This variation Phragmipedium hirtzii is a seldom seen species in size and colour is reflected in the forms and since it is difficult to grow. It needs pure water to varieties described below. It usually has green survive. It is therefore better to grow its hybrids! flowers with brown veins on the sepals and It is an attractive species with a red-brown pouch petals a dark brown edge on the petals just with a yellow face and a green staminode and inside the narrow white edge found on both beige to brown sepals and petals. The petals are sepals and petals. The petals are slightly longer descending, twisted, with crisped margins and a than the pouch, tapered and held below the bit more than twice the length of the pouch. It horizontal, to varying degrees. The staminode comes from Columbia and Ecuador. has black “eyebrows”. Phragmipedium vittatum is another difficult to The plants are easy to grow, tend to be big grow species. It comes from Brazil and Bolivia. It plants and produce lots of flowers. The first and does not like to be too wet. Its flowers are green the last trait are responsible for its frequent use with brown veining and flushing. The petals are in hybridizing. pendant, have a twist or two, sport pretty crisped red edges and are about twice as long as the Phragmipedium longifolium forma album lacks pouch. red tones. Phragmipedium brasiliense may be a slightly Phragmipedium longifolium forma gracile is a different form of P. vittatum or a hybrid involving dainty-leaved form. P. vittatum. Phragmipedium longifolium variety roezlii is a local variety from Colombia, with a slightly different pouch. Section Micropetalum: Phragmipedium longifolium variety roezlii forma Phragmipedium schlimii from Colombia has minuta is a small version of the above rather small white flowers with short horizontally held robust variety. petals that are wider than the rounded dorsal sepal. The proximal third of the petals and the Phragmipedium longifolium variety chapadense front of the pouch have a heavy rose pink flush. is a local variety from Brazil. The staminode is large with a yellow overlay and Phragmipedium hartwegii and its variety baderi two deep pink to red spots near the apex. In are probably Ecuadorean varieties of P. other words, nothing like the P. schlimii „Wilcox‟. longifolium that differ from the type(typical) The latter is a hybrid. species in having larger floral bracts, an unfused Phragmipedium schlimii variety albiflorum lacks labellum face (in the typical species, the two the pink and is useful for hybridizing white infolded lobes of the proximal half of the pouch Phrags. that form the labellum face have their touching margins grown together) and a few other slight Phragmipedium fischeri comes from Colombia differences in the pouch. and Ecuador and may be just a pinker variety of P. schlimii. Its description was based on an Phragmipedium boisserianum is a frequently abnormal flower, so its status is not certain. found species from Ecuador and Peru. Even though it is a weed species in its native habitat Phragmipedium andreettiae from Columbia and where it is found in huge colonies along wet road Ecuador is probably another variety of P. cuts, it is surprisingly difficult to grow in schlimii. cultivation. The flowers tend to be mostly green Phragmipedium manzurii from Columbia when freshly opened and with maturity develop appears to be yet another pretty variety of P. crisped, brown margins and brown veins on the schlimii. It has the palest green flowers with a sepals and especially on the petals. The petals white pouch that is decorated with a red central are usually held almost horizontally and stripe. eventually twist. The synsepal is large enough to comfortably frame the pouch.

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Phragmipedium besseae the spectacular red However the inflorescences of P. dalessandroi species from Ecuador and Peru grew in cliffs branch readily resulting in a lovely display of up to 10 open flowers per inflorescence in mature plants. This trait has been very useful in hybrids. The sloping petals and the less full shape are not easy to breed out.

Section Schluckebieria: Phragmipedium kovachii the huge purple species was only recently described from Peru. It grows very slowly but in full sun on steep slopes. Since it grows at 6000 ft elevation it is at the cooler end of the sea level to 8000 ft range that Phragmipediums are found. However the cool refers more to the night temperature than to the day time temperature. The days tend to be in the 90 F(around 32C) range, while nights range from the upper 50‟s F to the lower 60‟s F (13C- 17C). When grown too warm, the flowers get Phragmipedium Don Wimber (Eric Young x besseae) ugly. photo pp Since the species grows so slowly, a change in with waterfalls but has been collected out conditions tends to kill it. From one collection of completely by unscrupulous collectors that after 3,000 only 50 survived. So from the total of the collection burned the sites to make sure there 50,000 collected so far, very few survived. were no surviving seedlings! The burning so degraded the environment that it will take 25 To make seedlings survive under artificial years to recover. Environmentalists can then try propagation it has to be remembered that the to reintroduce it with artificially propagated seedlings in nature grow under the mature plants. plants. So even though mature plants require Cattleya light, the seedlings do best under half This species needs very pure water. If the water Phalaenopsis light, that is, 400 foot candles. contains too many salts, the leaf tips will turn When the seedlings reach 8-10 inches (20- black. When fertilizing the plants, they need to 25cm) in size, light levels should be increased. be flushed with pure water 15 minutes later. Good quality water such as rain water are a There are two different growth habits forms of must. Grow the plants wet. In summer, water the species. On the cliffs themselves were plants once per day. In its native habitat it gets 40-60 with long rhizomes referred to as ”climbers” and inches of rain per year, but always has flowing at the base of the cliffs were “clumpers” with water at its roots due to drainage to its position short rhizomes. Presumably any climbers on a steep cliff. The species will do best in an landing on the base of the cliff eventually grew Ebb-and-flow bench where it gets watered once their way up it in not too many years, while the a week and the rest of the time sits in trickling clumpers stayed put. water. The species has been heavily line-bred for ease In situ the species is capable of producing up to of culture in a greenhouse, deep red colour and 4 flowers in succession per inflorescence, but in round form. There is also a yellow flava form cultivation this drops to one or two. However the being line-bred and it is useful for hybridizing. flowers can grow to be huge – up to 9 inches Phragmipedium dalessandroi from Ecuador is (23cm) – and can last 4-5 weeks. The flowers considered a variety of P. besseae by some are only flat when they first open and continue to taxonomists, but it breeds differently from the grow and become more and more wavy-petaled type. It looks like a poorly shaped, orange rather as they age. In hybridizing the dark pouch has than red, but very floriferous example of P. proven to be recessive. The plants can flower besseae. The petals of this species are held twice per year and some of the hybrids retained below the horizontal, not at the horizontal as in that trait. P. besseae and are more lance-shaped rather than more fusiform as in the best of P. besseae.

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THE SCARY STUFF: Pests and Diseases: Water quality and fertilizers! As for bugs, Phragmipediums seem to be only bothered by mealybugs and scale insects and Water quality is less important in hybrids. maybe aphids if other plants around them are But you need to remember that caudatum and heavily infested. wallisii crosses do need to dry out. The first thing you must control are ants because Phrags are heavy feeders because they need they carry these pests from plant to plant lots of light. because they farm these pests for the plant juices they suck up. Most should be kept at a pH 6.5. Rain water tends to be pH 6-6.2 and once you add fertilizer There is a new species of scale that now the pH could drop to 4. Therefore you need a parasitizes orchids and it is a problem on buffer to keep it over 6. Phrags. Source of Nutrients: At Piping Rock they use Dr Bonner‟s Magic Peppermint Hemp Oil Soap at the rate of 4 The plants get carbon, hydrogen and oxygen tablespoons(60ml) of that soap per quart(litre) of from the air. water. The fertilizer has to provide lots of nitrogen(N), Another remedy would be Ultra Fine Paraffinic phosphorus(P) and potassium(K). These are the Oil used at the rate of 1 tbsp(15ml) per US macro-nutrients and are listed on fertilizer gallon(4 l). With this you get 98% kill and it acts packaging. as a bactericide because it coats the spores and It has been found that the next three nutrients as a miticide and insecticide. are needed in amounts less than the macro- The third remedy is Saf-T-Side oil which is a nutrients but more than just a trace. They are petroleum oil. Use it at the rate of 1.5 tbsp calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg) and sulphur(S). (23ml) per US gallon(4l) of water. Keep it on The rest of the nutrients needed are only needed hand and use after shaking it before use as you in trace amounts and are a problem if inert see bugs. But do not use on Masdevallia potting media are used in combination with the Pinoccio, Dendrobium cuthbertsonii or other recommended rain water. Some of them are New Guinea dendrobiums. It kills them. Iron(Fe), boron, molybdenium, selenium, Never use any of the oils as a dip –it kills the manganese, etc plants. Only apply them at most once a week or A good source is the MSU fertilizer developed by you coat the plants so badly they die. Use a cool the Michigan State University specifically for cloudy day to spray, since oils intensify the sun‟s orchids. One version is for rain or RO water : heat and cook your plants. Most oils will kill your 12-3-15-7Ca-2Mg flowers, but it is better to lose one crop of flowers than have the bugs wreck the whole The other is for the local water supply of the plant. University and could be used in a pinch, but will only be perfect if your water supply is identical to Slugs and Snails can be a problem in plants the one of Michigan State University: 15-5-15- grown so wet. Control bush snails with regular 4Ca-2Mg repotting every 2-3 years where you wash pots and roots to not miss the tiny babies or eggs. At Piping Rock Orchids they use MSU fertilizer at a concentration that gives 75ppm of Nitrogen Slugs tend to be territorial and therefore they will in the winter and 150-200 ppm in the summer. find a small amount of poison as long as it is Our speaker recommended that in a home we placed in their territory. So place a couple of never use more than 100ppm of N because of pellets of Bug-Geta from Ortho into or close to the lower light. each pot and if a slug lives in it he will find it. At Piping Rock Orchids they use organic Salt damage starts at the roots, so watch for fertilizers such as Fish extract, Kelp extract (the dead root tips. Clear pots help your observation. natural gibberellins in this will give you larger Improper watering can cause salt build-up or plants and flowers) as extra foliar feedings maybe you used coconut chips to pot the Phrags during the summer. They also top dress heavy and did not leach it enough before using it feeders with the non-burning Milorganite(6-2-0). (Mario Ferrusi says : soak in rain water Do not use dog poo- it burns. overnight, drain, repeat 7 times).

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Remember to repot every 2-3 years to avoid salt build-up even if the watering is done properly. A Star is born. Bacterial and Fungal Rots: The most common bacterial rot is Erwinia rot. It Crystal Star Orchids offers smells rotten. There is no cure. Remove the broker service with over 15 top infected growth –just removing the infected leaf is not enough. Wash your hands after doing this. orchid nurseries from Taiwan If the rot has gotten into the rhizome then the and the U.S.A, including: plant will die. New listings added weekly Fungal rots have no odour. Ching Hua Orchids, In Charm, Krull Smith, and Sunset Valley. Virus:

Phrags are either not infected by viruses or they Our website is up and running. don‟t have any symptoms if they are infected. If you have any questions Potting: please feel free to email us at: The Phrags at Piping rock at present are potted [email protected] in the following mix: (this mix changes from time or call to time as available materials change or a Eric Lee at (905) 478-8398. problem arises) 6 parts medium bark

12 parts seedling bark 3 parts horticultural charcoal 4 parts sponge rock (large perlite) 1 part calcium chips

1/8 part pelletized limestone 1/8 part bonemeal When repotting the plant bury it up to the stained part of the growths. Since broken roots die, cut them off. To prevent rots after repotting water with a weak peroxide solution added to the rain water. They use 5 gallons 7% peroxide added to 5000 gallons of rainwater. (1ml 7% peroxide per litre of water) Our speaker felt that mixes such as Pro-mix and Aussie Gold do not allow enough air to get to the roots. It might work if you add Sponge rock or Perlite. The test: if the water goes slowly through the pot there is not enough air.

Please Note: The advertisement for Orchids Canada was previously published with the wrong website address. Our apologies to those who tried it and failed to connect. 9

October 2010 Show Table

Class First Second Third

Class 1 Brassolaeliocattleya Cattleya intermedia v. alba Sophrolaeliocattleya (Rhynchobrassoleya) Cattleya Alliance Terry Kowalczuk Josee Cousineau Hawaiian Leopard John Vermeer Sue Loftus

Class 2 Paphiopedilum Paphiopedilum Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. album Paphiopedilum helenae Miss Faith Hanbury Leslie Ee Henry Glowka Erika Lorincz

Class 3 Rumrillara Sugar Baby Doritis pulcherrima var. champorensis Phalaenopsis and Marion Curry Vanda Alliance Henry Glowka

Class 4 Brassia Eternal Wind ‘TOW’ Wilsonara Wicked ‘Perfecto’ Oncidium and related Israel Olmos Synea Tan

Class 5 Coelogyne pandurata Cymbidium Marion Curry

Class 7 Kefersteinia tolimensis Acronia nipterophylla All Others Leslie Joyce Medcalf

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