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Le Commerce Equitable : 40 Propositions Pour Soutenir Son Developpement

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Le Commerce Equitable : 40 Propositions Pour Soutenir Son Developpement RAPPORT AU PREMIER MINISTRE JEAN-PIERRE RAFFARIN LE COMMERCE EQUITABLE : 40 PROPOSITIONS POUR SOUTENIR SON DEVELOPPEMENT « LA TERRE MERE », fresque murale de la cafétéria UCIRI d Ixtepec (Mexique) Mission parlementaire auprès de Christian JACOB, Ministre des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises, du Commerce, de l’Artisanat, des Professions Libérales et de la Consommation confiée à Antoine HERTH Député du Bas-Rhin Mai 2005 111 RRRaaappppppooorrrtttsssuuurrrllleee CCCooommmmmmeeerrrccceeeEEEqqquuuiiitttaaabbbllleee---AAAnnntttoooiiinnneeeHHHEEERRRTTTHHH---MMMaaaiii222000000555 222 RRRaaappppppooorrrtttsssuuurrrllleee CCCooommmmmmeeerrrccceeeEEEqqquuuiiitttaaabbbllleee---AAAnnntttoooiiinnneeeHHHEEERRRTTTHHH---MMMaaaiii222000000555 SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 7 CHAPITRE 1 : CONTEXTE HISTORIQUE, ECONOMIQUE ET POLITIQUE ........................................................................................................ 8 A. LE COMMERCE EQUITABLE(CE) : UNE REPONSE AUX ENJEUX PLANETAIRES .. 8 1. Le commerce équitable aux rendez-vous de l’Histoire...................................................................... 8 a) De l’humanitaire au solidaire...................................................................................................... 8 b) De l’alternatif au contestataire .................................................................................................... 8 c) De l’insoutenable au durable....................................................................................................... 9 d) Epilogue ? ................................................................................................................................... 9 2. OMC : le temple des marchands ...................................................................................................... 11 3. A la recherche d’un nouveau modèle économique .......................................................................... 11 4. Europe : un projet de Constitution avant-gardiste............................................................................ 12 a) Première partie : les principes constitutionnels......................................................................... 12 b) Deuxième partie : La charte des droits fondamentaux.............................................................. 13 c) Troisième partie : les traités recodifiés .....................................................................................13 B. LE COMMERCE EQUITABLE : UNE REPONSE AUX ENJEUX LOCAUX ................. 14 1. Une réponse aux enjeux économiques ............................................................................................. 14 a) Le commerce équitable : une chance pour…le Nord................................................................ 14 b) Le commerce équitable : une révolution au Sud....................................................................... 15 c) Le Sud apprend à vendre au Sud............................................................................................... 15 2. Une réponse aux enjeux sociaux ...................................................................................................... 15 a) Réorganiser la vie sociale ......................................................................................................... 15 b) Lutter contre l’exclusion et la discrimination ........................................................................... 15 3. Une réponse aux enjeux environnementaux..................................................................................... 16 a) Une réappropriation des savoirs ancestraux.............................................................................. 16 b) Gardiens de la biodiversité........................................................................................................ 16 4. De la dignité à la citoyenneté ........................................................................................................... 16 a) La dignité qui ouvre au monde .................................................................................................16 b) L’expérience d’une citoyenneté active ..................................................................................... 17 5. « Protester c’est bien. Proposer c’est mieux ! » ............................................................................... 17 C. EQUITABLE, ETHIQUE, SOLIDAIRE, DURABLE… : KESACO ?........................... 17 1. La définition du commerce équitable............................................................................................... 17 a) Absence de définition officielle ................................................................................................ 17 b) La sémantique et le risque de confusion des concepts............................................................. 18 2. Les différentes filières : filières intégrée et labellisée...................................................................... 19 a) La filière intégrée...................................................................................................................... 20 b) La filière labellisée.................................................................................................................... 20 D. LES ACTEURS DU COMMERCE EQUITABLE...................................................... 22 1. Typologie synthétique...................................................................................................................... 22 a) Les associations militantes et humanitaires .............................................................................. 22 333 RRRaaappppppooorrrtttsssuuurrrllleee CCCooommmmmmeeerrrccceeeEEEqqquuuiiitttaaabbbllleee---AAAnnntttoooiiinnneeeHHHEEERRRTTTHHH---MMMaaaiii222000000555 b) Les producteurs......................................................................................................................... 23 c) Les importateurs........................................................................................................................ 24 d) Les industriels et artisans .......................................................................................................... 24 e) Les distributeurs........................................................................................................................ 25 ¾ Le réseau de boutiques à thèmes................................................................................. 25 ¾ Les Comités d’Entreprise............................................................................................ 25 ¾ La Vente par Correspondance. ................................................................................... 25 ¾ La Grande Distribution............................................................................................... 26 f) « Labellisateurs et certificateurs » ............................................................................................ 27 g) Consommateurs......................................................................................................................... 27 2. Structuration : les organisations de commerce équitable (OCE) ..................................................... 29 a) Au niveau international : FINE................................................................................................. 29 ¾ FLO (Fairtrade Labelling Organization).................................................................... 30 ¾ L’IFAT (International Federation of Alternative Trade) ............................................ 33 ¾ EFTA (European Fair Trade Association).................................................................. 34 ¾ NEWS (Network of European World Shops)............................................................... 34 b) Au niveau national .................................................................................................................... 34 ¾ La Plate Forme Française du Commerce Equitable................................................... 35 ¾ Le Réseau Minga......................................................................................................... 35 c) Au niveau local : Le Collectif d’économie solidaire d’Alsace ................................................. 35 E. LA PART DU COMMERCE EQUITABLE ............................................................ 37 1. Analyse globale................................................................................................................................ 37 a) Dans le commerce mondial....................................................................................................... 37 b) Aux Etats Unis et au Canada..................................................................................................... 38 c) En Europe.................................................................................................................................. 39 d) En France .................................................................................................................................. 40 2. Analyse de l’offre des produits ........................................................................................................ 41 a) Alimentaires.............................................................................................................................. 41 b) Artisanat traditionnel et utilitaire .............................................................................................
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