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Thesis, Dissertation
AN EXPLORATION OF SMALL TOWN SENSIBILTIES by Lucas William Winter A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture in Architecture MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April 2010 ©COPYRIGHT by Lucas William Winter 2010 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Lucas William Winter This thesis has been read by each member of the thesis committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citation, bibliographic style, and consistency and is ready for submission to the Division of Graduate Education. Steven Juroszek Approved for the Department of Architecture Faith Rifki Approved for the Division of Graduate Education Dr. Carl A. Fox iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. If I have indicated my intention to copyright this thesis by including a copyright notice page, copying is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this thesis in whole or in parts may be granted only by the copyright holder. Lucas William Winter April 2010 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. THESIS STATEMENT AND INRO…...........................................................................1 2. HISTORY…....................................................................................................................4 3. INTERVIEW - WARREN AND ELIZABETH RONNING….....................................14 4. INTERVIEW - BOB BARTHELMESS.…………………...…....................................20 5. INTERVIEW - RUTH BROWN…………………………...…....................................27 6. INTERVIEW - VIRGINIA COFFEE …………………………...................................31 7. CRITICAL REGIONALISM AS RESPONSE TO GLOBALIZATION…………......38 8. -
Policy Issue Information
POLICY ISSUE INFORMATION September 15, 2003 SECY-03-0161 FOR: The Commissioners FROM: William D. Travers Executive Director for Operations SUBJECT: 2003 ANNUAL UPDATE - STATUS OF DECOMMISSIONING PROGRAM PURPOSE: To provide the Commission with an annual comprehensive overview of decommissioning activities, including the decommissioning of Site Decommissioning Management Plan (SDMP) sites and other complex decommissioning sites, commercial reactors, research and test reactors, uranium mill tailings facilities, and fuel cycle facilities. This report provides a status update on the decommissioning activities presented in last year’s report (SECY-02-0169), as well as current key decommissioning program issues. SUMMARY: Consistent with Commission direction, this paper provides a combined overview of all decommissioning activities within the Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards (NMSS); Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research (RES); and the Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation (NRR). Using SECY-02-0169 as a baseline, progress made in each of the program areas, through at least August 1, 2003, is described in this paper. CONTACT: John T. Buckley, NMSS/DWM (301) 415-6607 The Commissioners -2- BACKGROUND: In a Staff Requirements Memorandum (SRM) dated June 23, 1999, the Commission directed the staff to provide a single coordinated annual report on all decommissioning activities, instead of annual reports from separate offices. In addition, an SRM dated August 26, 1999, requested that the staff provide: (1) the status of the remaining active SDMP sites, including plans and schedules for each site; and (2) a summary report on all sites currently in the SDMP. In response to these SRMs, the staff provided comprehensive overviews of decommissioning activities in annual reports, SECY-00-0094 and SECY-01-0156, dated April 20, 2000, and August 17, 2001, respectively. -
Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamae Site, Estonia Cheryl K. Rofer, E-ET Tonis Ka
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Title: Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamae Site, Estonia Author(s) Cheryl K. Rofer, E-ET Tonis Kaasik, OkoSil Ltd., Tallinn, Estonia Submitted to Conference Proceedings From a NATO Advanced Research Womhop, ,-e in Tallinn, Estonia, October 5 - 9, 1998 To be submitted to Kluwer Publishers, Belgium .- - _I CONTENTS Introduction and Recommendations Cheryl K. Rofer and Tirnis Kaasik ......................................................................... .V INTRODUCTORY MATERLAC: THE'SITUA'ITON AT SILLAM& Industrial Complex in Northeast Estonia: Technical, Economic and Environmental Aspects Mihkel Veiderma,.................................................................................................. .2 Uranium processing at SilWe and Decommissioning of the Tailings E. Lippmaa and E. Maremde .................................................................................. 5 Sillawe-A Common Baltic Concern Jan OlofSnihs...................................................................................................... .5 Master Plan for Remediation of the Sillami4e Tailings Pond and Technical Design Project T&is Kaasik ........................................................................................................ .21 Site Monitoring VladimirNosov ..................................................................................................... 27 Stability of the Dam at the SiUamiie Tailings Pond M. Mets and H. Torn,........................................................................................ -
INL Research Library Digital Repository
INL/EXT-17-40907 2016 Annual Reuse Report for the Idaho National Laboratory Site’s Advanced Test Reactor Complex Cold Waste Ponds February 2017 The INL is a U.S. Department of Energy National Laboratory Idaho National operated by Battelle Energy Alliance Laboratory INL/EXT-17-40907 2016 Annual Reuse Report for the Idaho National Laboratory Site’s Advanced Test Reactor Complex Cold Waste Ponds February 2017 Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 http://www.inl.gov Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology Under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 ABSTRACT This report describes conditions and information, as required by the state of Idaho, Department of Environmental Quality Reuse Permit I-161-02, for the Advanced Test Reactor Complex Cold Waste Ponds located at Idaho National Laboratory from November 1, 2015–October 31, 2016. The effective date of Reuse Permit I-161-02 is November 20, 2014 with an expiration date of November 19, 2019. This report contains the following information: • Facility and system description • Permit required effluent monitoring data and loading rates • Permit required groundwater monitoring data • Status of compliance activities • Issues • Discussion of the facility’s environmental impacts. During the 2016 permit year, 180.99 million gallons of wastewater were discharged to the Cold Waste Ponds. This is well below the maximum annual permit limit of 375 million gallons. As shown by the groundwater sampling data, sulfate and total dissolved solids concentrations are highest in well USGS-065, which is the closest downgradient well to the Cold Waste Ponds. -
Safety Evaluation of the Zhaoli Tailings Dam a Seepage, Deformation and Stability Analysis with Geostudio
UPTEC ES 16 031 Examensarbete 30 hp September 2016 Safety Evaluation of the Zhaoli Tailings Dam A seepage, deformation and stability analysis with GeoStudio Johan Bäckström Malin Ljungblad Abstract Safety Evaluation of the Zhaoli Tailings Dam Johan Bäckström and Malin Ljungblad Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten The mining industry produce large amount of mine waste, also called tailings, which must be kept in tailings dams. In this thesis the safety and stability of a tailings dam Besöksadress: have been studied, where some of the tailing material is being used as filling material. Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 The dam has been modelled and simulated using the software Geostudio. To evaluate Hus 4, Plan 0 the safety and stability of the dam seepage, stress and strain as well as slope stability have been simulated with SEEP/W, SIGMA/W and SLOPE/W, which are different Postadress: modules in the Geostudio software. Box 536 751 21 Uppsala The results show that the dam is stable for all tested scenarios. However, in this Telefon: thesis many simplifications and assumptions have been made so it is recommended to 018 – 471 30 03 do a more detailed study to confirm the safety of the dam. The dam should also be Telefax: simulated for earthquakes before a definite evaluation can be made. 018 – 471 30 00 This master thesis has been conducted in cooperation with Vattenfall AB, Energiforsk Hemsida: AB, Uppsala University and Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. The project has http://www.teknat.uu.se/student been carried out on the planned Zhaoli ditch tailing dam in the Shanxi Province, China. -
Pond Infiltration and Watertable Mounding
GEO-SLOPE International Ltd, Calgary, Alberta, Canada www.geo-slope.com Pond Infiltration and Watertable Mounding 1 Introduction The objective of this illustration is show how to model the filling of a pond with a liner. The zone below the liner remains unsaturated and the watertable deep in the profile mounds, due to percolation from the base of the pond. The modeling can help evaluate the effectiveness of lining the reservoir with a clay liner. Not only can the final, steady-state condition be established for both scenarios, but the rise in the watertable with time can be determined by conducting a transient analysis. Feature Highlights Transient boundary conditions Watertable viewing over time Unit flux boundary conditions Unsaturated flow 2 Geometry and boundary conditions The containment facility is located on top of a hill, with a stream at the bottom of the embankment, as shown below. Since the change in the regional system needs to be evaluated with time, a transient analysis will be conducted. 12 11 10 9 ) 8 m ( 7 n o i 6 t a v 5 e l E 4 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Distance (m) Figure 1 Problem configuration Before conducting a transient analysis, it is sometimes helpful to know the long-term, steady-state solution, so you know the conditions where the system is eventually going to stabilize. It can also be helpful as a point of reference to compare against your transient results, which can help you determine if the steady-state solution is reasonable or too far in the future to be considered obtainable. -
Introduction to Ponds, Lagoons, and Natural Systems Study Guide December 2013 Edition
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Wastewater Operator Certification Introduction to Ponds, Lagoons, and Natural Systems Study Guide December 2013 Edition Subclass D Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Science Services, Operator Certification Program PO Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707 http://dnr.wi.gov/ The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provides equal opportunity in its employment, programs, services, and functions under an Affirmative Action Plan. If you have any questions, please write to Equal Opportunity Office, Department of Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. This publication is available in alternative format (large print, Braille, audio tape. etc.) upon request. Please call (608) 266-0531 for more information. Printed on 12/06/13 Introduction to Ponds, Lagoons, and Natural Systems Study Guide - December 2013 Edition Preface This operator's study guide represents the results of an ambitious program. Operators of wastewater facilities, regulators, educators and local officials, jointly prepared the objectives and exam questions for this subclass. How to use this study guide with references In preparation for the exams you should: 1. Read all of the key knowledges for each objective. 2. Use the resources listed at the end of the study guide for additional information. 3. Review all key knowledges until you fully understand them and know them by memory. It is advisable that the operator take classroom or online training in this process before attempting the certification exam. Choosing a Test Date: Before you choose a test date, consider the training opportunities available in your area. A listing of training opportunities and exam dates is available on the internet at http://dnr.wi.gov, keyword search "operator certification". -
Evaporation Pond Seepage Soil Solution
from the soil surface. The subcores were fitted and sealed with plexiglass ends and set up to measure Permeability. Drainage water having an electrical conductivity (EC) of 10 dS/m (6100 ppm total dissolved salts) was applied to the cores for three days to ensure saturation and uniform electrolyte concentration. Biological activity was minimized in some of the cores by the addition of chlo- roform to the percolating drain water. Percolating drainage water having pro- gressively larger EC values was applied over periods of one to five days in an effort to exaggerate variations in evaporation pond salinity resulting from evaporation lnfiltrometers (left)were installed in Kings County and fresh drain water additions. The sa- evaporation pond to estimate seepage. Rainfall, evaporation, drainage flows, and changes in pond linity of inflow and outflow water was water levels (herebeing checked by co-author Blake measured periodically along with the per- McCullough-Sanden)were also measured. meability of each subcore. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is an index of the relative concentration of sodium, calcium, and magnesium in the Evaporation pond seepage soil solution. When soil salinity is low, permeability has been shown to increase Mark E. Grismer o Blake L. McCullough-Sanden as the SAR value of the inflow solution in- creases. Past studies, however, have typi- cally considered SAR values of 30 or less. Rates of seepage from operating evaporation In this study, SAR values of the inflow so- ponds decline substantially as they age and as lution increased in the same stepwise fashion as EC, with values ranging from salinity increases 210 to 660. -
Imaging Hydrologic Processes in Headwater Riparian Seeps with Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity
Case Study/ Imaging Hydrological Processes in Headwater Riparian Seeps with Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity by Mark R. Williams1, Anthony R. Buda2, Kamini Singha3, Gordon J. Folmar2, Herschel A. Elliott4,and John P. Schmidt5 Abstract Delineating hydrologic and pedogenic factors influencing groundwater flow in riparian zones is central in understanding pathways of water and nutrient transport. In this study, we combined two-dimensional time-lapse electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) (depth of investigation approximately 2 m) with hydrometric monitoring to examine hydrological processes in the riparian area of FD-36, a small (0.4 km2) agricultural headwater basin in the Valley and Ridge region of east-central Pennsylvania. We selected two contrasting study sites, including a seep with groundwater discharge and an adjacent area lacking such seepage. Both sites were underlain by a fragipan at 0.6 m. We then monitored changes in electrical resistivity, shallow groundwater, and nitrate-N concentrations as a series of storms transitioned the landscape from dry to wet conditions. Time-lapse ERI revealed different resistivity patterns between seep and non-seep areas during the study period. Notably, the seep displayed strong resistivity reductions (∼60%) along a vertically aligned region of the soil profile, which coincided with strong upward hydraulic gradients recorded in a grid of nested piezometers (0.2- and 0.6-m depth). These patterns suggested a hydraulic connection between the seep and the nitrate-rich shallow groundwater system below the fragipan, which enabled groundwater and associated nitrate-N to discharge through the fragipan to the surface. In contrast, time-lapse ERI indicated no such connections in the non-seep area, with infiltrated rainwater presumably perched above the fragipan. -
Salinity in Livestock Ponds Summary Report Brian Hauschild, 2020 Big Sky Watershed Corps Musselshell Watershed Coalition
Salinity in Livestock Ponds Summary Report Brian Hauschild, 2020 Big Sky Watershed Corps Musselshell Watershed Coalition Introduction Much of Central Montana is underlain by salt-laden, Cretaceous marine shales. Saline conditions in Petroleum County are concentrated in the Colorado Group bedrock formation, as shown in Figure 4. The formation is characterized by shallow soils with highly soluble salt loads in the groundwater. In 2011, catastrophic floods flushed salts out of the groundwater and into the surface water. This geological condition can be compounded by certain land-use practices. Cropping systems, especially the prominent crop-fallow patterns, can also create a local perched water table to enhance surface evaporation, leaving salt to concentrate on the soil surface. The saline groundwater and saline surface run-off contribute soluble salts to the local watersheds and ponded water. When land-use management creates local saline conditions, the condition is known as saline seep. Dryland saline seeps, which can impair soil and water quality, were recognized as an issue in the latter half of the 20th century. Impacted areas are dependent upon local stratigraphy and geomorphology, but fallow periods in cultivated fields during wet years can be a major factor for their presence. After 2011, saline seeps became noticeably more prevalent and many livestock ponds have become unusable. This has been a major burden for producers who rely on potable water for their cattle. Seeps and ponds can sometimes be reclaimed through techniques like planting perennial forage in groundwater recharge areas to reduce salt leaching. However, climatic factors may enable the underlying problem to persist well into the 21st century, so collecting and understanding data is critical. -
The Springs and Seeps of Tennessee
The Springs and Seeps of Tennessee What are Springs and Seeps? between the point where the water 3 percent of the Earth's fresh water Below the Earth's surface, enters the ground and the point is found in streams, lakes, and sometimes just inches, sometime where it comes to the surface. These reservoirs. The remaining miles, deep, lies 97 percent of our reentry points are usually through 97 percent is underground. Ground freshwater. This water may have porous layers of sand or gravel water is the safest and most reliable come from the last rain- or snowfall, sandwiched between harder, less source of available freshwater. It is or it could have been hidden deep in permeable, layers of soil or rock or the primary water source for the earth for a million years. through cracks and fissures in the 50 percent of the American Occasionally, rock formations underlying rock. Seep and spring population. In rural areas, intersect this vast underground water may remain underground for 95 percent of the people depend on network of reservoirs, permitting many years, or even centuries, before ground water for their water supply. these hidden pools of water to once it resurfaces. During this time again see the light of day. The spots underground it reaches a Rare and Unique Plants and Animals where water flows back to the temperature much cooler than typical Springs vary by their rate of flow, surface are typically known as seeps surface waters in the summer and whether the water is acidic or basic, or springs. much warmer in the winter. -
The Unique Hydrology of the Souris River Basin: a Prairie Pothole Region
The Unique Hydrology of the Souris River Basin: A Prairie Pothole Region Hydrology is the scientific study of how water moves and is distributed across land. The effects of rainfall and snowmelt on river flows and reservoir levels are part of the unique hydrology that characterizes the Souris River basin. The Souris River basin is part of the Prairie Pothole Region, which stretches across Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba in Canada, and extends into North and South Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, and Montana in the United States. What makes this region unique is the presence of shallow wetlands, or potholes, that were left behind during the last glacial period in North America. This pothole topography can be found across the majority of the Souris River basin. Kettles and Kames Fill-and-Spill Hydrology Shallow potholes, called kettles, are sometimes surrounded Under normal conditions, much of the watershed does not by irregularly-shaped earth mounds called kames. Kettles contribute to the Souris River directly because the kettle often contain sediment or vegetation, and can be dry lakes can store water and keep it from reaching the river. during summer months. During the spring snowmelt, they However, with large amounts of precipitation from snow can fill with water and form small kettle lakes. Kettle lakes or rain, the small kettle lakes can fill and expand outwards are often isolated from streams and rivers, and the water in until they begin to spill into one another, and eventually into these kettle lakes usually reduces over time through the Souris River. This is what happened in June 2011 when natural processes.