Evaporation Pond Seepage Soil Solution
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Guide for Management of Waste Stabilisation Pond Systems in South Africa
Guide for management of waste stabilisation pond systems in South Africa Philip de Souza & Unathi Jack TT 471/10 GUIDE FOR MANAGEMENT OF WASTE STABILISATION POND SYSTEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA Report to the Water Research Commission by Philip de Souza and Unathi Jack on behalf of Emanti Management (Pty) Ltd WRC REPORT NO. TT 471/10 NOVEMBER 2010 Obtainable from Water Research Commission Private Bag X03 Gezina, 0031 The publication of this report emanates from a project entitled Status Quo Assessment of Wastewater Ponding Systems (WRC Project No. K5/1657). DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ISBN: 978-1-4312-0034-4 Set No. 978-1-4312-0037-5 Printed in the Republic of South Africa ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It is understood that the health of a community is significantly influenced by its water quality. The appropriate management of water systems, both the natural resource and municipal water services, is a critical requirement in municipal services provision. PURPOSE OF THE GUIDE This guide has been developed with the purpose of providing assistance in terms of: Planning for construction of an appropriate wastewater treatment system and determining what is appropriate Management to understand what to expect from the contractors and/or consultants in designing a waste stabilisation ponds system Good operations and maintenance of waste stabilisation ponds system Possible re-use of treated wastewater from waste stabilisation ponds system Upgrading waste stabilisation ponds system. -
What Are Evaporation Ponds?
The Complete Guide to Evaporation Ponds Thank you for downloading the The Complete Guide to Evaporation Ponds ebook. We hope that this book helps you with your evaporation pond projects! We strive to provide our customers with not only great service and quality products, but great information to help them with whatever project they're taking on. For more free ebooks, articles, downloads and more visit our website at www.btlliners.com www.btlliners.com 2 The Complete Guide to Evaporation Ponds Contents What are Evaporation Ponds? .................................................................................................................. 5 Industries that Benefit from Evaporation Ponds ........................................................................................... 5 What’s the Purpose of Evaporation? .............................................................................................................. 6 Placement, Environmental necessities for Evaporation ponds- ................................................................... 6 Choosing a Liner for an Evaporation Pond ............................................................................................... 7 Evaporation Ponds for Landfill Leachates ............................................................................................... 9 No Other Uses .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Alone or as Part of a System ....................................................................................................................... -
Thesis, Dissertation
AN EXPLORATION OF SMALL TOWN SENSIBILTIES by Lucas William Winter A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture in Architecture MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April 2010 ©COPYRIGHT by Lucas William Winter 2010 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Lucas William Winter This thesis has been read by each member of the thesis committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citation, bibliographic style, and consistency and is ready for submission to the Division of Graduate Education. Steven Juroszek Approved for the Department of Architecture Faith Rifki Approved for the Division of Graduate Education Dr. Carl A. Fox iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. If I have indicated my intention to copyright this thesis by including a copyright notice page, copying is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this thesis in whole or in parts may be granted only by the copyright holder. Lucas William Winter April 2010 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. THESIS STATEMENT AND INRO…...........................................................................1 2. HISTORY…....................................................................................................................4 3. INTERVIEW - WARREN AND ELIZABETH RONNING….....................................14 4. INTERVIEW - BOB BARTHELMESS.…………………...…....................................20 5. INTERVIEW - RUTH BROWN…………………………...…....................................27 6. INTERVIEW - VIRGINIA COFFEE …………………………...................................31 7. CRITICAL REGIONALISM AS RESPONSE TO GLOBALIZATION…………......38 8. -
Ponds for Stabilising Organic Matter
WQPN 39, FEBRUARY 2009 Ponds for stabilising organic matter Purpose Waste stabilisation ponds are widely used in rural areas of Western Australia. They rely on natural micro-organisms and algae to assist in the breakdown and settlement of degradable organic matter, generally before discharge of treated effluent to land. The ponds mimic processes that occur in nature for degrading complex animal and plant wastes into simple chemicals that are suitable for reuse in the environment. The operating processes in waste stabilisation ponds are shown at Appendix A. The use of ponds fosters the destruction of disease-causing organisms and lessens the risk of fouling of natural waters. They also limit organic waste breakdown in waterways which strips oxygen out of the water, often resulting in fish and other aquatic fauna deaths. These ponds need to be adequately designed to: • maximise the stabilisation of wastewater and settling of solids • avoid the generation of foul odours • maximise the destruction of pathogenic micro-organisms • prevent the discharge of partly treated wastes into the environment. This note provides advice on the design, construction and operation of waste stabilisation pond systems for use in Western Australia. It is intended to assist decision-makers in setting criteria for effective retention of liquids in the ponds and design measures to ensure their effective environmental performance. The Department of Water is responsible for managing and protecting the state’s water resources. It is also a lead agency for water conservation and reuse. This note offers: • our current views on waste stabilisation pond systems • guidance on acceptable practices used to protect the quality of Western Australian water resources • a basis for the development of a multi-agency code or guideline designed to balance the views of industry, government and the community, while sustaining a healthy environment. -
Helpful Study Guide (PDF)
WASTEWATER STABILIZATION POND (WWSP) STUDY GUIDE ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION DIVISION OF WATER OPERATOR TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAM http://dec.alaska.gov/water/opcert/index.htm Phone: (907) 465-1139 Email: [email protected] January 2011 Edition Introduction This study guide is made available to examinees to prepare for the Wastewater Stabilization Pond (WWSP) certification exam. This study guide covers only topics concerning non-aerated WWSPs. The WWSP certification exam is comprised of 50 multiple choice questions in various topics. These topics will be addressed in this study guide. The procedure to apply for the WWSP certification exam is available on our website at: http://www.dec.state.ak.us/water/opcert/LargeSystem_Operator.htm. It is highly recommended that an examinee complete one of the following courses to prepare for the WWSP certification exam. 1. Montana Water Center Operator Basics 2005 Training Series, Wastewater Lagoon module; 2. ATTAC Lagoons online course; or 3. CSUS Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants, Volume I, Wastewater Stabilization Pond chapter. If you have any questions, please contact the Operator Training and Certification Program staff at (907) 465-1139 or [email protected]. Definitions 1. Aerobic: A condition in which “free” or dissolved oxygen is present in an aquatic environment. 2. Algae: Simple microscopic plants that contain chlorophyll and require sunlight; they live suspended or floating in water, or attached to a surface such as a rock. 3. Anaerobic: A condition in which “free” or dissolved oxygen is not present in an aquatic environment. 4. Bacteria: Microscopic organisms consisting of a single living cell. -
Safety Evaluation of the Zhaoli Tailings Dam a Seepage, Deformation and Stability Analysis with Geostudio
UPTEC ES 16 031 Examensarbete 30 hp September 2016 Safety Evaluation of the Zhaoli Tailings Dam A seepage, deformation and stability analysis with GeoStudio Johan Bäckström Malin Ljungblad Abstract Safety Evaluation of the Zhaoli Tailings Dam Johan Bäckström and Malin Ljungblad Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten The mining industry produce large amount of mine waste, also called tailings, which must be kept in tailings dams. In this thesis the safety and stability of a tailings dam Besöksadress: have been studied, where some of the tailing material is being used as filling material. Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 The dam has been modelled and simulated using the software Geostudio. To evaluate Hus 4, Plan 0 the safety and stability of the dam seepage, stress and strain as well as slope stability have been simulated with SEEP/W, SIGMA/W and SLOPE/W, which are different Postadress: modules in the Geostudio software. Box 536 751 21 Uppsala The results show that the dam is stable for all tested scenarios. However, in this Telefon: thesis many simplifications and assumptions have been made so it is recommended to 018 – 471 30 03 do a more detailed study to confirm the safety of the dam. The dam should also be Telefax: simulated for earthquakes before a definite evaluation can be made. 018 – 471 30 00 This master thesis has been conducted in cooperation with Vattenfall AB, Energiforsk Hemsida: AB, Uppsala University and Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. The project has http://www.teknat.uu.se/student been carried out on the planned Zhaoli ditch tailing dam in the Shanxi Province, China. -
Pond Infiltration and Watertable Mounding
GEO-SLOPE International Ltd, Calgary, Alberta, Canada www.geo-slope.com Pond Infiltration and Watertable Mounding 1 Introduction The objective of this illustration is show how to model the filling of a pond with a liner. The zone below the liner remains unsaturated and the watertable deep in the profile mounds, due to percolation from the base of the pond. The modeling can help evaluate the effectiveness of lining the reservoir with a clay liner. Not only can the final, steady-state condition be established for both scenarios, but the rise in the watertable with time can be determined by conducting a transient analysis. Feature Highlights Transient boundary conditions Watertable viewing over time Unit flux boundary conditions Unsaturated flow 2 Geometry and boundary conditions The containment facility is located on top of a hill, with a stream at the bottom of the embankment, as shown below. Since the change in the regional system needs to be evaluated with time, a transient analysis will be conducted. 12 11 10 9 ) 8 m ( 7 n o i 6 t a v 5 e l E 4 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Distance (m) Figure 1 Problem configuration Before conducting a transient analysis, it is sometimes helpful to know the long-term, steady-state solution, so you know the conditions where the system is eventually going to stabilize. It can also be helpful as a point of reference to compare against your transient results, which can help you determine if the steady-state solution is reasonable or too far in the future to be considered obtainable. -
Surface Water Management Plan Water Resources | City of St
Surface Water Management Plan Water Resources | City of St. Louis Park Proposals are due 4:00 p.m. April 24, 2017 Executive Summary City of St. Louis Park Surface Water Management Plan Executive Summary Located in Hennepin County just west of Minneapolis, the 10.7-square-mile City of St. Louis Park is a fully developed suburban community. The population of St. Louis Park is approximately 48,000 residents, making it the 20th largest city in Minnesota. St. Louis Park contains a variety of physical and water resources including several wetlands and small lakes, wooded areas, parks, and recreational lands, as well as the Minnehaha Creek corridor. Two watershed management organizations (WMOs) cover St. Louis Park, each with its own governing body: the Bassett Creek Watershed Management Commission (BCWMC) and the Minnehaha Creek Watershed District (MCWD). This local Surface Water Management Plan (SWMP) was prepared in accordance with Minnesota Statute 103B.235 and Minnesota Rules 8410 and is intended to replace the 2009 plan. The purpose of this SWMP includes objectives outlined in Minnesota Statute 103B.201 for metropolitan water management programs. According to the statute, the purposes of these water management programs are to: • protect, preserve, and properly use natural surface and groundwater storage and retention systems; • minimize public capital expenditures needed to correct flooding and water quality problems; • identify and plan for means to effectively protect and improve surface and groundwater quality; • establish more uniform local policies and official controls for surface and groundwater management; • prevent the erosion of soil into surface water systems; • promote effective groundwater recharge; • protect and enhance fish and wildlife habitats and water recreational facilities; and • secure the other benefits associated with the proper management of surface and groundwater. -
Introduction to Ponds, Lagoons, and Natural Systems Study Guide December 2013 Edition
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Wastewater Operator Certification Introduction to Ponds, Lagoons, and Natural Systems Study Guide December 2013 Edition Subclass D Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Science Services, Operator Certification Program PO Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707 http://dnr.wi.gov/ The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provides equal opportunity in its employment, programs, services, and functions under an Affirmative Action Plan. If you have any questions, please write to Equal Opportunity Office, Department of Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. This publication is available in alternative format (large print, Braille, audio tape. etc.) upon request. Please call (608) 266-0531 for more information. Printed on 12/06/13 Introduction to Ponds, Lagoons, and Natural Systems Study Guide - December 2013 Edition Preface This operator's study guide represents the results of an ambitious program. Operators of wastewater facilities, regulators, educators and local officials, jointly prepared the objectives and exam questions for this subclass. How to use this study guide with references In preparation for the exams you should: 1. Read all of the key knowledges for each objective. 2. Use the resources listed at the end of the study guide for additional information. 3. Review all key knowledges until you fully understand them and know them by memory. It is advisable that the operator take classroom or online training in this process before attempting the certification exam. Choosing a Test Date: Before you choose a test date, consider the training opportunities available in your area. A listing of training opportunities and exam dates is available on the internet at http://dnr.wi.gov, keyword search "operator certification". -
Treatment of Concentrate
Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Program Report No. 155 Treatment of Concentrate U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation May 2009 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. T T T T T 1.T REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) March 9, 2008 Final 2002–2008 4.T TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Treatment of Concentrate Agreement 04-FC-81-1050 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Mike Mickley, P.E., Ph.D. 5e. TASK NUMBER Task F 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT Mickley & Associates NUMBER 752 Gapter Road Boulder CO 80303 9. -
Imaging Hydrologic Processes in Headwater Riparian Seeps with Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity
Case Study/ Imaging Hydrological Processes in Headwater Riparian Seeps with Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity by Mark R. Williams1, Anthony R. Buda2, Kamini Singha3, Gordon J. Folmar2, Herschel A. Elliott4,and John P. Schmidt5 Abstract Delineating hydrologic and pedogenic factors influencing groundwater flow in riparian zones is central in understanding pathways of water and nutrient transport. In this study, we combined two-dimensional time-lapse electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) (depth of investigation approximately 2 m) with hydrometric monitoring to examine hydrological processes in the riparian area of FD-36, a small (0.4 km2) agricultural headwater basin in the Valley and Ridge region of east-central Pennsylvania. We selected two contrasting study sites, including a seep with groundwater discharge and an adjacent area lacking such seepage. Both sites were underlain by a fragipan at 0.6 m. We then monitored changes in electrical resistivity, shallow groundwater, and nitrate-N concentrations as a series of storms transitioned the landscape from dry to wet conditions. Time-lapse ERI revealed different resistivity patterns between seep and non-seep areas during the study period. Notably, the seep displayed strong resistivity reductions (∼60%) along a vertically aligned region of the soil profile, which coincided with strong upward hydraulic gradients recorded in a grid of nested piezometers (0.2- and 0.6-m depth). These patterns suggested a hydraulic connection between the seep and the nitrate-rich shallow groundwater system below the fragipan, which enabled groundwater and associated nitrate-N to discharge through the fragipan to the surface. In contrast, time-lapse ERI indicated no such connections in the non-seep area, with infiltrated rainwater presumably perched above the fragipan. -
Reclamation of Tailings Ponds
Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation, 2012 Volume 1, Issue 1, COMPARISON OF HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS FROM TWO DIFFERENTLY RECLAIMED TAILINGS PONDS; GRAVES MOUNTAIN, LINCOLNTON, GA1 Gwendelyn Geidel2 Abstract: This study compares and evaluates the hydrologic characteristics between two kyanite ore process tailings ponds that were reclaimed with different reclamation strategies; one reclaimed with an impermeable membrane and the other with an open, surface reconfiguration (OSR) methodology. During the extraction and processing of kyanite ore from the Graves Mountain mine, Lincoln County, Georgia, fine grained tailings were produced. The tailings were transported by slurry pipeline to various tailings ponds which were created by the construction of dams using on-site materials. The first study site, referred to as the Pyrite Pond (PP), was constructed and filled during the 1960’s and early 1970’s. In early 1992, the PP was capped with an impermeable membrane, covered with a thin soil veneer and vegetated and in 1998 the upslope reclamation was completed. The second tailings pond, referred to as the East Tailings Pond (ETP), was constructed and filled in the 1970’s and early 1980’s and was reclaimed in 1995-96 by surface reconfiguration and the addition of soil amendments. Piezometers and wells were installed into the two tailings ponds and also in close proximity to the tailings ponds. While the initial study was aimed at comparing the two reclamation strategies, it became apparent that the ground water was a dominant factor. Results of the evaluation of the potentiometric surface data for varying depths within each tailings pond indicate that while both tailings ponds exhibit delayed response to precipitation events suggesting infiltration effects, the delay in the ETP deep wells and PP wells could not be adequately described by a surface infiltration model.