FTSE AIM Index Series Rules
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Trading Frictions and Market Structure: an Empirical Analysis
Trading Frictions and Market Structure: An Empirical Analysis Charlie X. Cai, David Hillier, Robert Hudson, and Kevin Keasey1 February 3, 2005 JEL Classi…cation: G12; G14; D23; L22. Keywords: SETS; SEAQ; Trading Friction; Market Structure. 1 The Authors are from the University of Leeds. Address for correspondence: Charlie X. Cai, Leeds University Business School, Maurice Keyworth Building, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK., e-mail: [email protected]. All errors are our own. Trading Frictions and Market Structure: An Empirical Analysis Abstract Market structure a¤ects the informational and real frictions faced by traders in equity markets. We present evidence which suggests that while real fric- tions associated with the costs of supplying immediacy are less in order driven systems, informational frictions resulting from increased adverse selection risk are considerably higher in these markets. Firm value, transaction size and order location are all major determinants of the trading costs faced by investors. Consistent with the stealth trading hypothesis of Barclay and Warner (1993), we report that informational frictions are at their highest for small trades which go through the order book. Finally, while there is no doubt that the total costs of trading on order-driven systems are lower for very liquid securities, the inherent informational ine¢ ciencies of the format should be not be ignored. This is particularly true for the vast majority of small to mid-size stocks that experience infrequent trading and low transac- tion volume. JEL Classi…cation: G12; G14; D23; L22. Keywords: SETS; SEAQ; Trading Friction; Market Structure. 1 Introduction Trading frictions in …nancial markets are an important determinant of the liquidity of securities and the intertemporal e¢ ciency of prices. -
The Future of Computer Trading in Financial Markets an International Perspective
The Future of Computer Trading in Financial Markets An International Perspective FINAL PROJECT REPORT This Report should be cited as: Foresight: The Future of Computer Trading in Financial Markets (2012) Final Project Report The Government Office for Science, London The Future of Computer Trading in Financial Markets An International Perspective This Report is intended for: Policy makers, legislators, regulators and a wide range of professionals and researchers whose interest relate to computer trading within financial markets. This Report focuses on computer trading from an international perspective, and is not limited to one particular market. Foreword Well functioning financial markets are vital for everyone. They support businesses and growth across the world. They provide important services for investors, from large pension funds to the smallest investors. And they can even affect the long-term security of entire countries. Financial markets are evolving ever faster through interacting forces such as globalisation, changes in geopolitics, competition, evolving regulation and demographic shifts. However, the development of new technology is arguably driving the fastest changes. Technological developments are undoubtedly fuelling many new products and services, and are contributing to the dynamism of financial markets. In particular, high frequency computer-based trading (HFT) has grown in recent years to represent about 30% of equity trading in the UK and possible over 60% in the USA. HFT has many proponents. Its roll-out is contributing to fundamental shifts in market structures being seen across the world and, in turn, these are significantly affecting the fortunes of many market participants. But the relentless rise of HFT and algorithmic trading (AT) has also attracted considerable controversy and opposition. -
Providing the Regulatory Framework for Fair, Efficient and Dynamic European Securities Markets
ABOUT CEPS Founded in 1983, the Centre for European Policy Studies is an independent policy research institute dedicated to producing sound policy research leading to constructive solutions to the challenges fac- Competition, ing Europe today. Funding is obtained from membership fees, contributions from official institutions (European Commission, other international and multilateral institutions, and national bodies), foun- dation grants, project research, conferences fees and publication sales. GOALS •To achieve high standards of academic excellence and maintain unqualified independence. Fragmentation •To provide a forum for discussion among all stakeholders in the European policy process. •To build collaborative networks of researchers, policy-makers and business across the whole of Europe. •To disseminate our findings and views through a regular flow of publications and public events. ASSETS AND ACHIEVEMENTS • Complete independence to set its own priorities and freedom from any outside influence. and Transparency • Authoritative research by an international staff with a demonstrated capability to analyse policy ques- tions and anticipate trends well before they become topics of general public discussion. • Formation of seven different research networks, comprising some 140 research institutes from throughout Europe and beyond, to complement and consolidate our research expertise and to great- Providing the Regulatory Framework ly extend our reach in a wide range of areas from agricultural and security policy to climate change, justice and home affairs and economic analysis. • An extensive network of external collaborators, including some 35 senior associates with extensive working experience in EU affairs. for Fair, Efficient and Dynamic PROGRAMME STRUCTURE CEPS is a place where creative and authoritative specialists reflect and comment on the problems and European Securities Markets opportunities facing Europe today. -
Creating an Ethical Stock Exchange
SKOLL CENTRE FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP WORKING PAPER CREATING AN ETHICAL STOCK EXCHANGE JAMIE HARTZELL AUGUST 2007 2 CREATING AN ETHICAL STOCK EXCHANGE JAMIE HARTZELL 3 CONTENTS 5-13 SECTION 1 – WHY IS AN ETHICAL EXCHANGE NECESSARY? 22-26 SECTION 4 – THE STRUCTURE OF AN ETHICAL EXCHANGE 5 THE EXISTING MARKETS 22 THE STAKEHOLDERS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 PRICE SETTING ON THE EXISTING MARKETS 22 THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ETHICAL EXCHANGE 7 UNSUITABILITY OF THE EXISTING MARKETS FOR 22 TRADE AND NEW INVESTMENT EXECUTION ETHICAL BUSINESSES 22 COMPLIANCE WITH THE FINANCIAL SERVICES 8 THE EXTENT OF ETHICAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS (EPOS) AND MARKETS ACT AND THE COMPANIES ACT 10 DEMAND FOR AN ETHICAL EXCHANGE FROM 22 MARKETING SOCIAL ENTERPRISES 23 OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL OF THE EXCHANGE 11 THE BENEFITS OF A WIDE PUBLIC SHAREHOLDER BASE 23 ELIGIBLE INVESTMENTS CREATING A 12 DEMAND FOR AN ETHICAL EXCHANGE FROM INVESTORS 24 PRICING SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RETURNS 25 CRITERIA FOR MARKET LISTING 14-17 SECTION 2 – THE EVOLUTION OF AN ETHICAL EXCHANGE 25 FINANCIAL CRITERIA 14 HISTORY OF ETHICAL SHARE TRADING TO DATE 25 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA MARKET FOR 15 WHAT WOULD AN ETHICAL EXCHANGE DO? 25 TRANSPARENCY AND THE PROVISION 15 GENERATE LIQUIDITY IN INVESTMENTS IN OF INFORMATION SOCIAL ENTERPRISES 15 BRING NEW ISSUES TO MARKET 27-29 SECTION 5 – PRICING SHARES AND BONDS ETHICAL CAPITAL 15 ATTRACT NEW INVESTORS 27 THE FIVE MODELS 16 SUPPORT SMALLER ENTERPRISES WITH 27 OPTION 1 – FIXED PRICE TRADING START-UP FINANCE 27 OPTION 2 – SET PRICE TRADING 16 CREATE NEW -
ANNEX Stock Indices Meeting the Requirements of Article 344 Of
DRAFT ITS ON DIVERSIFIED INDICES UNDER ARTICLE 344(4) OF REGULATION (EU) 575/2013 ANNEX Stock indices meeting the requirements of Article 344 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 Index Country\Area 1. STOXX Asia/Pacific 600 Asia/Pacific 2. ASX100 Australia 3. ASX200 Australia 4. S&P All Ords Australia 5. ATX Austria 6. ATX Prime Austria 7. BEL20 Belgium 8. SaoPaulo - Bovespa Brazil 9. TSX60 Canada 10. CETOP20 Index Central Europe 11. CSI 100 Index China 12. CSI 300 Index China 13. FTSE China A50 Index China 14. Hang Seng Mainland 100 China China 15. PX Global Prague Czech Republic 16. OMX Copenhagen 20 CAP Denmark 17. OMX Copenhagen 25 Denmark 18. OMX Copenhagen Benchmark Denmark 19. FTSE RAFI Developed 1000 Developed Markets 20. CECE Composite Index EUR Eastern Europe 21. FTSE RAFI Emerging Markets Emerging Markets 22. MSCI Emerging Markets 50 Emerging Markets 23. Bloomberg European 500 Europe 24. DJ Euro STOXX 50 Europe 25. FTSE Euro 100 Europe 26. FTSE Eurofirst 100 Europe 27. FTSE Eurofirst 300 Europe 28. FTSE Eurofirst 80 Europe 29. FTSE EuroMid Europe 30. FTSE Eurotop 100 Europe 31. MSCI Euro Europe 32. MSCI Europe Europe 33. MSCI Pan-Euro Europe 34. NTX New Europe Blue Chip Europe 35. S&P Euro Europe 36. S&P Europe 350 Europe 1 DRAFT ITS ON DIVERSIFIED INDICES UNDER ARTICLE 344(4) OF REGULATION (EU) 575/2013 37. STOXX All Europe 100 Europe 38. STOXX All Europe 800 Europe 39. STOXX Europe 50 Europe 40. STOXX Europe 600 Europe 41. STOXX Europe 600 Equal Weight Europe 42. -
The Economics of Financial Markets
The Economics of Financial Markets Roy E. Bailey Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge ,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridg e.org /9780521848275 © R. E. Bailey 2005 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2005 - ---- eBook (EBL) - --- eBook (EBL) - ---- hardback - --- hardback - ---- paperback - --- paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of s for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. The Theory of Economics does not furnish a body of settled conclusions imme- diately applicable to policy. It is a method rather than a doctrine, an apparatus of the mind, a technique of thinking, which helps its possessor to draw correct conclusions. It is not difficult in the sense in which mathematical and scientific techniques are difficult; but the fact that its modes of expression are much less precise than these, renders decidedly difficult the task of conveying it correctly to the minds of learners. J. M. Keynes When you set out for distant Ithaca, -
Performance of Demutualized, Cross-Listed and Newly Listed Ipos: Evidences from Alternative Investment Market (AIM)
Performance of Demutualized, Cross-Listed and Newly Listed IPOs: Evidences from Alternative Investment Market (AIM) By Abdul Wahid Reg # S16C06P04001 Faculty of Management Sciences Riphah International University, Islamabad 2019 Performance of Demutualized, Cross-Listed and Newly Listed IPOs: Evidences from Alternative Investment Market (AIM) By Abdul Wahid Reg # S16C06P04001 Supervised By: Dr. Shahzad Ahmad Khan Co-Supervised By: Dr. Muhammad Zubair Mumtaz A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Management Sciences (Finance) at Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2019 ii RIPHAH INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD APPROVAL SHEET SUBMISSION OF HIGHER RESEARCH DEGREE THESIS The following statement is to be signed by the candidates ‘supervisor (s), Dean/ HOD and must be received by the COE, prior to the dispatch of the thesis to the approved examiners. Candidate’s Name & Reg #: Abdul Wahid & Reg # S16C06P04001 Programme Title: PhD (Finance) Faculty/Department: Management Sciences Thesis Title: Performance of Demutualized, Cross-Listed and Newly Listed IPOs: Evidences from Alternative Investment Market (AIM) I hereby certify that the above candidate’s work, including the thesis, has been completed to my satisfaction and that the thesis is in a format and of an editorial standard recognized by the faculty/department as appropriate for examination. The Thesis has been checked through Turnitin for plagiarism (test report attached). Signature (s): Supervisor: Dr. Shahzad Ahmad Khan Signature:__________________ Date:______________________ Co-supervisor: Dr. Muhammad Zubair Mumtaz Signature __________________ Date: _____________________ The undersigned certify that: 1. The candidate presented at a pre-completion seminar, an overview and synthesis of major findings of the thesis, and that the research is of a standard and extent appropriate for submission as a thesis. -
Consultation on the Market Structure for the Trading of Smaller Equity Securities Outside of the FTSE 350 Index
Attachment 1 to Stock Exchange Notice 15/12 Market Consultation Consultation on the market structure for the trading of smaller equity securities outside of the FTSE 350 index - Closing date for responses: 14 January 2013 Issued: 17 December 2012 Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Timetable and Contact Details ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Allocation of Stocks to Trading Services .................................................................................................................... 7 Trading Services ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Appendices .................................................................................................................................................................... 12 1. Summary of Changes to London Stock Exchange Market Structure .................................................................. 12 2. Comparison of European Growth Markets ........................................................................................................ -
Index Methodology Template W Cover
Index Methodology MSCI Index Calculation Methodology Index Calculation Methodology for the MSCI Equity Indices August 2011 msci.com Index Methodology MSCI Index Calculation Methodology August 2011 Contents Contents ..................................................................................... 2 Introduction ............................................................................... 5 MSCI Equity Indices .................................................................... 6 Section 1: MSCI Price Index Methodology ................................ 7 1.1. Price Index Level ............................................................................................... 7 1.1.1. Index Market Capitalization ...................................................................... 7 1.1.2. Example of calculation ............................................................................ 10 1.2. Price Index Level (Alternative Calculation Formula – Contribution Method) .................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.1. Security Contribution to the Index ......................................................... 11 1.2.2. Today’s Initial Security Weight ................................................................ 11 1.2.3. Security Daily Price Return ....................................................................... 13 1.2.4. Example of calculation using contribution ............................................ 15 1.3. Next Day Initial Security Weight ............................................................... -
COMPARISON of the EUROPEAN and the U.S. UNREGULATED STOCK MARKETS DESIGNED for SMES Imanou Akala, Sakarya University
The International Journal of Business and Finance Research Vol. 13, No. 1, 2019, pp. 85-102 ISSN: 1931-0269 (print) www.theIBFR.com ISSN: 2157-0698 (online) COMPARISON OF THE EUROPEAN AND THE U.S. UNREGULATED STOCK MARKETS DESIGNED FOR SMES Imanou Akala, Sakarya University ABSTRACT This paper examines the state of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in European and U.S. unregulated stock markets. The analysis compares the performance of both markets, using the weekly adjusted closing index prices of Euronext all share index, NYSE AMEX Composite Index, and the OTCM ADR Index for the 2013-2017 period. ADF, EGARCH, and ARCH tests were performed on the collected time series data, to measure and forecast index price volatility, risk and return. The results show a high level of price volatility in some periods; but a permanent effect of shocks was not observed in the long term for all the analyzed indexes. Negative shocks cause more volatility than positive shocks. However, an overall result shows that, the Euronext all share index, despite slight declines, displays an upward trend and relatively higher returns with less risk, than the NYSE AMEX Composite Index, and the OTCM ADR Index. This results reflects the better performance of the European unregulated market, compare to its U.S. counterparts. JEL: M130, G1, C120, C220 KEYWORDS: Small and Medium Enterprises, Stock Markets, Initial Public Offering, Index Prices, Financial Risk and Return INTRODUCTION lthough a significant amount of reports and studies have been conducted regarding SMEs in the American, the Asian, the European unregulated stock markets and elsewhere (Hall, 2007; OICV AIOSCO 2015; Bremus, 2015; Kiškis, Limba and Gulevičiūtė, 2016; Kentaro, 2016 and others); studies comparing SMEs’ unregulated stock markets performance to each other, locally or internationally are scarce. -
Ewelina Sokołowska a Study of the Global Market
Ewelina Sokołowska The Principles of Alternative Investments Management A Study of the Global Market The Principles of Alternative Investments Management ThiS is a FM Blank Page Ewelina Sokołowska The Principles of Alternative Investments Management A Study of the Global Market Ewelina Sokołowska Department of Corporate Finance Faculty of Management University of Gdansk Sopot, Poland ISBN 978-3-319-13214-3 ISBN 978-3-319-13215-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-13215-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015943397 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
Monatsemta-Gzamkvlevi.Pdf
მონაცემთა გზამკვლევი გლობალური განვითარების რაკურსში სტატისტიკა ინდექსები რეიტინგები თბილისი 2020 წელი შ ი ნ ა ა რ ს ი ს ტ ა ტ ი ს ტ ი კ ა ..............................................................................................................................................................................11 გაეროს სტატისტიკა / UNITED NATIONS STATISTICS ................................................................................................................11 მსოფლიო ბანკის მონაცემები/ THE WORLD BANK DATA .......................................................................................................11 საერთაშორისო სავალუტო ფონდის სტატისტიკა / IMF - INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND STATISTICS .............................11 შრომის საერთაშორისო ორგანიზაციის სტატისტიკა და მონაცემთა ბაზები / ILO - INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION STATISTICS AND DATABASES ....................................................................................................................................11 მსოფლიო სავაჭრო ორგანიზაციის სტატისტიკა / WTO - WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION STATISTICS ...................................11 გაეროს ვაჭრობისა და განვითარების კონფერენციის სტატისტიკა / UNCTAD STAT - UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT STATISTICS .................................................................................................................12 გაეროს სამრეწველო განვითარების ორგანიზაციის სტატისტიკა / UNIDO - UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION STATISTICS .......................................................................................................................................12