DOCSLIB.ORG

Providing the Regulatory Framework for Fair, Efficient and Dynamic European Securities Markets

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Providing the Regulatory Framework for Fair, Efficient and Dynamic European Securities Markets ABOUT CEPS Founded in 1983, the Centre for European Policy Studies is an independent policy research institute dedicated to producing sound policy research leading to constructive solutions to the challenges fac- Competition, ing Europe today. Funding is obtained from membership fees, contributions from official institutions (European Commission, other international and multilateral institutions, and national bodies), foun- dation grants, project research, conferences fees and publication sales. GOALS •To achieve high standards of academic excellence and maintain unqualified independence. Fragmentation •To provide a forum for discussion among all stakeholders in the European policy process. •To build collaborative networks of researchers, policy-makers and business across the whole of Europe. •To disseminate our findings and views through a regular flow of publications and public events. ASSETS AND ACHIEVEMENTS • Complete independence to set its own priorities and freedom from any outside influence. and Transparency • Authoritative research by an international staff with a demonstrated capability to analyse policy ques- tions and anticipate trends well before they become topics of general public discussion. • Formation of seven different research networks, comprising some 140 research institutes from throughout Europe and beyond, to complement and consolidate our research expertise and to great- Providing the Regulatory Framework ly extend our reach in a wide range of areas from agricultural and security policy to climate change, justice and home affairs and economic analysis. • An extensive network of external collaborators, including some 35 senior associates with extensive working experience in EU affairs. for Fair, Efficient and Dynamic PROGRAMME STRUCTURE CEPS is a place where creative and authoritative specialists reflect and comment on the problems and European Securities Markets opportunities facing Europe today. This is evidenced by the depth and originality of its publications and the talent and prescience of its expanding research staff. The CEPS research programme is organised under two major headings: Economic Policy Politics, Institutions and Security Macroeconomic Policy The Future of Europe European Network of Economic Policy Justice and Home Affairs Research Institutes (ENEPRI) The Wider Europe Financial Markets, Company Law & Taxation South East Europe European Credit Research Institute (ECRI) Caucasus & Black Sea Trade Developments & Policy EU-Russian/Ukraine Relations Energy, Environment & Climate Change Mediterranean & Middle East Agricultural Policy CEPS-IISS European Security Forum In addition to these two sets of research programmes, the Centre organises a variety of activities with- in the CEPS Policy Forum. These include CEPS task forces, lunchtime membership meetings, network meetings abroad, board-level briefings for CEPS corporate members, conferences, training seminars, major annual events (e.g. the CEPS International Advisory Council) and internet and media relations. Assessing the ISD Review 1 Place du Congrès 1000 Brussels, Belgium CEPS Task Force Report Tel: 32(0)2.229.39.11 Fax: 32(0)2.219.41.51 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.ceps.be Rapporteur: Mattias Levin COMPETITION, FRAGMENTATION & TRANSPARENCY PROVIDING THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR FAIR, EFFICIENT AND DYNAMIC EUROPEAN SECURITIES MARKETS ASSESSING THE ISD REVIEW RAPPORTEUR: MATTIAS LEVIN CEPS TASK FORCE REPORT NO. 46 APRIL 2003 The Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) is an independent policy research institute in Brussels. Its mission is to produce sound policy research leading to constructive solutions to the challenges facing Europe. As a research institute, CEPS takes no position on matters of policy. The views expressed are entirely those of the author. This report is based on research and discussions in the CEPS Task Force on the issues raised by the ISD Review. The members of the Task Force participated in extensive debates in the course of several meetings and had the possibility to submit comments on an earlier draft of this report. However, the recommendations do not reflect a common position reached among all members of the Task Force, nor do they necessarily represent the views of the institutions to which the members belong. A list of participants and invited guests and speakers appears at the end of this report. The author, Mattias Levin, is a Research Fellow at CEPS and a specialist in the area of banking and financial markets in the European Union. He wishes to thank Karel Lannoo and the members of the Task Force for their input into the discussions. He is also grateful for the opportunity to observe first-hand – in the context of visits to Euronext Paris, Goldman Sachs International (London), and the London Stock Exchange – the practical workings of international equity markets. The research done in the context of this Task Force was sponsored by Capco, the Federation of European Securities Exchanges (FESE), Instinet, the International Securities Market Association (ISMA) and ITG Europe. ISBN 92-9079-430-8 © Copyright 2003, Centre for European Policy Studies. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior permission of the Centre for European Policy Studies. Centre for European Policy Studies Place du Congrès 1, B-1000 Brussels Tel: (32.2) 229.39.11 Fax: (32.2) 219.41.51 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ceps.be CONTENTS Preface............................................................................................................................................ i Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................iii Policy Recommendations...........................................................................................................viii Part I. The History of Regulating Investment Services in the EU .......................................... 1 1. The EU investment services regime....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Origins of the EU regime............................................................................................. 1 1.2 The 1993 ISD............................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Plus ça change..............................................................................................................5 Part II. The Evolving Structure of Securities Trading ............................................................ 6 2. Fundamentals of the trading industry..................................................................................... 6 2.1 Traders, services and instruments................................................................................ 6 2.2 Market structures....................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Benefits to society of well-functioning securities markets ........................................ 17 3. Forces shaping the structure of markets............................................................................... 18 3.1 Network externalities................................................................................................. 18 3.2 An increasing pace of innovation .............................................................................. 20 3.3 The network paradox – Forces of fragmentation....................................................... 22 4. The European market structure............................................................................................ 23 4.1 Central markets.......................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Off-exchange order execution ................................................................................... 32 4.3 European equity markets in a global context............................................................. 36 Part III. Regulating Securities Trading .................................................................................. 39 5. Fundamentals of regulating securities trading ..................................................................... 39 5.1 Aims of financial regulation ...................................................................................... 39 5.2 Regulatory instruments.............................................................................................. 40 5.3 Uncertainty and the risk of regulatory failure............................................................ 49 6. Concerns raised by the evolving market structure ............................................................... 50 6.1 Fragmentation............................................................................................................ 51 6.2 Agency problems, conflicts of interest and collusion................................................ 59 6.3 Cream-skimming and distributive equity .................................................................. 62 7. A regulatory framework for managing structural change .................................................... 64 7.1 The regulatory trade-offs ........................................................................................... 65 7.2 Integrating fragmented markets in the US................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trading Frictions and Market Structure: an Empirical Analysis
    Trading Frictions and Market Structure: An Empirical Analysis Charlie X. Cai, David Hillier, Robert Hudson, and Kevin Keasey1 February 3, 2005 JEL Classi…cation: G12; G14; D23; L22. Keywords: SETS; SEAQ; Trading Friction; Market Structure. 1 The Authors are from the University of Leeds. Address for correspondence: Charlie X. Cai, Leeds University Business School, Maurice Keyworth Building, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK., e-mail: [email protected]. All errors are our own. Trading Frictions and Market Structure: An Empirical Analysis Abstract Market structure a¤ects the informational and real frictions faced by traders in equity markets. We present evidence which suggests that while real fric- tions associated with the costs of supplying immediacy are less in order driven systems, informational frictions resulting from increased adverse selection risk are considerably higher in these markets. Firm value, transaction size and order location are all major determinants of the trading costs faced by investors. Consistent with the stealth trading hypothesis of Barclay and Warner (1993), we report that informational frictions are at their highest for small trades which go through the order book. Finally, while there is no doubt that the total costs of trading on order-driven systems are lower for very liquid securities, the inherent informational ine¢ ciencies of the format should be not be ignored. This is particularly true for the vast majority of small to mid-size stocks that experience infrequent trading and low transac- tion volume. JEL Classi…cation: G12; G14; D23; L22. Keywords: SETS; SEAQ; Trading Friction; Market Structure. 1 Introduction Trading frictions in …nancial markets are an important determinant of the liquidity of securities and the intertemporal e¢ ciency of prices.
    [Show full text]
  • Market Structure and Liquidity on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: The Industrial Organization and Regulation of the Securities Industry Volume Author/Editor: Andrew W. Lo, editor Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-48847-0 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/lo__96-1 Conference Date: January 19-22, 1994 Publication Date: January 1996 Chapter Title: Market Structure and Liquidity on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Chapter Author: Bruce N. Lehmann, David M. Modest Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c8108 Chapter pages in book: (p. 275 - 316) 9 Market Structure and Liquidity on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Bruce N. Lehmann and David M. Modest Common sense and conventional economic reasoning suggest that liquid sec- ondary markets facilitate lower-cost capital formation than would otherwise occur. Broad common sense does not, however, provide a reliable guide to the specific market mechanisms-the nitty-gritty details of market microstruc- ture-that would produce the most desirable economic outcomes. The demand for and supply of liquidity devolves from the willingness, in- deed the demand, of public investors to trade. However, their demands are seldom coordinated except by particular trading mechanisms, causing transient fluctuations in the demand for liquidity services and resulting in the fragmenta- tion of order flow over time. In most organized secondary markets, designated market makers like dealers and specialists serve as intermediaries between buyers and sellers who provide liquidity over short time intervals as part of their provision of intermediation services. Liquidity may ultimately be pro- vided by the willingness of investors to trade with one another, but designated market makers typically bridge temporal gaps in investor demands in most markets.' Bruce N.
    [Show full text]
  • What Drives Market Resiliency on the Order-Driven Markets?
    What Drives Market Resiliency on the Order-Driven Markets? Dániel Havran1 Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1112 Budapest Budaörsi út 45. Department of Finance, Corvinus University of Budapest H-1093. Budapest Fővám tér 8. Tel: +361-482-5468, email: [email protected] Kata Váradi2 Corvinus University of Budapest H-1093. Budapest Fővám tér 8. Tel: +361-482-5373, email: [email protected] Abstract Our study investigates the market resiliency of order-driven stock markets. We define resiliency as the feature of the market in which new orders flow quickly to correct liquidity of the market after a 1 Dániel Havran is participant of the Hungarian Academy of Science Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme, in the period of 2013/09-2015/09. 2 This research was supported by the European Union and the State of Hungary, co-financed by the European Social Fund in the framework of TÁMOP 4.2.4. A/2-11-1-2012-0001 ‘National Excellence Program’. 1 shock. When an aggressive market order appears, it eliminates a significant ratio of the limit orders from the order book. The resulting lack of limit orders can cause notable price impact for market orders. It is crucial for the market players to know the duration of the correction and the possible long term effects of this kind of shocks. Based on the literature, we build up a vector autoregressive model to quantify the duration of the correction of market liquidity and explore the size of the critical market orders which drives to market shocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Maquetación 1
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Liverpool Repository E AESTIMATIO, THE IEB INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE , 2017. : 8-25 DOI:10.5605/IEB.14.1 L 14 C © 2017 AESTIMATIO , THE IEB INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE I T R A H C R Herd behaviour: A E S E R A survey Kallinterakis, Vasileios Gregoriou, Greg N. ̈ RECEIVED : 6 JUNE 2016 ̈ ACCEPTED : 17 FEBRUARY 2017 Abstract This paper presents a survey of the extant research on herding, from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective. Theoretical research provides valuable insights into the key motives underlying investors’ tendencies to herd, while empirical evidence confirms the presence of herding – to varying degrees – internationally, both at the market level and for specific investor types. In future research there should be a greater focus on empirically testing herding intent, herding dynamics at high frequencies and other (non- equity) asset classes, who follows whom in the stock market, and whether herding can be profitably exploited. Keywords: Herding, Informational cascades, Institutional herding, Behavioural finance. JEL classification: G02, G10. 2 Please cite this article as: Kallinterakis, V. and Gregoriou, G.N. (2017). Herd behaviour: A survey, AESTIMATIO, The IEB International Journal of Finance, 14 , pp. 8-25. doi: 10.5605/IEB.14.1 Kallinterakis, V. PhD is Senior Lecturer in Finance at the University of Liverpool Management School (UK), Chatham Building, Chatham Street, Liverpool L69 7ZH, United Kingdom. Email: [email protected]. Gregoriou, G.N. PhD is Professor of Finance at the School of Business and Economics at State University of New York (Plattsburgh), 101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, NY, 12901, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Computer Trading in Financial Markets an International Perspective
    The Future of Computer Trading in Financial Markets An International Perspective FINAL PROJECT REPORT This Report should be cited as: Foresight: The Future of Computer Trading in Financial Markets (2012) Final Project Report The Government Office for Science, London The Future of Computer Trading in Financial Markets An International Perspective This Report is intended for: Policy makers, legislators, regulators and a wide range of professionals and researchers whose interest relate to computer trading within financial markets. This Report focuses on computer trading from an international perspective, and is not limited to one particular market. Foreword Well functioning financial markets are vital for everyone. They support businesses and growth across the world. They provide important services for investors, from large pension funds to the smallest investors. And they can even affect the long-term security of entire countries. Financial markets are evolving ever faster through interacting forces such as globalisation, changes in geopolitics, competition, evolving regulation and demographic shifts. However, the development of new technology is arguably driving the fastest changes. Technological developments are undoubtedly fuelling many new products and services, and are contributing to the dynamism of financial markets. In particular, high frequency computer-based trading (HFT) has grown in recent years to represent about 30% of equity trading in the UK and possible over 60% in the USA. HFT has many proponents. Its roll-out is contributing to fundamental shifts in market structures being seen across the world and, in turn, these are significantly affecting the fortunes of many market participants. But the relentless rise of HFT and algorithmic trading (AT) has also attracted considerable controversy and opposition.
    [Show full text]
  • Trading and the True Liquidity of an ETF
    For Professional Clients and/or Qualified Investors only Trading and the true liquidity of an ETF Contact us ETFs are at least as liquid as the underlying securities they hold ETF Capital Markets: Even an ETF with low traded volume is liquid if its bid-ask spread is tight +44 (0)20 7011 4224 [email protected] The BMO ETF Capital Markets desk is the key contact for investors wanting to trade BMO ETFs as it assists clients Sales Support: throughout the trading process +44 (0)20 7011 4444 [email protected] An ETF’s underlying liquidity can be assessed by the difference between the buy (ask) price and sell (bid) price, or the “bid-ask spread”, resulting from the two-way Telephone calls may be recorded. traded flows in an ETF. A tighter bid-ask spread on an ETF generally indicates that the underlying securities also have tight bid-ask spreads and are therefore more liquid. The “market depth”, as seen on the Exchange’s order book of an ETF (list of all the bmogam.com/etfs quotes and trade sizes for an ETF) also provides an indication of the liquidity for an ETF. Follow us on LinkedIn The higher the number of buy and sell orders at each price, the greater the depth of the market. Some investors might not have access to this information readily but the Subscribe to our BMO Global Asset Management ETF Capital Markets desk does. BrightTALK channelan The average daily volume is not necessarily indicative of ETF liquidity; even an ETF with Subscribe to our market-driven low traded volume is liquid if its underlying holdings are liquid and its bid-ask spread investment strategy emails ALK.
    [Show full text]
  • Capital Market Theory, Mandatory Disclosure, and Price Discovery Lawrence A
    Washington and Lee Law Review Volume 51 | Issue 3 Article 3 Summer 6-1-1994 Capital Market Theory, Mandatory Disclosure, and Price Discovery Lawrence A. Cunningham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr Part of the Securities Law Commons Recommended Citation Lawrence A. Cunningham, Capital Market Theory, Mandatory Disclosure, and Price Discovery, 51 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 843 (1994), https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr/vol51/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington and Lee Law Review at Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington and Lee Law Review by an authorized editor of Washington & Lee University School of Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Capital Market Theory, Mandatory Disclosure, and Price Discovery Lawrence A. Cunningham* L Introduction The once-venerable "efficient capital market hypothesis" (ECMH) crashed along with world capital markets in October 1987, but its resilience has nearly matched the resilience of those markets. Despite another market break in 1989, for example, the ECMH has continued to be reflexively heralded by numerous corporate and securities law scholars as an accurate account of public capital market behavior. Together with overwhelming evidence of excessive market volatility, however, these catastrophic market breaks revealed instinct infirmities m the ECMH that could hardly be shrugged off as mere anomalies. In response to the ECMH's eroding descriptive and prescriptive power, capital market theorists found in noise theory an auxiliary explanation for these otherwise inexplicable catastrophes.
    [Show full text]
  • Equities: Characteristics and Markets I. Reading. A. BKM Chapter 3
    Lecture 3 Foundations of Finance Lecture 3: Equities: Characteristics and Markets I. Reading. A. BKM Chapter 3: Sections 3.2-3.5 and 3.8 are the most closely related to the material covered here. II. Terminology. A. Bid Price: 1. Price at which an intermediary is ready to purchase the security. 2. Price received by a seller. B. Asked Price: 1. Price at which an intermediary is ready to sell the security. 2. Price paid by a buyer. C. Spread: 1. Difference between bid and asked prices. 2. Bid price is lower than the asked price. 3. Spread is the intermediary’s profit. Investor Price Intermediary Buy Asked Sell Sell Bid Buy 1 Lecture 3 Foundations of Finance III. Secondary Stock Markets in the U.S.. A. Exchanges. 1. National: a. NYSE: largest. b. AMEX. 2. Regional: several. 3. Some stocks trade both on the NYSE and on regional exchanges. 4. Most exchanges have listing requirements that a stock has to satisfy. 5. Only members of an exchange can trade on the exchange. 6. Exchange members execute trades for investors and receive commission. B. Over-the-Counter Market. 1. National Association of Securities Dealers-National Market System (NASD-NMS) a. the major over-the-counter market. b. utilizes an automated quotations system (NASDAQ) which computer-links dealers (market makers). c. dealers: (1) maintain an inventory of selected stocks; and, (2) stand ready to buy a certain number of shares of stock at their stated bid prices and ready to sell at their stated asked prices. (a) pre-Jan 21, 1997, up to 1000 shares.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence from the Toronto Stock Exchange
    The impact of trading floor closure on market efficiency: Evidence from the Toronto Stock Exchange Dennis Y. CHUNG Simon Fraser University and Karel HRAZDIL* Simon Fraser University This draft: July 1, 2013 For the 2013 Auckland Finance Meeting Abstract: We are the first to evaluate the impact of the trading floor closure on the corresponding efficiency of the stock price formation process on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). Utilizing short-horizon return predictability as an inverse indicator of market efficiency, we demonstrate that while the switch to all electronic trading resulted in higher volume and lower trading costs, the information asymmetry among investors increased as more informed and uninformed traders entered the market. The TSX trading floor closure resulted in a significant decrease in informational efficiency, and it took about six years for efficiency to return to its pre-all-electronic-trading level. In multivariate setting, we provide evidence that changes in information asymmetry and increased losses to liquidity demanders due to adverse selection account for the largest variations in the deterioration of the aggregate level of informational efficiency. Our results suggest that electronic trading should complement, rather than replace, the exchange trading floor. JEL Codes: G10; G14 Keywords: Electronic trading; Trading floor; Market efficiency; Toronto Stock Exchange. * Corresponding author. Address of correspondence: Beedie School of Business, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., V5A 1S6, Canada; Phone: +1 778 782 6790; Fax: +1 778 782 4920; E-mail addresses: [email protected] (D.Y. Chung), [email protected] (K. Hrazdil). We acknowledge financial support from the CA Education Foundation of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of British Columbia and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Trading Services Price List
    Trading Services Price List (On-Exchange and OTC) Effective 01st August 2016 Trading Services Price List Order book business All order and quote charges Order management charge Order Entry Non-persistent orders 1 1p All other orders Free Order and quote management surcharge 2 Each event High usage surcharge 5p High usage surcharge for qualifying order events in Exchange Traded Funds 2 1.25p (ETFs) or Exchange Traded Products (ETPs) Quote management charge (per side) Quote entry Securitised Derivatives 0.28p* All other securities Free * Monthly fee cap of £15,000. 2 Trading Services Price List Exchange charge 3 Equities Standard Value Traded Scheme 4 for Equities Charge First £2.5bn of orders executed 0.45bp* Next £2.5bn of orders executed 0.40bp* Next £5bn of orders executed 0.30bp* All subsequent value of orders executed 0.20bp* Liquidity Provider Scheme for FTSE 350 securities 5 Value of orders passively executed that qualify for the scheme Free Monthly fee for inclusion of each non-member firm as a Nominated Client £2,500 Value of all Nominated Client orders in FTSE 350 securities executed that do not qualify for the scheme 0.45bp* Aggressive executions qualifying under Liquidity Taker Scheme Packages 6 for Equities Package 1 - Monthly fee £40,000*** Value of orders executed 0.15bp** Package 2 - Monthly fee £4,000 Value of orders executed 0.28bp* Private Client Broker Order Book Trading Scheme 8 Value of orders executed in first 6 months from joining scheme Free Value of orders executed thereafter 0.10bp* Smaller Company Registered Market Maker 9 Value of orders executed 0.20bp* Hidden & non-displayed portion of Icebergs 10 Additional Charge Premium on the value executed of orders that are either hidden or the persistent non-displayed portion of an 0.25bp Iceberg * Subject to a minimum charge of 10p per order executed.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix F. List of Questionnaires and Record Books, with Selected Facsimiles
    Appendix F. List of Questionnaires and Record Books, With Selected Facsimiles Page Page General Forms Census of Construction Industries NC-9901 Report of Organization ---------------------- 2 CC-1509 Building Construction—General NC-9926 Classification Report ------------------------ 5 Contractors and Operative Builders ----------------102 NC-9923 General Schedule --------------------------- 6 CC-1609 Heavy Construction Other Than Building Census of Retail Trade Construction—Contractors --------------------------106 CB-5202 Paint, Glass, Wallpaper --------------------- 8 CC-1729 Painting and Paper Hanging Special Trade Contractors ----------------------------------- 110 CB-5302 General Merchandise------------------------ 11 Census of Manufactures CB-5400 Food ------------------------------------------ 15 MA-1000(L) 1992 Annual Survey of Manufactures--- 114 CB-5504 Gasoline Service Stations------------------- 19 MC-2002 Meat Processing Plants--------------------- 118 Census of Wholesale Trade MC-2004 Dairy Products-------------------------------127 CB-5001 Short Form ----------------------------------- 23 Census of Mineral Industries CB-5012 Motor Vehicles ------------------------------- 25 MC-1001 Iron, Ferroalloy, Uranium, and CB-5013 Motor Vehicles Parts and Supplies --------- 29 Miscellaneous Metal Ores --------------------------138 CB-5099 Miscellaneous Durable Goods -------------- 33 MC-1301 Oil and Gas Field Operations --------------146 Census of Service Industries MC-1401 Stone, Sand, and Gravel -------------------153 CB-7001 Hotels
    [Show full text]
  • United States
    IMF Country Report No. 15/91 UNITED STATES FINANCIAL SECTOR ASSESSMENT PROGRAM April 2015 DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION ON THE IOSCO OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES OF SECURITIES REGULATION This Detailed Assessment of Implementation on the IOSCO Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation on the United States was prepared by a staff team of the International Monetary Fund. It is based on the information available at the time it was completed in March 2015. Copies of this report are available to the public from International Monetary Fund Publication Services 700 19th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20431 Telephone: (202) 623-7430 Telefax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.imf.org Price: $18.00 a copy International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. © 2015 International Monetary Fund UNITED STATES DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF March 2015 IMPLEMENTATION IOSCO OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES OF SECURITIES REGULATION Prepared By This Detailed Assessment Report was prepared in the Monetary and Capital context of an IMF Financial Sector Assessment Markets Department Program (FSAP) mission in the United States during October-November 2014, led by Aditya Narain, IMF and overseen by the Monetary and Capital Markets Department, IMF. Further information on the FSAP program can be found at http://www.imf.org/external/np/fsap/fssa.aspx. UNITED STATES CONTENTS GLOSSARY _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ___________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]