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Additions to the known larval host larvae in various instars from plants of Indian Lepidoptera forests in Nainital District between 1200m and 2400m elevation. The Peter Smetacek 1 & Rajni Smetacek 2 places visited were mainly in the Bhimtal and Sattal valleys (1200–1500 m), the 1,2 The Butterfly Research Centre, The Retreat, Jones Estate, P.O.Bhimtal, District Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136 India Bhowali Valley (1600m), the Gagar pass (2400m), Email: 1 [email protected] (corresponding author); Maheshkhan forest (2200m) and Rata forest (2200m) 2 [email protected] at all seasons, opportunistically over a period of 20 years but focussed on Maheshkhan, Gagar and Rata The larval host plants of some families of Indian forests during 2008 to 2009. All the above mentioned Lepidoptera such as the Papilionidae, Saturniidae and locations are within a 50-km radius of Bhimtal. Since Sphingidae are relatively well known (Bell & Scott the same species was often encountered in different 1937; Robinson et al. 2001). Information on most of locations within the district, we have refrained from the other families is quite incomplete. giving exact locations in the list. Voucher specimens The present list consists largely of species bred of the material bred are in the authors’ personal by the authors at Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal, collection at the above address. Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India in the Kumaon In addition, an invitation to the Forest Research Himalaya west of Nepal (29020’41”N & 79030’17”E). Institute in Dehra Dun to the senior author resulted Most of the species recorded were obtained as wild in the identification of a number of moths that had lain unidentified in the Indian National Forest Insect Collection since the 1930s. Several of these had been Date of publication (online): 26 December 2011 Date of publication (print): 26 December 2011 bred in different parts of India and Burma and the ISSN 0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print) localities on their data labels are mentioned in this list.
Editor: George Mathew It should be noted that the names of several localities have changed during the intervening 80 years. The Manuscript details: Ms # o2745 original names on the data labels have been noted so Received 03 April 2011 Final received 15 November 2011 as to facilitate reference to these specimens, while Finally accepted 22 November 2011 the currently valid names have been mentioned in Citation: Smetacek, P. & R. Smetacek (2011). Additions to the known parenthesis. Similarly, names of plants on which larval host plants of Indian Lepidoptera. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(12): 2272–2276. the Lepidoptera were bred are, in many cases, not currently valid. Nevertheless, these have been Copyright: © Peter Smetacek & Rajni Smetacek 2011. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article mentioned as noted on the original data labels and in any medium for non-profit purposes, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. the current botanical names included in parenthesis. In one case (Pseudomicronia coelata Moore), it was Acknowledgements: We are indebted to the following persons and institu- tions, without whose help this work would have been impossible: the Head not possible to discover the author or family of the and staff of the Dept. of Forest Entomology, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India for permission to work on the collection in their care and plant name mentioned on the data label, yet this name to publish records; the Chief Conservator of Forests, Jammu and Kashmir, for kind permission to one of us (PS) to work on hawkmoths around Leh, has been included in the hope that others are more Ladakh and the Wildlife Warden and personnel of the Jammu and Kashmir fortuitous than the present authors. In another case, Forest Department for their generous help there; Professor Emeritus Y.P.S. Pangtey of the Botany Department, D.S.B. College, Nainital, India for iden- (Nephele hespera Fabricius) it was not possible to tifying plants and clearing several taxonomic problems of a botanic nature; Dr. Wolfgang Speidel of the Museum Witt, Munich, Germany for identifying locate the authority for the species of plant (Carissa some Noctuids.; Dr. Wolfgang Nässig, Forschingsinstitut und Naturmuseum affinarium) mentioned on the moth’s data label, so this Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, for literature; Professor L.W.R. Kobes, Heterocera Sumatrana Society, Göttingen, Germany, for confirming name has been listed as such. All specimens in the the identity of Gabala roseoretis, Dr. I.J. Kitching, N.H.M., London, U.K. for identifying some species and advice on the placement and arrangement Forest Research Institute have been distinguished by of the taxa; Manoj Chandran, I.F.S. for breeding Cleora reciprocaria, pho- an asterisk in the following list. tographs of the early stages of Acytolepis puspa on Quercus and breeding notes on the Sesia sp.; and especially the Rufford Small Grant Foundation, The Sypnini (Erebidae) do not seem to have a U.K. for financing this work. subfamily placement yet (I.J. Kitching pers. comm.) OPEN ACCESS | FREE DOWNLOAD so it has been placed as a Tribe in the Erebidae.
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In addition, there are eight records, one each by Zygaeniidae Antram (1924), Bailey (1951) and Troup (1899), two *Gynautocera papilionaria Guérin- by Mackinnon & de Nicéville (1897–1898) and three Menéville:”Litsea polyantha” = Litsea monopetala by Wynter-Blyth (1957) that appear to have been (Roxb.) Pers. (Lauraceae) Dehra Dun. overlooked by subsequent authors, notably Robinson Soritia leptalina Kollar: Bridelia montana (Roxb.) et al. (2001). These have been included in this list. Willd. (Euphorbiaceae); Rubus ellipticus Smith (Rosaceae). Systematic section Psychiidae Pyralidae *Eumeta Walker sp.: seeds of Pinus wallichiana Heterocrasa expansalis Warren: Quercus A.B. Jackson (= Pinus excelsa Walich ex D. Don) leucotrichophora A Camus (Fagaceae). (Pinaceae), Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. Drepanidae Tortricidae Drepaninae Archips machlopis Meyrick: Neolitsea umbrosa Callidrepana argenteola Moore: Rhus wallichi (Nees) Gamble (Lauraceae). Hook. F. (Anacardiaceae). Deroca hyalina Walker: Benthamidia capitata Sesiidae (Wallich) Hara (Cornaceae). Sesia Fabricius sp.: bark of Phyllanthus emblica L. Deroca inconclusa Walker: Benthamidia capitata (Euphorbiaceae). (Wallich) Hara (Cornaceae). Drepana near quinaria Moore: Alnus nepalensis Limacodidae D. Don (Betulaceae). *Parasa lepida Cramer: Strychnos nux-vomica L. Oreta extensa Walker: Swida oblonga (Wallich) (Moraceae), Dehra Dun. Soják (Cornaceae). *Miresa albipuncta Herrich-Schäffer: “Dicopyros melanoxylum” = Diopyros exsculpta Buch.-Ham. Bombycidae (Ebenaceae), Hoshangabad, C.P. (=Hoshangabad, Penicillifera lactea Hutton: Ficus neriifolia var. Madhya Pradesh). nemoralis (Wall. Ex Miq.) Corner (Moraceae). *Cania himalayana Holloway: Bombax ceiba L. (Bombacaceae), Dehra Dun. Saturniidae *Cheromettia apicata Moore: Terminalia belerica Actias selene Hübner: Symplocos chinensis (Lour.) (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Combretaceae); Litchi chinensis Druce (Symplocaceae). Sonnerat (Sapindaceae), both Dehra Dun. Samia canningii Hutton: Zanthoxylum armatum *Aphendala cana Walker: Citrus L. (Rutaceae), DC (Rutaceae). Dehra Dun. *Narosa conspersa Walker: Desmodium triquetrum Sphingidae (L.) DC (Fabaceae), Coorg Titthimatti (=Titthimatti, *Ambulyx liturata Butler: Shorea robusta Gaertn. Kodagu District, Karnataka). (Dipterocarpaceae), Dehra Dun. *Altha subnotata Swinhoe: “Terminalia tomentosa” *Clanis phalaris Cramer: Ficus benghalensis L. = Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth (Combretaceae); (Moraceae), Salem, Tamil Nadu. Citrus L. (Rutaceae); Shorea robusta Gaertn. Polyptychus trilineatus Moore: Terminalia chebula (Dipterocarpaceae), all Dehra Dun. Retz. (Combretaceae), Dehra Dun. (included in *Chalcoscelides castaneipars Moore: “Cinchona” Robinson et al. (2001) with an interrogation mark.). = ? Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae) Darjeeling, *Nephele hespera Fabricius: “Carissa West Bengal. affinarium”?? *Scopelodes ursina Butler: “Aleurites montana” Psilogramma menephron Cramer:Tecomaria = Vernicia montana Lour. (Euphorbiaceae) Lashio, capensis (Lindl.) Spach. (Bignoniaceae). Burma. Hyles gallii Rottemburg: Euphorbia stracheyi
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Boiss. (Euphorbiaceae), Leh, Ladakh, Jammu & Geometridae Kashmir. Ennominae: Orthostixini Hyles nicaea lathyrus Walker: Euphorbia stracheyi Naxa textilis form huegeli Felder: Osmanthus Boiss. (Euphorbiaceae), Leh, Ladakh, Jammu & fragrans Lour. (Oleaceae) (vide Troup (1899)), Kashmir. Kausani, Uttarakhand. *Macroglossum bombylans Boisduval:”Terminalia tomentosa” = Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth Ennominae (Combretaceae), Dehra Dun. Psyra spurcataria Walker: Rosa L. (Rosaceae). *Cephonodes hylas Linnaeus: Xeromphis spinosa Cleora reciprocaria Walker: Sapindus mukorossi (Thunb.) Keay (Rubiaceae), Paonta, Himachal Gaertn. (Sapidaceae). Pradesh. Cleora repulsaria Walker: Bauhinia vareigata L. (Caesalpinaceae). Lasiocampidae Ectropis crepuscularia Hübner: Glochidion Trabala vishnou Lef.: Coriaria nepalensis Wallich heyneanum (Wight & Arn.) Wight (Euphorbiaceae), (Coriariaceae); Rubus ellipticus Smith (Rosaceae). Tagetes L. (Asteraceae). Malacosoma indica Walker: Salix denticulata Andersson (Salicaceae). Larentiinae Phthonoloba decussata Moore: Bridelia montana Epicopeidae (Roxb.) Willd. (Euphorbiaceae). Epicopeia polydorus Westwood: Persea odoratissima (Nees) Kosterm. (Oleaceae). Notodontidae *Phalera raya Moore: Cassia fistula L. Uraniidae (Leguminosae), Dehra Dun. Uraniinae Dudusa sphingiformis Moore: Acer oblongum *Pseudomicronia coelata Moore: “Congronema Wallich ex DC (Aceraceae). nepalensis” ??, Dehra Dun. Somera viridifusca Walker: Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae). Epipleminae *Orudiza protheclaria Walker: Oroxylum indicum Erebidae (Link) Vent. (Bignoniaceae), Dehra Dun. Lymantriinae *Dysaethria fulvilinea Hampson: Gmelina *Caviria ochripes Moore: Grewia sp. (Tiliaceae), arborea Roxb. (Verbenaceae); Premna latifolia Roxb. Dehra Dun. (Verbenaceae), both Dehra Dun. Artaxa guttata Walker: Citrus L. sp. (Rutaceae). *Dysaethria near ruptaria Moore: Premna berbata Euproctis varia Walker: Coriaria nepalensis Wall. Ex Schauer (Verbenaceae), Dehra Dun. Wallich (Coriariaceae). *Dirades adjutaria Walker: ”Randia uliginosa” = Euproctis plagiata Walker: Syzygium cuminii (L.) Catunaregam uliginosa (Retz.) Sivarajan (Rubiaceae), Skeels (Myrtaceae). Coorg (=Kodagu District, Karnataka); ”Randia “Euproctis” sp.: Carpinus viminea Lindley dumetorum” = Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirven (Corylaceae). (Rubiaceae), Coorg (=Kodagu District, Karnataka); Arctornis subvitrea Walker: Carpinus viminea ”Adina cordifolia” - Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Lindley (Corylaceae). Ridsdale (Rubiaceae), Wynaad (in Tamil Nadu); Ilema kosemponica Strand: Dioscorea bulbifera Cassia fistula L. (Leguminosae), Dehra Dun. L. (Dioscoreaceae); Impatiens edgeworthii Hook. F. *Gathynia miraria Walker: Randia L. sp. (Balsaminaceae). (Rubiaceae), Titthimatti, Coorg (=Kodagu District, Olene inclusa Walker: Quisqualis indica L. Karnataka). (Combretaceae); Rosa L. (Rosaceae). Olene magnalia Swinhoe: Begonia picta Smith (Begoniaceae).
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Rhypotoses drepanioides Kishida: Quercus Arcteini (currently unplaced to subfamily) floribunda Lindley ex A. Camus (Fagaceae) Arcte caerulea Guenee: Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis (Urticaceae) Arctiinae Phissama transiens Walker: Crassocephalum Nymphalidae crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore (Asteraceae). Satyrinae Spilarctia casigneta Kollar: Cirsium verutum Elymnias malelas Hewitson: “leaves of banana” (D. Don) Sprengel (Asteraceae), Mirabilis jalapa = Musa balbisiana Colla (Musaceae) (vide Antram L. (Nyctagenaceae); Dahlia Cav. (Asteraceae); 1924) locality ?Assam; the butterfly is common in Tagetes L. Asteraceae); Craniotome furcata (Link) banana groves in the Kumaon Himalaya. O. Kuntze (Lamiaceae); Gynura bicolor (Roxb. Ex Willd.) DC (Asteraceae); Goldfussia dalhousiana Acraeinae Nees (Acanthaceae); Passiflora edulis Sims. Acraea vesta Fabricius: Pouzolzia zeylanica (Linn.) (Passifloraceae); Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis Bennet & Brown (Urticaceae). (Urticaceae); Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae). *Mangina argus Kollar: ”Crotolaria sericea” = Charaxinae Crotolaria spectabilis Roth (Fabaceae), Dehra Dun. *Polyura athamas Drury: Helicteres isora L. Nyctemera adversata Schaller: Debregeasa (Sterculaceae), Coorg (=Kodagu District, Karnataka). longifolia (Burm. f.) Wedd., Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis, Urtica dioica L. (all Urticaceae); Limenitidinae Gynura bicolor (Roxb. Ex Willd.) DC (Asteraceae); Neptis mahendra Moore: A female oviposited on Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore several young leaves of a bush of Pyracantha crenulata (Asteraceae). (D. Don) M. Roemer (Rosaceae) in the field; larvae emerged but did not eat the leaves (Smetacek 2011)). Calpinae Gonitis mesogona Walker: Rubus ellipticus Smith Lycaenidae (Rosaceae). Talicada nyseus Guérin-Menéville: Kalanchoë Gonitis near mesogona Walker: Grewia optiva J.R. spathulata DC (Crassulaceae). Drumm ex Burrtt. (Tiliaceae). Celastrina gigas Hemming: Prinsepia utilis Royle (Rosaceae) (Wynter-Blyth 91957); mihi). Erebinae Celastrina huegelii Moore: Prinsepia utilis Royle Sypnini (Rosaceae) (Wynter-Blyth (1957); mihi). Sypna curvilinea Moore: Rubus ellipticus Smith Celastrina argiolus kollari Westwood: Prinsepia (Rosaceae). utilis Royle (Rosaceae) (Wynter-Blyth (1957)). *Acytolepis puspa gisca Fruhstorfer: Shorea talura Nolidae Roxb. (Dipterocarpaceae), Coorg (=Kodagu District, Chloephorinae Karnataka); Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus Gabala roseoretis Kobes : Acer oblongum Wallich (Fagaceae), Nainital, Uttarakhand (identity of latter ex DC (Aceraceae). record confirmed on the basis of photographs taken by Manoj Chandran, Government Silviculturist). Noctuidae Horaga albimacula viola Moore: Coriaria Thiacidinae nepalensis Wallich (Coriariaceae) (vide Mackinnon & Thiacidas ?indica Walker: Carpinus viminea de Nicéville (1897–1898)). Lindley (Corylaceae). Dodona eugenes eugenes Bates: Myrsine semiserrata Wallich (Myrsinaceae). Plusiinae Dodona dipoea nostia Fruhstorfer: Myrsine Trichoplusia orichalcea Fabricius: Cirsium semiserrata Wallich (Myrsinaceae). verutum (D. Don) Sprengel (Asteraceae).
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Papilionidae Hesperiidae Troides aeacus C. & R. Felder: Aristolochia Bibasis oedipodea aegina Pl.: Hiptage madablota dilatata N.E. Brown (Aristolochiaceae). Gaertn. (Malphigiaceae) (vide Mackinnon & de Atrophaneura aidoneus Doubleday: Aristolochia Niceville (1897–1898)). dilatata N.E. Brown (Aristolochiaceae). Byasa dasarada ravana Moore: Aristolochia dilatata N.E. Brown (Aristolochiaceae). REFERENCES Byasa polyeuctes Doubleday: Aristolochia dilatata N.E. Brown (Aristolochiaceae). Antram, C.B. (1924). Butterflies of India. Thacker, Spink & Papilio arcturus Westwood: Skimmia Thunb. Co., Calcutta & Simla, 226pp. Bailey, F.M. (1951). Notes on butterflies from Nepal.Journal of (Rutaceae), Kathmandu, Nepal (vide Bailey (1951). the Bombay Natural History Society 50: 64–87; 281–298. Papilio agestor govindra Moore: Persea duthiei Bell, T.R.D. & F.B. Scott (1937). Fauna of British India (King ex Hook. f.) (Lauraceae). including Ceylon and Burma. Moths—Vol. 5. Sphingidae. Graphium (Pazala) eurous cashmirensis Taylor and Francis, London, 14+537pp+15pls+1map. Rothschild: Persea duthiei (King ex Hook. f.) Mackinnon P.W. & L. De Nicéville (1897–98). A list of the Kosterm., Neolitsea umbrosa (Nees) Gamble (both butterflies of Mussoorie in the Western Himalayas and neighbouring regions. Journal of the Bombay Natural Lauraceae). History Society 11: 205–221; 368–389; 585–623, 6 pls. Robinson, G.S., P.W. Ackery, I.J. Kitching, G.W. Beccaloni Pieridae & L.M. Hernandez (2001). Hostplants of The Moth and Aporia agathon agathon Gray: Berberis chitra Butterfly Caterpillars of the Oriental Region. The Natural Edwards (Berberidaceae). History Museum, London & Southdene Sdn. Bht., Kuala Aporia soracta Moore: Berberis chitra Edwards Lumpur, 744pp. Smetacek, P. (2011). A review of West Himalayan Neptini (Berberidaceae). (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society Pieris canidia Sparrman: Cardamine impatiens L. 65(3): 153–161. (Brassicaceae). Troup, N.F.T. (1899). A plague of web-making caterpillars on Gonepteryx rhamni nepalensis Doubleday: the “Silang” tree (Olea fragrans). Journal of the Bombay Rhamnus triqueter (Wallich) Brandis (Rhamnaceae). Natural History Society 12: 775–776. Colias erate Esper: ovipositing on Vicia sativa Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957). The Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, Linnaeus. 20+523pp+72pls. Colias fieldii Menétries: oviposited on Trifolium repens Linnaeus.
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