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Parliament Triumphs in England wh07_te_ch04_s03_MOD_s.fm Page 154 Monday, March 5, 2007 12:01WH07MOD_se_CH04_S03_s.fm PM Page 154 Thursday, January 25, 2007 2:41 PM Step-by-Step WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO SECTION Instruction 3 Charting a Collision Course In 1603 James I, a monarch with strong ideas about Objectives his role, took the English throne. In 1610 the king As you teach this section, keep students made a speech to Parliament that would have quite focused on the following objectives to help the opposite effect of what he intended: them answer the Section Focus Question “ The state of Monarchy is the supremest thing upon and master core content. 3 earth; for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon 3 earth and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God ■ Describe the Tudor monarchs’ relations himself they are called gods. Kings are justly with Parliament. called gods for that they exercise a manner or ■ Analyze how clashes between the resemblance of Divine power upon earth. And Stuarts and Parliament ushered in a to the King is due both the affection of the soul and century of revolution. the service of the body of his subjects. —James I ” ■ Understand how the English Civil War and the development of the Common- A portrait of King James of England painted Focus Question How did the British Parliament assert its around 1619 gives no hint of the monarch’s rights against royal claims to absolute power in the 1600s? wealth led to the Glorious Revolution. frequent clashes with Parliament. ■ Explain the development of English constitutional government. Parliament Triumphs in England Prepare to Read Objectives In the 1600s, while Louis XIV perfected royal absolutism in Build Background Knowledge L3 • Describe the Tudor monarchs’ relations with France, political power in England took a different path. Despite Ask students to recall the significance of Parliament. attempts by English monarchs to increase royal authority, Parlia- the Magna Carta and the power of the • Analyze how clashes between the Stuarts and ment steadily expanded its own influence. English Parliament. Ask them to predict Parliament ushered in a century of revolution. how the English might respond to an • Understand how the English Civil War and the The Tudors Work With Parliament absolute monarch. development of the Commonwealth led to the Glorious Revolution. From 1485 to 1603, England was ruled by Tudor monarchs. • Explain the development of English Although the Tudors believed in divine right, they shrewdly recog- Set a Purpose L3 constitutional government. nized the value of good relations with Parliament. As you have read, when Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church, he turned ■ WITNESS HISTORY Read the selection Terms, People, and Places to Parliament to legalize his actions. Parliament approved the Act of aloud or play the audio. James I limited monarchy Supremacy, making the monarch head of the Church of England. AUDIO Witness History Audio CD, A constant need for money also led Henry to consult Parliament dissenter constitutional Charting a Collision Course Puritans government frequently. Although he had inherited a bulging treasury, he Ask students to compare this selection Charles I cabinet quickly used up his funds fighting overseas wars. To levy new to the Witness History selection on Oliver Cromwell oligarchy taxes, the king had to seek the approval of Parliament. Members English Bill of Rights page 148 and the primary source on of Parliament tended to vote as Henry’s agents instructed. Still, page 150. Ask How does the quota- they became accustomed to being consulted on important matters. When Elizabeth I gained the throne, she too both consulted and tion from James I differ? (It says Reading Skill: Identify Supporting Details As controlled Parliament. Her advisors conveyed the queen’s wishes to that kings not only are appointed by you read the section, use a flowchart to record Parliament and forbade discussion of certain subjects, such as foreign God but can themselves be called gods.) details about the evolution of the English Parliament. One has been started for you. policy or the queen’s marriage. Her skill in handling Parliament Ask why James I’s point of view might helped make “Good Queen Bess” a popular and successful ruler. provoke anger. Tudors consult with and control Parliament. Why did Henry VIII work with Parliament? ■ Focus Point out the Section Focus Question and write it on the board. Tell students to refer to this question as they read. (Answer appears with Section 3 Assessment answers.) Vocabulary Builder ■ Preview Have students preview the Use the information below and the following resources to teach the high-use words from this section. Section Objectives and the list of Teaching Resources, Unit 1, p. 68; Teaching Resources, Skills Handbook, p. 3 Terms, People, and Places. High-Use Words Definitions and Sample Sentences suppress, p. 155 v. to keep from being revealed; to put down by force The government suppressed the news about the president’s illness. Answer tolerate, p. 158 v. to respect others’ beliefs without sharing them Although she was a Republican and he was a Democrat, they tolerated each He needed Parliament’s approval to levy new other’s political views for the sake of their friendship. taxes and to obtain a divorce. 154 The Age of Absolutism WH07MOD_se_CH04_S03_s.fmwh07_te_ch04_s03_MOD_s.fm Page 155 Page Monday, 155 JuneMonday, 26, 2006 March 10:00 5,AM 2007 12:01 PM A Century of Revolution Begins ■ Have students read this Elizabeth died childless in 1603. Her heir was her relative James Stuart, the section using the Structured Read ruling king of Scotland. The Stuarts were neither as popular as the Tudors Aloud strategy (TE, p. T20). As they nor as skillful in dealing with Parliament. They also inherited problems that Vocabulary Builder read, have students create a flowchart Henry and Elizabeth had long suppressed. The result was a “century of suppressed—(suh PRESD) v. kept from with details about events that led to an revolution” that pitted the Stuart monarchs against Parliament. being revealed; put down by force increase in Parliament’s power. The Stuarts Issue a Challenge The first Stuart monarch, James I, Reading and Note Taking had agreed to rule according to English laws and customs. Soon, how- Study Guide, p. 68 ever, he was lecturing Parliament about divine right. “I will not be con- tent that my power be disputed upon,” he declared. Leaders in the House of Commons fiercely resisted the king’s claim to absolute power. James repeatedly clashed with Parliament over money and foreign Teach policy. He needed funds to finance his lavish court and wage wars. When members wanted to discuss foreign policy before voting funds, James dis- The Tudors Work solved Parliament and collected taxes on his own. James also clashed with dissenters, Protestants who differed with With Parliament L3 the Church of England. One group, called Puritans, sought to “purify” Instruct the church of Catholic practices. Puritans called for simpler services and a more democratic church without bishops. James rejected their ■ Introduce Discuss with students how demands, vowing to “harry them out of this land or else do worse.” the tradition of the English Parliament set England apart from other European Parliament Responds In 1625, Charles I inherited the throne. Like nations. Explain that each English his father, Charles behaved like an absolute monarch. He imprisoned his monarch had developed his or her own foes without trial and squeezed the nation for money. By 1628, however, method for dealing with Parliament. his need to raise taxes forced Charles to summon Parliament. Before voting any funds, Parliament insisted that Charles sign the Petition of ■ Teach Point out that the Tudor mon- Right. This document prohibited the king from raising taxes without archs developed a good relationship Parliament’s consent or from jailing anyone without legal justification. with Parliament. Ask How did Henry Charles did sign the Petition, but he then dissolved Parliament in and Elizabeth handle Parliament? 1629. For 11 years, he ignored the Petition and ruled the nation without (They regularly consulted Parliament Parliament. During that time, he created bitter enemies, especially but controlled it through their agents.) among Puritans. His Archbishop of Canterbury, ■ Quick Activity Read aloud this William Laud, tried to force all clergy to follow A Voice for Absolutism strict Anglican rules, dismissing or imprisoning speech that Elizabeth gave to Parlia- In 1651, two years after the English Civil War dissenters. Many people felt that the archbishop ment and discuss its meaning: “Though ended, English political philosopher Thomas was trying to revive Catholic practices. God hath raised me high, yet this I Hobbes published Leviathan. In this book, he In 1637, Charles and Laud tried to impose the count the glory of my crown, that I explained why he favored an absolute Anglican prayer book on Scotland. The Calvinist have reigned with your loves. It is monarchy. How might people who supported Scots revolted. To get funds to suppress the Scot- Parliament over the monarch have argued my desire to live nor reign no longer . tish rebellion, Charles once again had to summon against Hobbes’s view? than my life and reign shall be for your Parliament in 1640. When it met, however, Par- good. And though you have had, and liament launched its own revolt. Primary Source may have, many princes more mighty During the time men live without a The Long Parliament Begins The 1640 Par- and wise sitting in this seat, yet you “ common power to keep them all in liament became known as the Long Parliament never had, nor shall have, any that will awe, they are in that condition which because it lasted on and off until 1653.
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