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Turkana County 2020 Short Rains Food and Nutrition Security Assessment Report

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Turkana County 2020 Short Rains Food and Nutrition Security Assessment Report TURKANA COUNTY 2020 SHORT RAINS FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT A Joint Report by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG)1 and Turkana County Steering Group February 2021 1 Mosioma Dennis Nyabochoa (NDMA) and Turkana Technical County Steering Group EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Food and nutrition security assessment is a multi-agency and multi-sector bi-annual exercise conducted by representatives from the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) whose membership includes both government and non-state actors. The 2020 short rains food and nutrition security assessment in the county was carried out from 18th to 29th January 2021 and covered three main livelihood zones in the county namely: Fisheries, Agro-Pastoral and Pastoral. The main aim was to conduct an objective, evidence-based and transparent food security situation analysis following the performance of the 2020 short rains while factoring the cumulative effect of the two previous seasons and consequently providing recommendations for possible response options across the various livelihood sectors. The onset of the 2020 short rains season was late during the second dekad of October as opposed to the first dekad normally. Rainfall experienced was remarkably below normal, unevenly distributed in space with a poor temporal distribution. The area under maize production was lower than the respective long-term average and hence the corresponding projected production is anticipated to be lower than the long-term average by over 90 percent due to crop failure, fall army worm infestation and seed inadequacy. Maize and sorghum stocks held by various entities such as farmers, traders, millers and National and Cereals Produce Board (NCPB) were below average. For instance, maize stocks held by farmers accounted for only 21 percent of the long-term average. On the other hand, the body condition of all livestock species was fair and on a deteriorating trend across all the livelihood zones but poor in some sections of the Pastoral and Fisheries livelihood zones owing to in availability of forage. Milk production hence consumption was below normal across all the livelihood zones and averaged one litre per household per day for households within Agro-Pastoral and Pastoral sites along the county borders such as Lorogon, Nakwamoru, Katilu, Lorengipi, Lokichoggio, Kibish, Todonyang, Loyapat, Letea, Urum, and Nakitong’o where livestock have migrated to in search of forage and water. Prevailing milk prices were higher than the long-term average in all the livelihood zones with a litre for instance in the Fisheries zone being sold at Ksh. 90 compared to Ksh. 60 normally while in the Pastoral zone it was higher than the long-term average by 33 percent. Return trekking distances to water points from grazing sites across all the livelihood zones were above the normal range and thus averaged five kilometres. Average water consumption per person per day was 10, 15 and 10 litres against a normal of 20, 30 and 20 litres for the Pastoral, Agro- pastoral and Fisheries livelihood zones accordingly. The market price of a kilogram of maize was Ksh. 66 representing 87 percent of the long-term average price for the period. A medium sized goat was selling at Ksh 2,520, the price was lower than the long-term average by 15 percent. The reported Terms of Trade (ToTs) were not favourable in comparison to a similar period the previous year when households acquired 12 kilogrammes more from sale of a goat. Deterioration in the food consumption pattern in relation to January 2020 was noted as evidenced by the reduced food consumption score of 28 as at January 2021. Proportion of the population categorized as having a poor, borderline and acceptable Food Consumption Score was 17.6, 56.2 and 26.2 percent in that order. Noteworthy, during the OND 2020 season an increase in the proportion of population falling under the poor FCS category especially in the Pastoral and Fisheries livelihood zones was recorded. Despite, the Reduced Coping Strategy Index (rCSI) not shifting significantly from the one recorded for the same period during the previous year, it was typically high (16.6). In addition, proportion of children aged five years and below who were moderately malnourished based on Mid Upper Arm Circumference of 115-124mm was 6.1 percent and despite being at par with the seasonal range, a worsening trend was noted since October 2020. Therefore, the overall integrated food security phase classification for the county is ‘Crisis’ (IPC Phase III). i TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1 1.1. County Background..................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Methodology and Approach ........................................................................................ 1 2.0 DRIVERS OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE COUNTY .............. 2 2.1. Rainfall Performance................................................................................................... 2 2.2. Insecurity/Conflict ....................................................................................................... 3 2.3. COVID-19 Pandemic .................................................................................................. 3 2.4. Other Shocks and Hazards .......................................................................................... 4 3.0 IMPACT OF DRIVERS ON FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY ....................... 5 3.1. Availability .................................................................................................................. 5 3.1.1. Crop Production ................................................................................................... 5 3.1.2. Livestock Production ........................................................................................... 8 3.1.3. Impact on availability ........................................................................................ 12 3.2. Access........................................................................................................................ 12 3.2.1. Markets Operations ............................................................................................ 12 3.2.2. Terms of Trade ................................................................................................... 14 3.2.3. Income Sources .................................................................................................. 15 3.2.4. Water Access and Availability (Including Cost and Consumption) .................. 15 3.2.5. Food Consumption ............................................................................................. 18 3.2.6. Coping Strategy ................................................................................................. 19 3.3 Utilization .................................................................................................................... 19 3.3.1. Morbidity and Mortality Patterns....................................................................... 19 3.3.2. Immunization and Vitamin A supplementation ................................................. 20 3.3.3. Nutrition Status and Dietary Diversity .............................................................. 21 3.4 Trends of Key Food Security Indicators ................................................................... 22 4.0 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES ......................................................................................... 23 4.1 Education ....................................................................................................................... 23 4.2. Inter Sectoral Links ..................................................................................................... 25 5.0 FOOD SECURITY PROGNOSIS .................................................................................. 26 5.1. Assumptions .............................................................................................................. 26 5.2. Food Security Outlook for February to April 2021................................................... 27 5.3. Food Security Outlook for May to July 2021 ........................................................... 27 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND INTERVENTIONS ................................................................ 27 6.1 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 27 6.1.1 Phase Classification ........................................................................................... 27 6.1.2 Summary of Findings ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.1.3 Sub-County Ranking .......................................................................................... 28 6.2 Ongoing Interventions ................................................................................................... 29 6.2.1 Food Interventions ............................................................................................. 29 6.2.2 Non-Food Interventions ..................................................................................... 30 6.3 Recommended Interventions ..................................................................................... 33 6.3.1 Food Interventions ............................................................................................. 33 6.3.2 Non-Food Interventions ....................................................................................
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