Turkana County Citizen Budget
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The Bioarchaeology of Mid-Holocene Pastoralist Cemeteries West of Lake Turkana, Kenya
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00914-4 ORIGINAL PAPER The bioarchaeology of mid-Holocene pastoralist cemeteries west of Lake Turkana, Kenya Elizabeth A. Sawchuk1,2 & Susan Pfeiffer3,4,5 & Carla E. Klehm6 & Michelle E. Cameron3 & Austin C. Hill7 & Anneke Janzen2 & Katherine M. Grillo8 & Elisabeth A. Hildebrand1,9 Received: 15 December 2018 /Accepted: 6 August 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Early herders in eastern Africa built elaborate megalithic cemeteries ~ 5000 BP overlooking what is now Lake Turkana in northwestern Kenya. At least six ‘pillar sites’ were constructed during a time of rapid change: cattle, sheep, and goats were introduced to the basin as the lake was shrinking at the end of the African Humid Period. Cultural changes at this time include new lithic and ceramic technologies and the earliest monumentality in eastern Africa. Isolated human remains previously excavated from pillar sites east of Lake Turkana seemed to indicate that pillar site platforms were ossuaries for secondary burials. Recent bioarchaeological excavations at four pillar sites west of the lake have now yielded ≥49 individuals, most from primary and some from secondary interments, challenging earlier interpretations. Here we describe the mortuary cavities, and burial contexts, and included items such as adornments from Lothagam North, Lothagam West, Manemanya, and Kalokol pillar sites. In doing so, we reassess previous hypotheses regarding pillar site construction, use, and inter-site variability. We also present the first osteological analyses of skeletons buried at these sites. Although the human remains are fragmentary, they are nevertheless informative about the sex, age, and body size of the deceased and give evidence for health and disease processes. -
Lake Turkana and the Lower Omo the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands Account for 50% of Kenya’S Livestock Production (Snyder, 2006)
Lake Turkana & the Lower Omo: Hydrological Impacts of Major Dam & Irrigation Development REPORT African Studies Centre Sean Avery (BSc., PhD., C.Eng., C. Env.) © Antonella865 | Dreamstime © Antonella865 Consultant’s email: [email protected] Web: www.watres.com LAKE TURKANA & THE LOWER OMO: HYDROLOGICAL IMPACTS OF MAJOR DAM & IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENTS CONTENTS – VOLUME I REPORT Chapter Description Page EXECUTIVE(SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................1! 1! INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 12! 1.1! THE(CONTEXT ........................................................................................................................................ 12! 1.2! THE(ASSIGNMENT .................................................................................................................................. 14! 1.3! METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................................................... 15! 2! DEVELOPMENT(PLANNING(IN(THE(OMO(BASIN ......................................................................... 18! 2.1! INTRODUCTION(AND(SUMMARY(OVERVIEW(OF(FINDINGS................................................................... 18! 2.2! OMO?GIBE(BASIN(MASTER(PLAN(STUDY,(DECEMBER(1996..............................................................19! 2.2.1! OMO'GIBE!BASIN!MASTER!PLAN!'!TERMS!OF!REFERENCE...........................................................................19! -
Lake Turkana Archaeology: the Holocene
Lake Turkana Archaeology: The Holocene Lawrence H. Robbins, Michigan State University Abstract. Pioneering research in the Holocene archaeology of Lake Turkana con- tributed significantly to the development of broader issues in the prehistory of Africa, including the aquatic civilization model and the initial spread of domes- ticated livestock in East Africa. These topics are reviewed following retrospective discussion of the nature of pioneering fieldwork carried out in the area in the1960s. The early research at Lake Turkana uncovered the oldest pottery in East Africa as well as large numbers of bone harpoons similar to those found along the Nile Valley and elsewhere in Africa. The Lake Turkana area remains one of the major building blocks in the interpretation of the later prehistory of Africa as a whole, just as it is a key area for understanding the early phases of human evolution. Our way had at first led us up hills of volcanic origin. I can’t imagine landscape more barren, dried out and grim. At 1.22 pm the Bassonarok appeared, an enormous lake of blue water dotted with some islands. The northern shores cannot be seen. At its southern end it must be about 20 kilometers wide. As far as the eye can see are barren and volcanic shores. I give it the name of Lake Rudolf. (Teleki 1965 [1886–95]: 5 March 1888) From yesterday’s campsite we could overlook nearly the whole western and north- ern shores of the lake. The soil here is different again. I observed a lot of conglom- erates and fossils (petrification). -
Turkana Districts 2008 Short Rains Assessment Report
TURKANA DISTRICTS 2008 SHORT RAINS ASSESSMENT REPORT 4TH TO 7TH FEBRUARY 2008 Assessment Team Didacus Ityeng Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development Tom Hongo Ministry of Health Fredrick Merie World Food Programme Turkana District Steering Group TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Food Security Situation Summary ...................................................................... 1 1.2 Brief Overview of Recommendations................................................................. 2 1.2.1 Short term recommendations ...................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Medium to Long term ................................................................................. 2 2 DISTRICT FOOD SECURITY SITUATION ............................................................. 2 2.1 Overall Food Security Situation.......................................................................... 2 2.2 Impact of Hazards and Shocks on Food Insecurity............................................ 3 2.2.1 Rainfall........................................................................................................ 3 2.2.2 Crop production........................................................................................... 4 2.2.3 Livestock Production and Fisheries ............................................................ 4 2.2.4 Water and Sanitation .................................................................................. -
Turkana County & Un Joint Integrated
United Nations KENYA Umoja ni Nguvu TURKANA COUNTY & UN JOINT INTEGRATED AREA-BASED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Programme Cycle Report January 2016 - June 2018 United Nations KENYA Umoja ni Nguvu Disclaimer: While all necessary efforts have been taken to ensure that information contained in this publication is correct and not misleading, the possibility of errors or unintentional omissions cannot be excluded. Further details on progress by specific UN Agencies, Funds or Programmes in Turkana can be obtained from the respective organisations. Photo credits: UNDP Kenya, UNICEF Kenya and Turkana County Government Source of data: Turkana CIDP I and II, unless otherwise stated. For enquiries, contact: Office of the United Nations Resident Coordinator United Nations Office in Nairobi, Block M, Level 3, P.O. Box 30218, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Phone: +254 20 7626796 Twitter: @UnKenya www.ke.one.un.org TURKANA COUNTY & UN JOINT INTEGRATED AREA-BASED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Programme Cycle Report January 2016 - June 2018 CONTENTS 3 Abbreviations 5 Foreword 6 Executive Summary 9 Background Key Development Strategies Programme Management Structure 15 Key Developments in Turkana Transformational governance Human Capital Development Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth Environmental Sustainability, Land Management & Human Security 25 Programme Achievements Transformational governance Human Capital Development Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth Environmental Sustainability, Land Management & Human Security 44 Key Programme Milestones 47 Challenges -
Disaster Risk Management Policy
REPUBLIC OF KENYA TURKANA COUNTY GOVERNMENT Disaster Risk Management Policy PUBLIC SERVICE, ADMINISTRATION & DISASTER MANAGEMENT 34°0'0"E 35°0'0"E 36°0'0"E 37°0'0"E $+ N $+ Kibish A D $+ Naita$+ N N " $+ " 0 0 ' U ' 0 ETHIOPIA 0 ° S ° 5 $+ Kaiemothia 5 H ! T $+ U $+ Meyan $+ O $+ S $+ $+ Loruth Esekon K!okuro $+ $+ ! Lorau $+ Kaikor Namuruput! h $+ $+ Nanaam / Mogila $+ Karebur $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ Lokitaung Lokichoggio $+ Yapakuno ! Loteteleit Lokichokio ! LokitaungNgissiger $+ Riokomor $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ Songot N N " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 4 4 Pe!R lekechi/ Kakalale Kalobeyei Kaeris Kataboi $+ $+ $+ $+ ! Murangering Lake Turkana $+ $+ Kakuma ! Kakuma $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ Namadak/kapua Kalok!ol Loreng $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ Kang'atotha $+ Lomeyan $+ $+ Eliye Springs $+ Kenyatta $+ ! $+ $+ $+ $+ LodwarNapetet !R !R $+ Loim$+a !R ! $+ Kanamkemer $+ !R Napuu !R !R N N $+ Nadapal " " $+ !R $+ 0 0 ' ' !R 0 0 ° ° $+ !R 3 3 Lorugum !R Kerio $+ Lokiriama !R ! Loruku$+ mu Lobei !R $+ $+ $+ !R $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ $+ Lorengippi $+ Loichangamata Kang'irisae $+ ! !R $+ Kala$+ pata $+ $+ Kotaruk $+ ! $+ Lokichar $+ ! L!R operat $+ UGANDA Lokicha!R!r Katilia $+ Katilu !R $+ !R !R !R !R !R !R Ka!R putirr $+ $+ ! $+ N N !R " " Kochodin !R 0 0 ' ' Kaputir 0 0 ° ° 2 L!okori 2 ! $+ Lokori Lobokat $+ $+ $+ Napeitom $+ $+ $+ Lo$+melo ! Kapedo N N " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 1 1 0 12.5 25 50 75 100 Kilometers 34°0'0"E 35°0'0"E 36°0'0"E 37°0'0"E KEY Confict Floods Disease Livestock TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS 4 FOREWORD 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6 1.0 INTRODUCTION 7 2.0 GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES 9 2.1 Policy Mission 9 2.2 Policy Goal 9 2.3 Approach 9 2.4 Policy Objectives 9 2.5 Guiding Principles 9 3.0 HAZARDS, POLICY INTERVENTIONS AND RESPONSIBLE INSTITUTIONS 12 3.1 Drought 12 3.1.1 Policy Actions on drought management 13 3.1.2 Responsible Institutions 13 3.2. -
Turkana EWS Bulletin
National Drought Management Authority TURKANA COUNTY DROUGHT EARLY WARNING BULLETIN FOR OCTOBER 2017 OCTOBER EW PHASE Early Warning (EW) Phase Classification Livelihood Zone Phase Trend Pastoral-all species Normal Improving Agro-Pastoral Normal Improving Fisheries Normal improving Formal Employment/Casual Normal Improving Labour COUNTY NORMAL IMPROVING Biophysical Value Normal Indicators Range/Value Rainfall (% of Normal) 178 60-100 Drought Situation & EW Phase Classification VCI-3 month 51 >35 Biophysical Indicators State of Water Sources 4 3-4 Vegetation Condition Normal Normal . Rainfall: Onset was timely on between the second and Production Value Normal third week. Good amounts were received (178% of indicators normal) well spread in time and space. Livestock Migration Normal Normal . The state of water sources remained within the normal Pattern range. Livestock Body Normal Normal . Vegetation: The Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) was Conditions above the normal across all the livelihoods. Milk Production 157 Litres > 128 litres . Browse and pasture are in good condition and normal. Livestock deaths (from No Deaths No Deaths drought) Socio Economic Indicators (Impact Indicators) Crops Condition fair Fair . Crops were performing well in all cropping areas. Access Indicators Value Normal . Livestock body condition was good and no deaths reported. Terms of Trade (ToT) 42 >33 . Milk production improved significantly; above normal. Milk Consumption 142 litres >50 litres . Livestock distance from grazing to water sources Return distance to 8 km <5.56 Km decreased. water sources . Households return distance to water sources decreased. Utilization indicators Value Normal . Terms of Trade were good and remained above normal. Nutrition Status, 13% <21% . The percentage of children under five years, with MUAC MUAC (% at risk of malnutrition) less than 135 mm, decreased and was below normal. -
Adp Fy 2021/2022
TURKANA COUNTY COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) 2021/2022 August, 2020 COUNTY VISION AND MISSION County Vision To facilitate social, environmental, economic and equitable transformation of the Turkana People. County Mission A county of socially empowered citizens with equality for all women and men, with opportunities for food, nutritional and water security, good health, education, economic prosperity, living in a peaceful, socially just and culturally-sensitive environment, underpinned by a resilient natural resource base ii TABLE OF CONTENTS County Vision.................................................................................................................................... ii County Mission................................................................................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................... iii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................................................. ix GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED TERMS ....................................................................................... xi MAP OF TURKANA COUNTY ............................................................................................................xiv FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................... xv PREAMBLE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................xvi -
Crustal Structure Beneath the Kenya Rift from Axial Profile Data
TECTONOPtlYSlCS ELSEVIER Tectonophysics 236 (1994) 179-200 Crustal structure beneath the Kenya Rift from axial profile data J. Mechie ay1,G.R. Keller b, C. Prodehl a, S. Gaciri ‘, L.W. Braile d, W.D. Mooney e, D. Gajewski fy2,K.-J. Sandmeier a a Geophysikalisches Institut, Uniuersitiit KarLFruhe, Hertzstrasse 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany ‘Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 7x 79968, USA ’ Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 14576, Nairobi, Kenya d Department of Geosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA ’ U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Earthquake Research, MS 977, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA f Institut j?ir Geophysik, Universitiit Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfed-Strasse I, D-3392 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany Received 27 May 1992; accepted 1 February 1993 Abstract Modelling of the KRISP 90 axial line data shows that major crustal thinning occurs along the axis af the Kenya Rift from Moho depths of 35 km in the south beneath the Kenya Dome in the vicinity of Lake Naivasha, to 20 km in the north beneath Lake Turkana. Low P,, velocities of 7.5-7.7 km/s are found beneath the whole of the axial line. The results indicate that crustal extension increases to the north and that the low P,, velocities are probably caused by magma (partial melt) rising from below and being trapped in the uppermost kilometres of the mantlie. Along the axial line, the rift infill consisting of volcanics and a minor amount of sediments varies in thickness from zero where Precambrian crystalline basement highs occur to 5-6 km beneath the lakes Turkana and Naivasha. -
[email protected] Website
By: Valerian Micheni National Drought Management Authority Email: [email protected] Website: www.ndma.go.ke 80% of Kenya is vulnerable to drought The EWS of the NDMA aims to give information that help trigger interventions to respond to drought in a timely manner. The system is community based, with data collected at the household level To achieve this, triangulation of indicators to characterize drought conditions, including trends and specific thresholds are critical Physical indicators Rainfall, Effective soil moisture, Surface water availability, Depth to groundwater, etc. Biological/ Agricultural indicators Vegetation cover & composition, Crop & Fodder yield, Condition of domestic animals, Pest incidence, etc. Social indicators Food and Feed availability dietary diversities, Land use conditions, Livelihood shifts, Migration of population, Markets operations, resource conflicts, etc. Takes household as unit of analysis considering different livelihood polygons and looks at 3 different categories of indicators; 1. Environmental Indicators They give trends on the environmental stability Rainfall: onset, quantity, spatial distribution, temporal distribution Forage (Pasture and browse) in terms of quality and quantity – trends Water sources: changes in water sources, distances traveled They measure food availability and effects to food security Livestock body condition in various areas Livestock diseases Timeliness and condition of various crops in different livelihood zones presence of crop pest and diseases Productivity: Livestock and Crops Measure access and utilization of food Market prices; Prices of livestock, food crops. Terms of Trade (ToT) Markets Functionality Trends in food consumption scores and availability at household level Health and Nutrition: Nutritional status of children 12-59 months – (MUAC Measurments) Collected across sentinel in 23 counties by field monitors There are appx. -
County Annual Development Plan (Cadp) 2019/2020
TURKANA COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2019/2020 TURKANA COUNTY COUNTY ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (CADP) 2019/2020 August, 2018 COUNTY VISION AND MISSION County Vision To facilitate social, environmental, economic and equitable transformation of the Turkana People. County Mission A county of socially empowered citizens with equality for all women and men, with opportunities for food, nutritional and water security, good health, education, economic prosperity, living in a peaceful, socially just and culturally-sensitive environment, underpinned by a resilient natural resource base ii TABLE OF CONTENTS County Vision ..................................................................................................................................... ii County Mission ................................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ iii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF MAPS/FIGURES .................................................................................................................... ix ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................... ix GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED TERMS ........................................................................................ -
A Host Community Perspective from Turkana Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized JENNIFER ALIX-GARCIA ERHAN ARTUC HARUN ONDER HARUN ERHAN ARTUC ALIX-GARCIA JENNIFER A HostCommunityPerspectivefromTurkana The Economics of Hosting Refugees The Economics of Hosting Refugees A Host Community Perspective from Turkana Report No: 113183 Republic of Kenya The Economics of Hosting Refugees A Host Community Perspective from Turkana GMF07 AFRICA Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Recon- struction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpreta- tions, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the govern- ments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmit- ting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop- ment/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/.