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Loss of Pathogens in Threatened Plant Species
Oikos 119: 1919–1928, 2010 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18616.x © 2010 Th e Authors. Oikos © 2010 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: Hamish McCallum. Accepted 7 May 2010 Loss of pathogens in threatened plant species Amanda K. Gibson, Jorge I. Mena-Ali and Michael E. Hood A. K. Gibson, J. I. Mena-Ali and M. E. Hood ([email protected]), Dept of Biology, McGuire Life Sciences Building, Amherst College, Rts 9 and 116, Amherst, MA 01002-5000, USA. Global declines in biodiversity create an urgent need to address the impact of infectious disease in the small and fragmented populations that characterize threatened species. However, the paucity of empirical data provides little ability to pre- dict whether disease generally accelerates threatened species towards extinction or becomes less important as populations decline. Th is study tests whether plant species threatened with extinction exhibit lower disease frequencies and lower over- all parasite species richness while also experimentally testing for the eff ect of physiological disease resistance. Herbarium surveys of the genus Silene revealed that anther-smut disease was signifi cantly less frequent in threatened species than non-threatened species, and this eff ect was not constrained by the host phylogeny or by physiological resistance. Moreover, analysis across a much broader range of plants (using US Federal designations) revealed that species with endangered status had signifi cantly lower species richness of fungal pathogens than closely-related, non-endangered species. Th ese results support the role of host ecology, rather than physiological resistance or phylogeny, in determining overall lower incidences and diversity of diseases in plant species threatened by extinction. -
Louisiana Certified Habitat Plant List Native Woody Plants (Trees
Louisiana Certified Habitat Plant List Native Woody Plants (trees, shrubs, woody vines) Common name Scientific name Stewartia Gum, Swamp Black Nyssa biflora Camellia, Silky malacodendron Acacia, Sweet Acacia farnesiana Catalpa Gum, Tupelo Nyssa aquatica Liquidambar Alder, Black/Hazel Alnus rugosa Catalpa, Southern bignonioides Gum, Sweet styriciflua Allspice, Carolina/ Cedar, Eastern Red Juniperus virginiana Sweet Shrub Calycanthus floridus Cedar, Hackberry Celtis laevigata Ashes, Native Fraxinus spp. Atlantic/Southern Chamaecyparis Hawthorn, Native Crataegus spp. White thyoides Hawthorn, Barberry- Ash, Green F. pennsylvanicum Cherry, Black Prunus serotina leaf C. berberifolia Ash, Carolina F. caroliniana Hawthorn, Cherry, Choke Aronia arbutifolia Ash, Pumpkin F. profunda Blueberry C. brachycantha Cherry-laurel Prunus caroliniana Hawthorn, Green C. viridis Ash, White F. americana Chinquapin Castanea pumila Hawthorn, Mayhaw C. aestivalis/opaca Rhododendron Coralbean, Azalea, Pink canescens Eastern/Mamou Erythrina herbacea Hawthorn, Parsley C. marshallii Azalea, Florida Rhododendron Crabapple, Southern Malus angustifolia Hickories, Native Carya spp. Flame austrinum Creeper, Trumpet Campsis radicans Hickory, Black C. texana Anise, Star Illicium floridanum Parthenocissus Anise, Hickory, Bitternut C. cordiformes Creeper, Virginia quinquefolia Yellow/Florida Illicium parviflorum Hickory, Mockernut C. tomentosa Azalea, Florida Rhododendron Crossvine Bignonia capreolata Flame austrinum Hickory, Nutmeg C. myristiciformes Cucumber Tree Magnolia acuminata Rhododendron Hickory, PECAN C. illinoensis Azalea, Pink canescens Cypress, Bald Taxodium distichum Hickory, Pignut C. glabra Rhododendron Cypress, Pond Taxodium ascendens serrulatum, Hickory, Shagbark C. ovata Cyrilla, Swamp/Titi Cyrilla racemiflora viscosum, Hickory, Azalea, White oblongifolium Cyrilla, Little-leaf Cyrilla parvifolia Water/Bitter Pecan C. aquatica Baccharis/ Groundsel Bush Baccharis halimifolia Devil’s Walkingstick Aralia spinosa Hollies, Native Ilex spp. Baccharis, Salt- Osmanthus Holly, American I. -
10 Easy Wildflowers for Butterflies and Bees Tips and Terms
10 Easy Wildflowers for Butterflies and Bees Tips and Terms Selection Glossary of helpful terms It may take a while to understand your landscape’s soil and drainage conditions. If Anther: pollen-bearing part of the stamen your wildflowers don’t succeed, try again, maybe with different species. Remember, Axil: upper angle between the stem and success depends on using the right plant in the right place. leaf or other plant part Water Basal: forming or attached at the base Water plants thoroughly when planting, then water as needed until they are established Bract: modified leaf at the base of a flower and putting out new foliage. Once plants are established, irrigation should be needed Calyx: collective term for the sepals of a only during extended dry periods. Learn to recognize when plants look wilted and flower; typically a whorl that encloses water them then. Over-irrigation can cause fungus and rot, which can kill your the petals and protects the flower bud wildflowers. It can also cause them to grow too quickly, becoming more susceptible to pests and diseases, or too tall, requiring staking. Corolla: collective term for the petals of a flower Fertilizer Corona: petal-like structures arising from Native wildflowers should not need fertilizer. Applying fertilizer can produce plants that the corolla of some flowers to form a grow too quickly, which can lead them to become pest and disease prone, and too tall, crownlike ring requiring staking. Fertilizing also encourages weeds, which can easily out-compete Cultivar: horticultural variety of a wildflowers. naturally occurring species produced in cultivation by selective breeding Sustaining wildflowers If you want wildflowers to persist on their own in your landscape, you’ll need to allow for Deciduous: seasonal shedding of leaves; self-seeding, especially for annual or short-lived species. -
Post-Dispersal Seed Predation, Germination, and Seedling Survival of Five Rare Florida Scrub Species in Intact and Degraded Habitats Author(S) :Elizabeth L
Post-Dispersal Seed Predation, Germination, and Seedling Survival of Five Rare Florida Scrub Species in Intact and Degraded Habitats Author(s) :Elizabeth L. Stephens, Luz Castro-Morales, and Pedro F. Quintana-Ascencio Source: The American Midland Naturalist, 167(2):223-239. 2012. Published By: University of Notre Dame DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-167.2.223 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1674/0003-0031-167.2.223 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Am. Midl. Nat. (2012) 167:223–239 Post-Dispersal Seed Predation, Germination, and Seedling Survival of Five Rare Florida Scrub Species in Intact and Degraded Habitats 1 ELIZABETH L. STEPHENS, LUZ CASTRO-MORALES AND PEDRO F. QUINTANA-ASCENCIO Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando 32816 ABSTRACT.—Knowledge of seed ecology is important for the restoration of ecosystems degraded by anthropogenic activities. -
Plant Succession on Burned Areas in Okefenokee Swamp Following the Fires of 1954 and 1955 EUGENE CYPERT Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge U.S
Plant Succession on Burned Areas in Okefenokee Swamp Following the Fires of 1954 and 1955 EUGENE CYPERT Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and 'Wildlife Waycross, GA 31501 INTRODUCTION IN 1954 and 1955, during an extreme drought, five major fires occurred in Okefenokee Swamp. These fires swept over approximately 318,000 acres of the swamp and 140,000 acres of the adjacent upland. In some areas in the swamp, the burning was severe enough to kill most of the timber and the understory vegetation and burn out pockets in the peat bed. Burns of this severity were usually small and spotty. Over most of the swamp, the burns were surface fires which generally killed most of the underbrush but rarely burned deep enough into the peat bed to kill the larger trees. In many places the swamp fires swept over lightly, burning surface duff and killing only the smaller underbrush. Some areas were missed entirely. On the upland adjacent to the swamp, the fires were very de structive, killing most of the pine timber on the 140,000 acres burned over. The destruction of pine forests on the upland and the severe 199 EUGENE CYPERT burns in the swamp caused considerable concern among conservation ists and neighboring land owners. It was believed desirable to learn something of the succession of vegetation on some of the more severely burned areas. Such knowl edge would add to an understanding of the ecology and history of the swamp and to an understanding of the relation that fires may have to swamp wildlife. -
U.S. National Vegetation Classification: Advancing The
U.S. National Vegetation Classification: Advancing the Description and Management of the Nation’s Ecosystems Use of the NVC hierarchy to scale the GAP/LANDFIRE National Ecosystems Map Legend Don Long (U.S. Forest Service), Anne Davidson (GAP, BSU) Todd Earnhardt (GAP , NSCU) Alexa McKerrow (U.S. Geological Survey) . Background Methods Results A national inventory of the existing vegetation across the There are 551 natural vegetation classes represented in the 6 Classes 13 Subclasses 22 Formations U.S. has been central to the missions of both the GAP/LANDFIRE National Terrestrial Ecosystems Map for the a Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools conterminous U.S. The crosswalk allows for the Project (LANDFIRE) and the National Gap Analysis Program aggregation of the mapped classes into the hierarchical b (GAP). Over the past several years these two programs structure of the USNVC; specifically, the ecological systems a. Forest & Woodland a. Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland a. Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest b. Desert & Semi-Desert b. Warm Desert & Semi-Desert Woodland, b. Warm Desert & Semi-Desert Scrub & have come together to collaborate on the next generation are crosswalked to the middle and upper levels of the Scrub & Grassland Grassland highly detailed existing vegetation maps for the U.S. This USNVC. Relationships between the two classification 51 Divisions 112 Macrogroups 240 Groups collaboration leverages the mapping and inventory to systems developed by NatureServe ecologists were used to meet needs for both fire and fuels management, as well link the mapped Ecological Systems to the Group level of as for wildlife habitat conservation planning. the USNVC. -
Suncoast Grapevine
www.ficuswww.suncoastnps.org.usf.edu/orgs/suncoast The Suncoast Grapevine Newsletter of the Suncoast Native Plant Society, Inc. Volume 36 Number 2 February 2019 FEBRUARY CHAPTER MEETING --- At the Seminole Heights Library --- 4711 Central Ave. Tampa, Florida 33603-3905 Dispersion and Impacts of Texas Phoenix Palm decline on Sabal palmetto at the Golden Aster Preserve Presented by Chris Hanni Wednesday, February 20 at 7 PM Texas Phoenix Palm Decline (TPPD) is a new disease in Florida, first appearing between Tampa and Sarasota in 2006-2008. Hillsborough County has been an epicenter for the disease which has spread to 22 Florida counties and which affects several species of date palm as well as our state tree, the cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto). The disease is fatal and there is presently no cure. About the Speaker: Chris is a graduate student at the school of GeoSciences, University of South Florida. His goal is to increase awareness of the disease and how it’s impacting the Sabal palmetto (our state tree). Chris and his wife Rebekah are combat veterans (6 deployments). They have 2 children and have lived in Hills- borough County since 2007. He has an A.S. in Computer Science, a B.S. in Environmental Microbiology and a Masters in Geography (GIS and Spatial Analysis). He is planning a PhD in Geography and Environmental Science Policy to start this fall. In his spare time he writes music and works on his 1977 CJ5. Light refreshments will not be served at the library, a native plant donation auction follows the presentation. - submitted by Virginia Overstreet Note - The Suncoast Chapter’s Board of Directors has designated February’s regular monthly meeting to elect officers and the 2019 Board of Directors. -
Hawkes CV (2004) Effects of Biological Soil Crusts on Seed Germination of Four Endangered Herbs in a Xeric Florida Shrubland During Drought
Hawkes CV (2004) Effects of biological soil crusts on seed germination of four endangered herbs in a xeric Florida shrubland during drought. Plant Ecol 170:121- 134 In a south-central Florida rosemary shrubland, the effects of biological soil crusts on the germination of four small-seeded herbs (Eryngium cuneifolium, Hypericum cumulicola, Paronychia chartacea, and Polygonella basiramia) were studied using a series of greenhouse and field experiments. This study sought to determine propitious environmental conditions for the continued survival of these four federally endangered species and further develop our limited understanding of the effects of biological soil crusts on the germination of vascular plants. In the greenhouse experiment, three of the four species (Eryngium cuneifolium, Hypericum cumulicola, and Paronychia chartacea) showed significantly greater germination in pots with crust left intact than in pots with destroyed, or autoclaved crust. The other species (Polygonella basiramia) showed no significant difference in germination between the two treatments. In the field experiment, plots were established in which resident soil crusts were either left intact, flamed, or mechanically disturbed. To investigate the effects of time since fire and distance to dominant shrub (Florida rosemary, Ceratiola ericoides), plots were set-up in three ages of postfire and two distances from the dominant shrub (away and near). Seeds of all four species were disseminated in field plots and checked monthly for germination. One species, Hypericum cumulicola, showed significant levels of increased germination in plots with crust as opposed to burned or disturbed plots. Germination was low for all four herbs and each species showed a unique response to effects of soil crust disturbance, time since fire, and distance to C. -
The Natural Communities of South Carolina
THE NATURAL COMMUNITIES OF SOUTH CAROLINA BY JOHN B. NELSON SOUTH CAROLINA WILDLIFE & MARINE RESOURCES DEPARTMENT FEBRUARY 1986 INTRODUCTION The maintenance of an accurate inventory of a region's natural resources must involve a system for classifying its natural communities. These communities themselves represent identifiable units which, like individual plant and animal species of concern, contribute to the overall natural diversity characterizing a given region. This classification has developed from a need to define more accurately the range of natural habitats within South Carolina. From the standpoint of the South Carolina Nongame and Heritage Trust Program, the conceptual range of natural diversity in the state does indeed depend on knowledge of individual community types. Additionally, it is recognized that the various plant and animal species of concern (which make up a significant remainder of our state's natural diversity) are often restricted to single natural communities or to a number of separate, related ones. In some cases, the occurrence of a given natural community allows us to predict, with some confidence, the presence of specialized or endemic resident species. It follows that a reasonable and convenient method of handling the diversity of species within South Carolina is through the concept of these species as residents of a range of natural communities. Ideally, a nationwide classification system could be developed and then used by all the states. Since adjacent states usually share a number of community types, and yet may each harbor some that are unique, any classification scheme on a national scale would be forced to recognize the variation in a given community from state to state (or region to region) and at the same time to maintain unique communities as distinctive. -
Outplanting of the Endangered Pondberry
OUTPLANTING OF THE ENDANGERED PONDBERRY Margaret S. Devall, Nathan M. Schiff, and Stephanie A. Skojac1 Abstract—Pondberry [Lindera melissifolia (Walt) Blume, Lauraceae] is an endangered shrub that occurs in seasonally flooded wetlands in the Southeastern United States. We established new pondberry populations as an aid in conserving the species, whose distribution and abundance have been affected by habitat destruction and alteration. We dug equal numbers of young male and female pondberry stems from a natural population, planted them in pots, and translocated them to five protected locations in the field. After 1 year, 69 percent of the plants survived, with male and female plants surviving equally well. More than 90 percent of the surviving plants had stems that increased in height, although the height of the tallest stems decreased. Many of the plants produced new stems, but some older stems died during the year. Most of the present pondberry habitat is surrounded by agricultural fields, which significantly limits dispersal. This study shows that pondberry can be successfully outplanted, in efforts to assure survival of the species. INTRODUCTION Pondberry is dioecious, with small yellow flowers that bloom Pondberry [Lindera melissifolia (Walt) Blume, Lauraceae] is in spring. The plant usually occurs in clones with numerous a rare woody plant that occurs in seasonally flooded wet- stems, but because the species is clonal, colonies with lands and on the edges of sinks, ponds, and depressions abundant stems may contain few genets (genetic indivi- in the Southeastern United States (Radford and others duals) (Eriksson 1992, Oinonen 1967). Male stems out- 1968). The plant is a stoloniferous, clonal shrub that grows number female stems in most colonies, and some colonies to 2 m in height. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 3 0 0 North Z eeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 06-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9130509 Allozyme variation and evolution inPolygonella (Polygonaceae) Lewis, Paul Ollin, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1991 Copyright ©1991 by Lewis, Paul Ollin. -
Liatris Ohlingerae)
Scrub Blazingstar (Liatris ohlingerae) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation Photo: David Bender / USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region South Florida Ecological Services Field Office Vero Beach, Florida 5-YEAR REVIEW Scrub blazingstar / Liatris ohlingerae I. GENERAL INFORMATION A. Methodology used to complete the review: This review is based on monitoring reports, surveys, and other scientific information, augmented by conversations and comments from biologists familiar with scrub blazingstar. The review was conducted by the lead recovery biologist for the species in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), South Florida Ecological Services Field Office. Literature and documents used for this review are on file at the South Florida Ecological Services Field Office. All recommendations resulting from this review are a result of thoroughly analyzing the best available scientific information on the scrub blazingstar. Public notice of this review was given in the Federal Register on April 9, 2009, with a 60-day public comment period (74 FR 16230). No part of the review was contracted to an outside party. Comments received and suggestions from peer reviewers were evaluated and incorporated as appropriate (see Appendix A). B. Reviewers Lead Region: Southeast Region, Kelly Bibb, 404-679-7132 Lead Field Office: South Florida Ecological Services Field Office, David Bender, 772-562- 3909 C. Background 1. Federal Register Notice citation announcing initiation of this review: April 9, 2009. 74 FR 16230. 2. Species status: (2009 Recovery Data Call). Florida Natural Areas Inventory has 91 extant occurrence records, 62 of which are protected on 23 managed areas. Fire suppression and habitat loss continue to be threats to occurrences on private land, except those owned by Archbold Biological Station and The Nature Conservancy.