Tes 3 the Mother of All Bombs
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75 Nigel Coates 3 The Mother of all Bombs Freya Wigzell 8 The people here think I’m out of my mind Kristina Jaspers 20 The Adam’s Family Store Claire Zimmerman 28 Albert Kahn in the Second Industrial Revolution Laila Seewang 45 Ernst Litfaß and the Trickle-Down Effect Roberta Marcaccio 59 The Hero of Doubt Rebecca Siefert 71 Lauretta Vinciarelli, Illuminated Shantel Blakely 86 Solid Vision, or Mr Gropius Builds his Dream House Thomas Daniell 98 In Conversation with Shin Takamatsu Francesco Zuddas 119 The Idea of the Università Joanna Merwood-Salisbury 132 This is not a Skyscraper Victor Plahte Tschudi 150 Piranesi, Failed Photographer Francisco González de Canales 152 Eladio and the Whale Ross Anderson 163 The Appian Way Salomon Frausto 183 Sketches of a Utopian Pessimist Theo Crosby 189 The Painter as Designer Marco Biraghi 190 Poelzig and the Golem Zoë Slutzky 202 Dino Buzzati’s Ideal House 206 Contributors 75 224674_AA_75_interior.indd 1 22/11/2017 09:54 aa Files The contents of aa Files are derived from the activities Architectural Association of the Architectural Association School of Architecture. 36 Bedford Square Founded in 1847, the aa is the uk’s only independent London wc1b 3es school of architecture, offering undergraduate, t +44 (0)20 7887 4000 postgraduate and research degrees in architecture and f +44 (0)20 7414 0782 related fields. In addition, the Architectural Association aaschool.ac.uk is an international membership organisation, open to anyone with an interest in architecture. Publisher The Architectural Association For Further Information Visit aaschool.ac.uk Editorial Board or contact the Admissions Office Mark Cousins aa School of Architecture George L Legendre 36 Bedford Square Joanna Merwood-Salisbury London wc1b 3es Irénée Scalbert Martino Stierli The Architectural Association (Inc) is a Registered (Educational) Charity No 311083 Editor and a Company limited by guarantee Thomas Weaver Registered in England No 171402 Registered office as above aa Publications Editor Pamela Johnston aa Members can access a black-and-white and/or larger-print version of specific printed items through the aa website Technical Editor (aaschool.ac.uk) or by contacting the aa Membership Office Sarah Handelman ([email protected]/+44 (0)20 7887 4076) For the audio infoline, please call +44 (0)20 7887 4111 Editorial Assistant Clare Barrett A Note on the Display Initials Design In the late 1950s an American manufacturer called the Burroughs John Morgan studio Corporation worked with the Federal Reserve Bank to develop the E13B type font – a tiny set of numbers printed in magnetic No 75, 2017 Contents ink at the bottom of a cheque, readable by automatic sorters. © Architectural Association ‘Where once the cheque was used merely to transfer funds from and the Authors one account to another, it will soon become the chief vehicle for transmitting all the vital information required throughout issn 0261-6823 an entire banking or accounting system’, stated the Burroughs isbn 978-1-907896-94-1 Corporation in its 1959 address to shareholders. Discussing the font in the December 1960 issue of the Printed in England Architectural Association Journal (aaJ) devoted to his work, by Pureprint Group the painter and type designer Edward Wright dryly noted that ‘the Romans would have found some of our typefaces which aa Files is published twice a year are derived from their own alphabet quite incomprehensible’. Subscription for two issues And yet while E13B was in production, Wright himself had been (including postage & packing) participating in the communication of something similarly uk £32 (students £27) unfathomable – a font for Alison and Peter Smithson’s House Overseas £33 (students £28) of the Future, shown in the 1956 Daily Mail Ideal Home Single issues: £15 exhibition. This house, however, was no home, nor even an (plus postage & packing) architectural project, but a simulation, projecting 20 years Back issues are available forward into a life where housework was automated and technology completely integrated. In the harshly lit reality of aaschool.ac.uk/aafiles the Olympia Exhibition Centre, this future was also entirely hand-made, built of plywood and plaster. Wright contributed to these same artisanal qualities in his own hand-drawn typeface projected onto the facade. The letters are slabby yet seductive, hi-tech yet kitsch. The display letters in this issue, drawn as ever by Adrien Vasquez from the John Morgan studio (and appearing in a short homily to Wright by architect Theo Crosby and in the essay by Salomon Frausto) are a remaking of Wright’s design. Like his letterface, Wright himself displayed certain incongruities. A South American born in Liverpool, he was packed off to public school before studying architecture at the Bartlett and typography under George Adams. Like his friend Crosby, Wright’s life straddled hemispheres and was ‘full of contradictions’, wrote Brian Housden in his aaJ profile. ‘It seems to be that the world appears to him full of opposites and these can only be contained in something as tortuous as a labyrinth’ – or as enigmatic as the future. 224674_AA_75_interior.indd 2 22/11/2017 09:54 Lauretta Vinciarelli, Illuminated Rebecca Siefert Lauretta Vinciarelli, The Subway Series, 1988 Courtesy Peter Rowe 224674_AA_75_interior.indd 71 22/11/2017 09:59 The luminous, haunting paintings of the artist and teacher: one of the first women hired York – was a common point of departure for Italian-born artist and architect Lauretta to teach architecture studio courses at Pratt architects of the 1960s and 1970s. But what made Vinciarelli (1943–2011) are saturated with colour, Institute (1975), Columbia University (1978) and Vinciarelli’s own interrogation of the grid light and memories. Largely autobiographical, the City College of New York (1985). novel was the way she highlighted its subversive her works recall her childhood in Rome and Vinciarelli’s work at this time was rooted in potential, exposing rifts in its ostensibly the nearby small town of Gradoli, as well as her a deep dissatisfaction with high modernism impenetrable forms, which she described as adopted homes in Southwest Texas and New and its corruption by the forces of real-estate ‘mute’, without even the mere ‘suggestion of York City. Vinciarelli’s early watercolours, from speculation and corporate practice. Shifting the meaning’, as a result of the homogeneity of each the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, are especially emphasis away from building and towards square.9 ‘To allow the grid to produce meaning representational yet surreal, devoid of human history, theory and, especially, drawing, was for (or ‘‘speak’’, as it were), you have to introduce presence and obliquely referencing the her a means to usher in a less exploitative role points of “difference”’, she said – and this was architecture of ancient Rome. She drew for architecture. Others shared her view. In the basis for her Non-Homogenous Grid series. inspiration from the city’s ‘uniquely magnifi- London, the turn to paper projects arrived early Vinciarelli’s focus on drawing was thus neither cent spaces’, such as the Pantheon and Santa (and with a pop culture bent) at the Architec- a historicist move nor a purely formalist or even Sabina, which she appreciated for their ‘magic tural Association, in the work of the members theoretical gambit, but rather an amalgam light’ and ‘simple, powerful shapes’.1 From of Archigram, who were students in the 1950s. of these trends intended as critique. In this way, the beam of light streaming in from the oculus By the late 1970s, of course, the aa faculty was her early works on paper reflected her back- of the domed Roman temple to the rows a veritable ‘who’s who’ of architectural drawing ground in architecture, but they also correlated of archways that pierce the nave of the early and theory: Charles Jencks lectured on semiot- with the ubiquity of the grid in minimal and Christian basilica where Vinciarelli’s father ics, and Elia Zhenghelis, Bernard Tschumi, conceptual art. And it was these works on paper played the organ, these places fuelled her Peter Cook, Joseph Rykwert, Daniel Libeskind, that would later arouse the interest of the artist exploration of the dynamics of openness and Rem Koolhaas and Zaha Hadid taught design Donald Judd, with whom Vinciarelli was enclosure, light and shadow, tangibility and studio. In New York, the turn to drawings was involved both professionally and romantically ephemerality. Over time, these representational reflected in MOMa’s influential 1975 exhibition, from about 1976 to 1987. vistas gave way to increasingly abstract visions ‘The Architecture of the École des Beaux-Arts’, An iconic figure in minimalist art, Judd has in which the standard signs of architecture were curated by Arthur Drexler, and in the opening also been celebrated for his own architectural reduced to radiant planes of colour – a dichot- of Max Protetch’s gallery in Chelsea in 1978, interventions, notably in Marfa, Texas, on the omy of believable yet inaccessible space that which showed drawings by architects such as abandoned army base purchased by the Dia prompted the historian K Michael Hays to Aldo Rossi, Frank Gehry and John Hejduk, as Art Foundation in 1971 to provide a permanent dub her work ‘not architecture but evidence that well as in the exhibitions programme at Peter home for both his art installations and those it exists’.2 Eisenman’s influential Institute of Architecture by a number of his contemporaries. Scholarship Indeed, before she became a watercolourist, and Urban Studies (where Vinciarelli was the on this aspect of his work began with the Vinciarelli trained as an architect, earning her first and only woman granted a solo exhibition, publication of a compilation of his writings, doctorate in architecture and urban planning in 1978).