DOCSLIB.ORG

Anspruch Und Wirklichkeit Der Südafrikanischen Landreform 1994 Œ 2001

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anspruch Und Wirklichkeit Der Südafrikanischen Landreform 1994 Œ 2001 Arbeitspapiere zu Problemen der Internationalen Politik und der Entwicklungsländerforschung Christian von Soest Anspruch und Wirklichkeit der südafrikanischen Landreform 1994 œ 2001 Nr. 33/2002 FORSCHUNGSSTELLE DRITTE WELT am Geschwister-Scholl-Institut für Politische Wissenschaft der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 2 (erausgeber: Mir A. Ferdowsi und Peter J. Opitz Christian von Soest Anspruch und Wirklichkeit der südafrikanischen Landreform 1994 bis 2001 Nr.33/2002 ISSN 1430-6794 Oettingenstraße 67, 80538 München, Telefon (089) 2180- 9094/9099 3 .nhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung..................................................................................................................5 1.1 Problemstellung.................................................................................................5 1.2 Aufbau der Arbeit...............................................................................................8 1.3 Forschungsstand und Literaturlage ...................................................................9 2 Konzeptionelle Grundlagen der Landreform...........................................................11 2.1 Verschiedene Formen der Landnutzung .........................................................11 2.2 Ziele der Landreform .......................................................................................17 2.3 Einfluss der Weltbank auf die Landreform.......................................................20 2.4 Die drei Elemente der Landreform...................................................................22 2.5 Integrierte Entwicklung für ländliche Gebiete...................................................36 2.6 Ergebnis: Die Konzeption der Landreform.......................................................40 3 Umsetzung und Auswirkungen der Landreform .....................................................42 3.1 Quantitative Umsetzung, Finanzierung und Steuerung der Landreform..........42 3.2 Verarmte ländliche Bevölkerung......................................................................52 3.3 Aufstrebende Vollzeitfarmer ............................................................................74 3.4 Großfarmen .....................................................................................................81 3.5 Einflüsse auf die Landreform...........................................................................90 4 Zusammenfassung.................................................................................................96 4.1 Grad der Umverteilung ....................................................................................96 4.2 Bedeutung der Landreform..............................................................................99 4.3 Marktorientierte Umverteilung und Rolle des Staates....................................101 4.4 Ausblick .........................................................................................................103 Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis............................................................................105 1 Quellen .............................................................................................................105 2 Literatur ............................................................................................................107 3 Internet .............................................................................................................112 4 Zeitungen..........................................................................................................113 Dipl. journ. Christian von Soest, geb. 1975 in Kassel, ist Absolvent der 36. Lehrredaktion der Deutschen Journalistenschule in München und studierte Journalistik auf Diplom (Kommunikationswissenschaft, Politikwissenschaft und Verfassungsrecht) an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Die vorliegende Untersuchung wurde dort als Diplomabschlussarbeit eingereicht. 4 Danksagung: Ich möchte mich bei den Betreuern meiner Diplomarbeit, Herrn Prof. Dr. Gerhard Grohs und Herrn PD Dr. Mir A. Ferdowsi, ganz herzlich für Ihre Unterstützung und wertvolle Hinweise bedanken. Hans G. Nagl und Janis Vougioukas haben die Mühe auf sich genommen und die Arbeit gegengelesen. Ihre Anmerkungen und Kritik haben mir sehr geholfen. Dafür bin ich beiden sehr dankbar. Christian von Soest 5 1 Einleitung 1.1 Problemstellung Im Mai 2000 besetzten in Simbabwe Tausende Menschen unter der Führung von so genannten Kriegsveteranen gewaltsam Farmen, die sich im Besitz von Weißen befanden. Durch die Ermutigung des Präsidenten Mugabe wurde die Landnahme von über 1700 Farmen praktisch für legal erklärt. 1 Die Farmen blieben besetzt und die Regierung führt die Politik der kurzfristigen und entschädigungslosen Enteignungen nun sogar offiziell durch. 95 Prozent des weißen Farmbesitzes sollen entzogen werden. 2 Die Erfahrung in Simbabwe zeigt, dass eine geordnete und rechtmäßige Landreform zu den schwierigsten politischen Problemen in denen Ländern gehört, in denen aus historischen Gründen eine reiche Großgrundbesitzerschicht entstanden ist, die einer großen Zahl von Landarbeitern, Pächtern und Kleinbauern gegenübersteht, die unter einem Mangel an bebaubarem Land leiden. Der Vorgänge sorgten für weltweites Aufsehen und wurden auch im Nachbarland Südafrika kontrovers diskutiert. Droht Südafrika ein zweites Simbabwe zu werden? Diese Frage beschäftigte das Land an der Südspitze Afrikas. Schließlich sind die Böden in Südafrika als Folge der Apartheid ebenfalls äußerst ungleich verteilt. Der Blick wandte sich auf den Fortgang der eigenen Landreform. Sie wurde von der seit 1994 regierenden Befreiungsbewegung African National Congress (ANC) initiiert und versucht œ im Gegensatz zu Simbabwe œ durch Marktinstrumente und Rechtssicherheit zum Erfolg zu kommen. Allgemein ist das Ziel der Reform, mehr schwarzen Südafrikanern Land zur Bewirtschaftung und zur Besiedelung zu verschaffen. Die Landreform kann als Beispiel für die Umverteilungspolitik der ANC- Regierung 3 angesehen werden. Unter Umverteilungspolitik werden alle 1 Vgl. Vogel, Artur K./Grill, Bartholomäus: Mugabes wahres Gesicht. In: Die Zeit vom 06.09.2001, S. 10. 2 Vgl. Bittorf, Susanne: Ein Land vor dem Ruin. Der Feldzug gegen die weißen Farmer hat Simbabwe wirtschaftlich und politisch ins Chaos gestürzt. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung vom 21.02.2002, S. 2. Ausführliche Darstellung in Moore, David: Is the Land the Economy and the Economy the Land? Primitive Accumulation in Zimbabwe. In: Journal of Contemporary African Studies 19 (2001) 2, S. 253-266 und Cousins, Ben: Zim crisis: Our wake-up Call. In: Mail & Guardian vom 05.05.2000. Stand: 11.12.2001, (http:// www.sn.apc.org/wmail/issues/000505/NEWS63.html). 3 Aufgrund der Dominanz des African National Congress (bei den Parlamentswahlen 1999 erhielt die Organisation 66,4 Prozent der abgegebenen Stimmen) wird in dieser Arbeit von ‚ANC-Regierung— gesprochen. Gleichwohl gilt es zu beachten, dass der ANC von 1994 bis 1996 mit der New National Party eine Regierung der Nationalen Einheit gebildet hat. Seit 1996 ist die Inkatha Freedom Party alleiniger Koalitionspartner des ANC. Augenblicklich kommt es zu einer neuen Verbindung mit der New National 6 aßnahmen der Sozial- und Wirtschaftspolitik zur Besserstellung von sozial Benachteiligten verstanden. 4 Dieser Aufgabe kommt in Südafrika auf Grund der durch die Apartheid hervorgerufenen politischen, sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Diskriminierung von Schwarzen eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Das Erkenntnisinteresse dieser Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Erfolg der Umverteilungspolitik. Die Ausgangsfrage lautet: Ist die Landreform der südafrikanischen ANC-Regierung geeignet, um dem verarmten Teil der Bevölkerung zu besseren Lebensbedingungen zu verhelfen? Der Untersuchungszeitraum von 1994 bis 2001 umfasst die gesamte bisherige Regierungszeit des ANC. Die Untersuchung der Landreform als Beispiel der Umverteilungspolitik macht aus drei Gründen Sinn: Erstens ist die Armut in ländlichen Gebieten am größten, da Schwarze nach der Apartheid-Doktrin der ‚getrennten Entwicklung— kein Aufenthaltsrecht in ‚weißen— Städten besaßen und zwangsweise in Schwarzen-Reservate umgesiedelt wurden. Der entscheidende Schritt zur wirtschaftlichen Entrechtung von Schwarzen im Hinblick auf den Landbesitz wurde im Jahr 1913 mit dem Natives Land Act 5 getan. Schwarze Südafrikaner durften nach diesem Gesetz Flächen nur noch innerhalb der Reservate besitzen oder pachten. Gleichzeitig wurden die schwarzen Landbesitzer in den übrigen Gebieten enteignet und damit ‚... die koloniale Landnahme der Weißen in Südafrika besiegelt.— 6 Als zweites entscheidendes Gesetz zum Landbesitz von Schwarzen wurde 1936 der Native Trust and Land Act verabschiedet. Kernpunkt war die Gründung des South African Native Trust (1978 zynischerweise in South African Development Trust umbenannt), der als staatliche Gesellschaft Land von weißen Farmern aufkaufen sollte, um die Flächen der den Schwarzen vorbehaltenen Reservate zu vergrößern. Eine zusätzliche Bedeutung bekam das Gesetz durch anschließende Enteignungen von Schwarzen außerhalb der Reservate. Die beiden wichtigsten Regelungen zum Ausschluss von Landbesitz Party . Vgl. dazu Merten, Marianne: Nats jostle for Cabinet Posts. In: Mail & Guardian vom 30.11.2001. Stand: 07.02.2002, (http://www.sn.apc.org/wmail/issues/011130/OTHER98.html). 4 Eine rechtliche Besserstellung von historisch Benachteiligten (zum Beispiel von Farmarbeitern) ist damit ebenfalls Teil der Umverteilungspolitik. 5 Eine Darstellung der Apartheid-Gesetze findet
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Volume 30 2003 Issue 96
    Review of African Political Economy No.96:181-186 © ROAPE Publications Ltd., 2003 ISSN 0305-6244 War & the Forgotten Continent Rita Abrahamsen & Ray Bush As US and UK military forces invade Iraq the death of innocents in the Middle East will be added to those dying from AIDS, famine and preventable illness in Africa. The waging of war at any time, when not sanctioned by international law and the victims pose no threat to neighbours or invaders, is monstrous. It is even more so as US and UK resources are diverted towards the aims of death and destruction when millions in Africa are starving to death. In Iraq itself, the British Overseas Aid Group (Oxfam, Cafod, Christian Aid, Action Aid and Save the Children) warns of the humanitarian consequences of war in a country where more than 16 million are entirely dependent upon food aid. There has been little concern for the lives of those to be affected by military conflict as preparation to relieve the humanitarian disaster has taken second place to the creation of that disaster. The US will spend $12.5 billion a month on the war although it has offered $65 million to provide help with immediate humanitarian assistance. And when it is time for the reconstruction of Iraq, the US will offer only $50 million of a possible $1.5 billion to NGOs and the UN for the process – the rest goes to US companies, including those close to White House officials (The Guardian, 18 March 2003). Meanwhile in Africa 40 million need famine and food relief.
    [Show full text]
  • 196 Chapter Seven Housing Policy in South
    CHAPTER SEVEN HOUSING POLICY IN SOUTH AFRICA 7.1 Introduction “Policy” is a form of government commitment and application of “scientific knowledge” to achieve goals in areas of its activities or to solve problems (Colebatch 1998:1-4; Moodie 1984:23-4). From a Marxist viewpoint, policy- makers in capitalist society are not free agents, they make policy in terms of the constraints of the capitalist nature of social relations and the economy (Callinicos 1984:131; Colebatch 1998:6, 16). Although soliciting experts from outside of government, there may be processes also effectively excluding the involvement of certain groups (Colebatch 1998:18-22). Policy is tied to the “politics” of persuading voters and legislators about certain decisions, and how interest groups, such as low-income classes, ethnic groups, or even housing associations for poorer classes, influence state power in the use of society’s resources (Callinicos 1984:132; Colebatch 1998:73-4). An extension thereof is what Rein and Schön (1993) call a “policy discourse” as an approach to making sense of certain policies, because the affected social agents frame or see the world differently. It “refer[s] to the interactions of individuals, interest groups, social movements, and institutions through which problematic situations are converted to policy problems, agendas are set, decisions are made, and actions are taken” (Rein and Schön 1993:145). This includes the systems of values, preferences, norms and ideas, by which affected parties make sense of an issue, and how to act on it. Unequal power relations are part of this because sometimes there are factors which marginalise and question the legitimacy of some of the participants in the policy conversation (Rein & Schön 1993:157).
    [Show full text]
  • The Many Faces of Human Security
    The Many Faces of Human Security Case Studies of Seven Countries in Southern Africa EDITED BY KEITH MULOONGO, ROGER KIBASOMBA AND JEMIMA NJERI KARIRI This research was made possible through the generous funding of the Royal Danish government through their embassy in South Africa www.issafrica.org © 2005, Institute for Security Studies All rights reserved Copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in the Institute for Security Studies, and no part may be reproduced in whole or part without the express permission, in writing, of both the authors and the publishers. The opinions expressed in this book do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute, its Trustees, members of the ISS Council, or donors. Authors contribute to ISS publications in their personal capacity. ISBN: 1-919913-88-2 First published by the Institute for Security Studies PO Box 1787, Brooklyn Square 0075 Pretoria, South Africa Cover photo: PictureNet Cover design and layout: Marketing Support Services Printers: Business Print Centre CONTENTS Preface v Abbreviations vii List of tables and figures xiii Introduction 1 PART I: POVERTY AND HUMAN SECURITY CHAPTER ONE Human security, popular participation and poverty reduction in Zambia 7 Dr Fredrick Mutesa and Wilma Nchito PART II: MULTIPARTY POLITICS AND HUMAN SECURITY CHAPTER TWO Zanzibar: Conflict resolution and human security in the 2005 elections 39 Professor Gaudens P Mpangala and Dr Jonathan M K Lwehabura CHAPTER THREE Individual confidence and personal security in the 2005 Zimbabwean elections 97 Michael M Mataure
    [Show full text]
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Edinburgh Research Explorer Edinburgh Research Explorer Continuity, Change and Crisis Citation for published version: Cooper Knock, SJ 2016, 'Continuity, Change and Crisis: Mapping South Africa’s Political Terrain', Journal of Southern African Studies, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 149-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2016.1133176 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1080/03057070.2016.1133176 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Journal of Southern African Studies General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 11. May. 2020 Continuity, change, and crisis: mapping South Africa's political terrain Beresford, A. (2015).South Africa’s Political Crisis: Unfinished liberation and fractured class struggles. Palgrave Macmillan: Hampshire. ISBN: 978-1-137-43659-7. Pp.1-179. Cornell, D. (2014). Law and revolution in South Africa: uBuntu, dignity, and the struggle for constitutional transformation. Fordham University Press. ISBN: 978-0-8232-5758-4 pp.1-208.
    [Show full text]
  • Many Faces of SADC.Indd
    The Many Faces of Human Security Case Studies of Seven Countries in Southern Africa EDITED BY KEITH MULOONGO, ROGER KIBASOMBA AND JEMIMA NJERI KARIRI This research was made possible through the generous funding of the Royal Danish government through their embassy in South Africa www.issafrica.org © 2005, Institute for Security Studies All rights reserved Copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in the Institute for Security Studies, and no part may be reproduced in whole or part without the express permission, in writing, of both the authors and the publishers. The opinions expressed in this book do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute, its Trustees, members of the ISS Council, or donors. Authors contribute to ISS publications in their personal capacity. ISBN: 1-919913-88-2 First published by the Institute for Security Studies PO Box 1787, Brooklyn Square 0075 Pretoria, South Africa Cover photo: PictureNet Cover design and layout: Marketing Support Services Printers: Business Print Centre CONTENTS Preface v Abbreviations vii List of tables and figures xiii Introduction 1 PART I: POVERTY AND HUMAN SECURITY CHAPTER ONE Human security, popular participation and poverty reduction in Zambia 7 Dr Fredrick Mutesa and Wilma Nchito PART II: MULTIPARTY POLITICS AND HUMAN SECURITY CHAPTER TWO Zanzibar: Conflict resolution and human security in the 2005 elections 39 Professor Gaudens P Mpangala and Dr Jonathan M K Lwehabura CHAPTER THREE Individual confidence and personal security in the 2005 Zimbabwean elections 97 Michael M Mataure
    [Show full text]
  • 296 CHAPTER EIGHT the RIGHT to HOUSING in GAUTENG PROVINCE 8.1 Introduction in Rights Discourse the Hegemonic Position Is That S
    CHAPTER EIGHT THE RIGHT TO HOUSING IN GAUTENG PROVINCE 8.1 Introduction In rights discourse the hegemonic position is that state delivery capacities, actions and processes are vital to the realisation particularly of socio-economic rights. Since the rationalisation of the plethora of housing departments, and the devolution of this authority to provincial authorities, the Housing White Paper identifies the respective responsibilities of provincial and local authorities to deliver housing, within the framework of national policy. In Berger and Luckman’s (1966:79-82) approach to the social construction of reality and how ordinary people develop a knowledge of how society is kept together, the institutions which humans create tend to develop a life of their own and humans are socialised into an acceptance of “this is how things are done”. The institutional world is legitimated by explanations and justifications of its mechanisms, and this has a social control effect which restricts deviance; language plays a key role in the legitimation of institutions. But humans are not always such oversocialised beings that passively accept dominant norms and perspectives about the operation of institutions; Foucault’s notion of discourse and the insurrection of subjugated knowledge is about political practice, intervention, challenging, and practicising power (Dant 1991:129-131; Foucault 1988:109). In this chapter, I discuss the workings of institutions involved with realising housing rights, the language they use to explain and legitimise their actions
    [Show full text]
  • Government Gazette Staatskoerant REPUBLIC of SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA
    Government Gazette Staatskoerant REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA April Vol. 634 Pretoria, 26 2018 April No. 41591 LEGAL NOTICES A WETLIKE KENNISGEWINGS ISSN 1682-5843 N.B. The Government Printing Works will 41591 not be held responsible for the quality of “Hard Copies” or “Electronic Files” submitted for publication purposes 9 771682 584003 AIDS HELPLINE: 0800-0123-22 Prevention is the cure 2 No. 41591 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 26 APRIL 2018 IMPORTANT NOTICE: THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING WORKS WILL NOT BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ERRORS THAT MIGHT OCCUR DUE TO THE SUBMISSION OF INCOMPLETE / INCORRECT / ILLEGIBLE COPY. NO FUTURE QUERIES WILL BE HANDLED IN CONNECTION WITH THE ABOVE. Table of Contents LEGAL NOTICES BUSINESS NOTICES • BESIGHEIDSKENNISGEWINGS Gauteng ....................................................................................................................................... 12 KwaZulu-Natal ................................................................................................................................ 13 LIQUIDATOR’S AND OTHER APPOINTEES’ NOTICES LIKWIDATEURS EN ANDER AANGESTELDES SE KENNISGEWINGS Gauteng ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Free State / Vrystaat ........................................................................................................................ 15 KwaZulu-Natal ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Development Section Prelims
    Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Published by HSRC Press Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa www.hsrcpress.ac.za © 2006 Human Sciences Research Council First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN 0-7969-2123-7 Copyedited by Laurie Rose-Innes Design and typesetting by Christabel Hardacre Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Cover by Elize Schultz, cover artwork by Ros Stockhall Print management by comPress Distributed in Africa by Blue Weaver Marketing and Distribution PO Box 30370, Tokai, Cape Town, 7966, South Africa Tel: +27 +21 701-4477 Fax: +27 +21 701-7302 email: [email protected] Distributed worldwide, except Africa, by Independent Publishers Group 814 North Franklin Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA www.ipgbook.com To order, call toll-free: 1-800-888-4741 All other inquiries, Tel: +1 +312-337-0747 Fax: +1 +312-337-5985 email: [email protected] Contents List of tables and figures vi Abbreviations and acronyms x 1 Development discourses in post-apartheid South Africa 1 Vishnu Padayachee Section 1 Contemporary debates in a global context 2 Post-apartheid developments in historical and comparative perspective 13 Gillian Hart 3 Development theories, knowledge production and emancipatory practice 33 Dani Wadada Nabudere Section 2 Macroeconomic
    [Show full text]
  • BEYOND NEOLIBERALISM? Post-Apartheid Developments in Historical & Comparative Perspective
    Forthcoming in V. Padayachee (editor) The Development Decade? Economic and Social Change in South Africa 1994-2004 Pretoria: HSRC Press BEYOND NEOLIBERALISM? Post-Apartheid Developments in Historical & Comparative Perspective Gillian Hart* Introduction Political liberation in South Africa in the early 1990s coincided with the zenith of market triumphalism, the death of post-war “Developmentalism,” the end of the cold war, and confident declarations of the “end of history.” Over the past 10 years, the global picture has shifted quite dramatically. The World Bank and other agencies have retreated from the harsh neoliberal prescriptions of the Washington Consensus in favour of kinder, gentler, discourses of social inclusion and poverty alleviation that are reminiscent in some ways of the decade of “Basic Needs” in the 1970s. With the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq we are also witnessing the resurgence of a virulent form of American imperialism, framed in terms of liberal civilizing missions, regime-change and nation-building, and projects of reconstruction and “development” spearheaded by Bechtel and Halliburton – along with the wholesale plunder of Iraqi resources. Significant – if less dramatic – shifts have also taken place over the past decade in South Africa. The move from the neo-Keynesian RDP to GEAR appears in retrospect as a sort of belated replay of the death of Developmentalism that accompanied the neoliberal counterrevolution in the early 1980s. The 2004 election also heralded a series of policy shifts that signify a retreat
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 34 2007 Issue
    Review of African Political Economy No.111:5-11 © ROAPE Publications Ltd., 2007 Another World is Possible Branwen Gruffydd Jones with Janet Bujra & Roy Love As 2007 opens, the world’s attention is predominantly focused on the worsening crisis and imperialist violence in Iraq and now, too, Somalia. In both cases, the current context has roots in the contradictions of the Cold War, when the Western powers supported and armed authoritarian regimes (including, during the 1980s, those of Siyad Barre in Somalia and Saddam Hussain in Iraq) and proxy forces (including the CIA-recruited Islamist ‘mujahideen’ which later formed the basis for al -Qaida) in the name of ‘containment’. Now in the era of the ‘War on Terrorism’ the same imperial logics are reproduced, as imperialist intervention reinforces and arms reactionary, sectarian and authoritarian forces. This may be seen as the other side of a coin on which the face value is the long-term promotion of neo-liberal ‘freedoms’ across the globe. The immediate nature of the crisis in the Horn of Africa, particularly in Sudan and Somalia, has distracted attention from this underlying agenda in which the condition of Africa had acquired a more prominent place in public discourse in the West, especially after the campaigns and debates surrounding Blair’s Commission for Africa and the G8 summit meeting in Scotland in 2005. These events had prompted considerable public debate in Western media which was reflected in a series of articles about Africa published in non-Africanist journals in politics and international
    [Show full text]
  • Wage Income, Migrant Labour and Livelihoods Beyond the Rural-Urban Divide in Post-Apartheid South Africa: a Case of Dunlop Durban Factory Workers
    WAGE INCOME, MIGRANT LABOUR AND LIVELIHOODS BEYOND THE RURAL-URBAN DIVIDE IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA: A CASE OF DUNLOP DURBAN FACTORY WORKERS by SITHEMBISO BHENGU Thesis Presented for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Industrial, Organisational and Labour Studies UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL November 2014 DECLARATION I, Sithembiso Bhengu declare that this thesis is my own unaided and original research, except where referenced and indicated otherwise. The thesis is my own work, both in concept and execution, apart from the normal guidance from my supervisor. It has not been submitted for a degree at any other university. Signature: ______________________________________ ____________________ day of ___________________________2014 i DEDICATION To my dad, who went to be with the Lord on 20 May 2012 To Dunlop workers and worker leaders, especially the late Bombshell Khumalo, Elphias Buthelezi and Bongani Mkhungo. In memory of Nathaniel Matiwane. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I want to acknowledge and give praise, honour and worship to God for His goodness and unmerited favour towards me throughout the duration of the research endeavour. Truly, all the glory belongs to you Lord and this piece of work is testimony that “with God all things are possible” (Matthew 19:26). There are a myriad of people I would like to acknowledge and show my gratitude to for their variable contribution and support throughout the process of writing this thesis. Firstly, I would like to acknowledge Ari Sitas, my supervisor. You have been a true supporter and mentor in this intellectual journey. I also want to acknowledge Gillian Hart and David Szanton for their mentoring and supervisory support over the past seven years.
    [Show full text]
  • Axing the Rainbow: Does Fallism Reconfigure …
    Irina Turner: AXING THE RAINBOW: DOES FALLISM RECONFIGURE … AXING THE RAINBOW: DOES FALLISM RECONFIGURE POST- APARTHEID NATIONHOOD IN SOUTH AFRICA? Irina Turner Abstract: Today, the Rainbow Nation as the central metaphor for post- apartheid South Africa falls short of serving as a unifying identification marker due to its tendency to gloss over contrasting living realities of diversified identities and ongoing systemic discrimination. The South African Fallism movements – the student-driven protests against neo- colonial structures in academic institutions – spearheaded public criticism with the current state of ongoing social disparity in South Africa and revived the critique of so-called rainbowism, i.e., the belief that a colour-blind society can be created. In an application of Critical Discourse Analysis focusing on mythical metaphors, this article asks to what extent the new president Cyril Ramaphosa in his maiden State of the Nation Address projected a post-Zuma South African nation and answered to the challenges posed by Fallists. Keywords: South Africa, national myth, rainbow nation, Ramaphosa, fallism Introduction: Fallism, Ramaphosa and a shattered Rainbow Today, the concept of the Rainbow Nation, the central metaphor for post-apartheid South Africa, falls short of serving as a broadly acknowledged identity marker. In essence, the concept’s validity expired due to its implied impetus to downplay the existence of contrasting living realities from diversified identities, thus glossing over sustained systemic discrimination and
    [Show full text]