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Indian Police Law Enforcement in India

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Indian Police The Police force in the country is entrusted with the responsibility of maintenance of public order and prevention and detection of crimes. Public order and police being state subjects under the Constitution, police is maintained and controlled by States. The Police force in State is headed by the Director General of Police/Inspector General of Police. State is divided into convenient territorial divisions called ranges and each police range is under the administrative control of a Deputy Inspector General of Police. A number of districts constitute the range. District police is further sub-divided into police divisions, circles and police-stations. Besides the civil police, states also maintain their own armed police and have separate intelligence Branches, crime branches, etc. Police set up in big cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangaluru, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Nagpur, Pune, etc. is directly under a Commissioner of Police who enjoys magisterial powers. All senior police posts in various States are manned by the Indian Police Service (IPS) cadres, recruitment to which is made on All-India basis. The Central Government maintains Central Police forces, Intelligence Bureau (IB), Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Institutions for training of police officers and forensic science institutions to assist the states in gathering intelligence, in maintaining law and order, in investigating special crime cases and in providing raining to the senior police officers of the State governments Law enforcement in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Law enforcement in India by numerous law enforcement agencies. Like many federal structures, the nature of the Constitution of India mandates law and order as a subject of the state, therefore the bulk of the policing lies with the respective states and territories of India. At the federal level, the many agencies are part of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, and support the states in their duties. Larger cities also operate metropolitan police forces, under respective state governments. All senior police officers in the state police forces, as well as those in the federal agencies, are members of the Indian Police Service (IPS) and Indian Revenue Service (IRS), one of the civil services. Contents [hide] 1 Central (federal) agencies o 1.1 Ministry of Home Affairs o 1.2 Central Armed Police Forces . 1.2.1 Border Security Force . 1.2.2 Central Industrial Security Force . 1.2.3 Central Reserve Police Force . 1.2.4 Indo-Tibetan Border Police . 1.2.5 National Security Guards . 1.2.6 Railway Protection Force . 1.2.7 Special Protection Group . 1.2.8 Sashastra Seema Bal /SSB o 1.3 Central investigation and intelligence institutions . 1.3.1 Central Bureau of Investigations . 1.3.2 Indian Income-tax Department . 1.3.3 Directorate of Revenue Intelligence . 1.3.4 National Investigation Agency . 1.3.5 Narcotics Control Bureau . 1.3.6 Bureau of Police Research & Development (BPR&D) . 1.3.7 National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) o 1.4 Central forensic institutions . 1.4.1 Central Forensic Science Laboratory . 1.4.2 National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Sciences (NICFSC) 2 State police o 2.1 Organization o 2.2 Metropolitan police o 2.3 Traffic Police o 2.4 State Armed Police Forces 3 Selection and Training 4 Transport 5 Weapons and equipment 6 Encounter Squads 7 See also 8 References [edit] Central (federal) agencies Indira Gandhi International Airport and all other airports are guarded by personnel of the Central Industrial Security Force An armored vehicle of the Mumbai Police Force. After the recent attack on Mumbai all metropolitan police which are under the command of the Central Government have paramilitary type forces affiliated with them Quick Reaction Commando Force of the Mumbai police Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh protected by Special Protections Group The federal police are controlled by the central Government of India. The majority of federal law enforcement agencies are controlled by the Ministry of Home Affairs. The head of each of the federal law enforcement agencies is always an Indian Police Service (IPS). The constitution assigns responsibility for maintaining law and order to the states and territories, and almost all routine policing--including apprehension of criminals--is carried out by state-level police forces. The constitution also permits the central government to participate in police operations and organization by authorizing the maintenance of the Indian Police Service. Police officers are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission through a competitive nationwide examination. On completion of a nationwide basic public-service course, police officer candidates attend the National Police Academy at Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. They are then assigned to particular state or union territory forces, where they usually remain for the rest of their careers. About 50 percent of the officers are regularly assigned to states or territories other than their own in an effort to promote national integration. The constitution also authorizes the central government to maintain whatever forces are necessary to safeguard national security. Under the terms of the constitution, paramilitary forces can be legally detailed to assist the states but only if so requested by the state governments. In practice, the central government has largely observed these limits. In isolated instances, the central government has deployed its paramilitary units to protect central government institutions over the protest of a state government. During the Emergency of 1975-77, the constitution was amended (effective February 1, 1976) to permit the central government to dispatch and deploy its paramilitary forces without regard to the wishes of the states. This action proved unpopular, and the use of the paramilitary forces was controversial. After the Emergency was lifted, the constitution was amended in December 1978 to make deployment of central government paramilitary forces once again dependent on the consent of the state government. According to apologists for the central government, this amendment prevented the government from sending in paramilitary forces to protect the Babri Masjid (Babri Mosque) in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, in December 1992. [edit] Ministry of Home Affairs The principal national-level organization concerned with law enforcement is the Ministry of Home Affairs, which supervises a large number of government functions and agencies operated and administered by the central government. The ministry is concerned with all matters pertaining to the maintenance of public peace and order, the staffing and administration of the public services, the delineation of internal boundaries, and the administration of union territories. In addition to managing the Indian Police Service, the Ministry of Home Affairs maintains several agencies and organizations dealing with police and security. Police in the union territories are the responsibility of the Police Division, which also runs the National Police Academy and the Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science. The Central Bureau of Investigation investigates crimes that might involve public officials or have ramifications for several states. The ministry also is the parent organization of the Border Security Force. [edit] Central Armed Police Forces There are eight forces officially defined as "Central Armed Police Forces". They are frequently unofficially referred to as "paramilitary". [edit] Border Security Force The Border Security Force (BSF) is responsible for guarding India's land borders during peacetime and preventing trans-border crimes. It is a central paramilitary force operating under the Union Ministry of Home Affairs. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 demonstrated the inadequacies of the existing border management system and led to the formation of the Border Security Force as a unified central agency with the specific mandate of guarding India's international boundaries. The BSF's paramilitary capabilities were used in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 against the Pakistani Armed Forces in areas where the Indian Armed Forces was thinly spread; BSF troops took part in the Battle of Longewala. Although originally charged with guarding India's external boundaries, the BSF has more recently been given the task of aiding the Indian Army in counter-insurgency and counter- terrorism operations. When the insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir broke out in 1989, the Jammu and Kashmir state police and the thinly-deployed Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) struggled to cope with the spiraling violence, and the Indian government deployed the BSF to Jammu and Kashmir to combat Islamic militants. [edit] Central Industrial Security Force The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is used to guard industrial installations around the country owned by the Central government as well as securing seaports and airports. Recently CISF has started providing services to non government organisations. Infosys being the first one. many other private industries has also applied for the same. [edit] Central Reserve Police Force The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is one of the largest paramilitary organisations in the world.[citation needed] Its main objective is to assist and help state and union territories' law enforcement agencies in maintaining law and order and to contain insurgency. It is also deployed as anti-terrorist unit in various regions. [edit] Indo-Tibetan Border
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