Food Science 470 Wine Appreciation
Christian BUTZKE Professor of Enology Department of Food Science Wines of the West Coast
Washington Oregon
California North Coast Sierra Foothills Central Valley Central Coast South Coast California vs. France
42°N
700 miles 2000: 1,196 Bonded Wineries in California
2014: 4,285 Bonded Wineries in California
Data: BATF 12/2000 Map: CEB
Wine Regions of California
466,935 acres of wine grapes 2004 North Coast
Sierra Foothills
Central Valley
Central Coast
South Coast California
Coastal Geography Sierra Nevada Central Valley
Ranges
Pacific Ocean
El Nino! 2017 North Coast Wildfires 2017 North Coast Wildfires
2017 North Coast Wildfires
Fire Safety San Francisco April 18,1906 Fire Safety Pure Alcohol
Flash point: 52°F
Boiling point: 172°F
Auto-Ignition: 792°F
Vapor Density: 1.6 = heavier than air!
Flammable limits in air: 3% ( 60 g/m3) - 19% (370 g/m3) Fire Safety Flash Point of Wine T (ºF) 140 100ºProof 122
104
86
68
50 %w/w Amerine After Repeal of Prohibition (December 5th, 1933):
UC Professors Maynard Amerine and Albert Winkler conducted research on variety and climate interactions, leading to the idea of regions based on Winkler heat summation (“degree-days”). cool
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 Region 5
hot
The result of almost a decade of research, Profs. Amerine and Winkler’s publication led directly to the development of wine regions with recommended varieties.
California Grape Varieties 2015 Crush
4,416/10,736 wineries 560,000 acres 2,041,000 t 1,664,000 t 1. Cabernet Sauvignon 12% 1. Chardonnay 16% 2. Zinfandel 10% red & “white” 2. French Colombard 9% 3. Merlot 7% 3. Muscats 6% 4. Pinot Noir 5% 4. Pinot Gris 5% 5. Rubired 7% 5. Sauvignon Blanc 2% California Wineries
Number of Wineries
10,000
5,000
0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 CA US California Grape Varieties Value per Ton
Average: 6.6 t/a California’s Modern History In 1976, two new Napa wineries, Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars and Chateau Montelena, “beat” some of the “best” French wines in a tasting in Paris held to commemorate the U.S. bicentennial.
by George Taber
George Taber @ the Indy International Wine Competition Napa Valley
1981: BATF defines “Napa Valley” as California’s first American Viticultural
Area www.napavintners.com California AVAs FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Regional Video 1
Seasons of the Vineyard at Jordan Winery in Sonoma County, CA Napa Valley summer morning Napa Valley summer afternoon !""#$%&'()*+,+-$-+."
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• Selected in Burgundy
• Planted in California
Hello? Napa Valley
• 400+ wineries • 16+ sub-appellations (AVAs)
• 30 different soil types www.napavintners.com Tour
www.artesa.com www.vsattui.com www.sterlingvineyards.com Robert “Bob” Mondavi (1913-2008) The symbol of Napa Valley The Legacy
robertmondaviinstitute.ucdavis.edu Top 4 US Wineries = 75% of Production
Rank Company Production (gal) Sales (Cases) Research Donation ($)
1. Gallo 159,000,000 67,000,000 400,000
2. Wine Group 133,000,000 56,000,000 50,697
3. Constellation 109,000,000 46,000,000 244,180
4. Bronco 80,000,000 34,000,000 205,000
Sources: www.winebusiness.com and www.avf.org
Central Valley Central Valley
E & J Gallo Winery, Fresno
Hans Marsen 2005 Central Valley Central Valley
E & J Gallo Winery, Livingston Central Valley
E & J Gallo Winery, Modesto Anapamu, André, Apothic, Ballatore, Barefoot, Bartles & Jaymes, Bella Sera, Black Swan, Bridlewood, Boone's Farm, Camarena tequilas, Carlo Rossi, Carnivor, Cask & Cream, ChocolatRouge, Clarendon Hills, Columbia Winery, Covey Run, Dancing Bull, DaVinci, Delicia, Don Miguel Gascon, E. & J. VS Brandy, E. & J. VSOP Brandy, E. & J. XO Brandy, Ecco Domani, Frei Brothers, Frutézia, Gallo Family Vineyards Estate, Gallo Family Vineyards Single Vineyard, Gallo Family Vineyards Sonoma, Ghost Pines, Indigo Hills, J Vineyards and Winery, La Marca, Laguna, Las Rocas, Liberty Creek, Livingston Cellars, Louis M. Martini, MacMurray Ranch, Martĩn Cõdax, Maso Canali, Matthew Fox Vineyards, Mattie's Perch, McWilliam's, Mirassou Vineyards, New Amsterdam Gin, New Amsterdam Vodka, Orin Swift Winery, Peter Vella, Pölka Dot, Rancho Zabaco, Red Bicyclette, Redwood Creek, Red Rock Winery, Sebeka, Shellback Rum, Thunderbird, Tisdale Vineyards, Turning Leaf, Twin Valley, Vella Wines, Viniq, Whitehaven, William Hill Estate, Wild Vines, Winking Owl, Wycliff Sparkling https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_%26_J_Gallo_Winery#Wine_brands Central Coast
Example: Monterey AVA
Salinas Valley Carmel Valley Central Coast
Monterey AVA
• 12,600 contiguous acres • 179 vineyard blocks • 21 grape varieties • 22 micro-climates www.sanbernabe.com South Coast
Glassy Winged Sharp Shooter
Xylella fastidiosa (bacterium)
Pierce’s Disease Dying Grapevines FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Infotainment Video 1
'Two Buck Chuck' Wine Aims for Both Quality and Quantity FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Tasting 1
California Cabernet Sauvignon France
Oregon
42
Indiana Iberia
California 32 Columbia River Walla Walla
N. Willamette (75%)
S. Willamette
Umpqua
Rogue & Applegate
Oregon’s Valleys Orygun
It’s Willamette – Dammit! FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Regional Video 2
The Wines of Oregon Oregon Grape Varieties 2015 Crush 702 wineries 28,000 acres
59,000 t 26,000 t 1.Pinot Noir 60% 1.Pinot Gris 18% 2. Syrah 2% 2. Chardonnay 4% 3. Cabernet Sauvignon 2% 3. Riesling 3% 4. Merlot 1% 4. Pinot Blanc 1%
Oregon/Burgundy Vintner
Veronique Drouhin, Domaine Drouhin Oregon/Cloudline www.domainedrouhin.com Oregon
• Cool coastal climate • Many artisan wineries • 70% Pinot Oregon Oregon Oregon Oregon Oregon Oregon New/Ancient Techniques/Winemakers
Purdue alumn Don Crank, Winemaker @ A to Z, Oregon’s biggest Pinot Noir producer Visiting Purdue Alumni in Orygun Visiting Purdue Alumni in Orygun FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Infotainment Video 2
Escape to Oregon Wine Country for a Romantic USA Vacation FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Tasting 2
Oregon Pinot Noir Washington Washington State
desert plateau
Cascade Mountains
Columbia River FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Regional Video 3
WA Wine - From Vine to Wine Washington Grape Varieties 2012 Crush 800+ wineries 50,000 acres
103,000 t 107,000 t 1. Cabernet Sauvignon 1. Riesling 2. Merlot 2. Chardonnay 3. Syrah 3. Pinot Gris 4. Cabernet Franc 4. Sauvignon Blanc 5. Malbec 5. Gewürztraminer 6. Pinot Noir 6. Viognier 7. Sangiovese 7. Semillion 8. Lemberger 8. Chenin Blanc Washington State Washington State
2017 Wildfires Washington State Mount St. Helens
May 17, 1980
October 3, 2014
www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/volcanocams/msh/images/mshvolcanocam.jpg
May 19, 1982
Washington State
www.stimson-lane.com
• in rain shadow of Cascades • semi-desert climate irrigation www.columbiawinery.com • no phylloxera Washington vs. Indiana
Average Lows
Extreme Lows Temperature Temperature
Prosser, WA Lafayette, IN
Precipitation Precipitation 8” 36” Washington State Phylloxera
FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Infotainment Video 3
Wine Science Center at WSU Tri Cities FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Tasting 3
Washington Merlot