Lecture.Westcoast

Food Science 470 Wine Appreciation Christian BUTZKE Professor of Enology Department of Food Science Wines of the West Coast Washington Oregon California North Coast Sierra Foothills Central Valley Central Coast South Coast California vs. France 42°N 700 miles 2000: 1,196 Bonded Wineries in California 2014: 4,285 Bonded Wineries in California Data: BATF 12/2000 Map: CEB Wine Regions of California 466,935 acres of wine grapes 2004 North Coast Sierra Foothills Central Valley Central Coast South Coast California Geography Sierra Nevada Central Valley Coastal Ranges Pacific Ocean El Nino! 2017 North Coast Wildfires 2017 North Coast Wildfires 2017 North Coast Wildfires Fire Safety San Francisco April 18,1906 Fire Safety Pure Alcohol Flash point: 52°F Boiling point: 172°F Auto-Ignition: 792°F Vapor Density: 1.6 = heavier than air! Flammable limits in air: 3% ( 60 g/m3) - 19% (370 g/m3) Fire Safety Flash Point of Wine T (ºF) 140 100ºProof 122 104 86 68 50 %w/w Amerine After Repeal of Prohibition (December 5th, 1933): UC Professors Maynard Amerine and Albert Winkler conducted research on variety and climate interactions, leading to the idea of regions based on Winkler heat summation (“degree-days”). cool Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 Region 5 hot The result of almost a decade of research, Profs. Amerine and Winkler’s publication led directly to the development of wine regions with recommended varieties. California Grape Varieties 2015 Crush 4,416/10,736 wineries 560,000 acres 2,041,000 t 1,664,000 t 1. Cabernet Sauvignon 12% 1. Chardonnay 16% 2. Zinfandel 10% red & “white” 2. French Colombard 9% 3. Merlot 7% 3. Muscats 6% 4. Pinot Noir 5% 4. Pinot Gris 5% 5. Rubired 7% 5. Sauvignon Blanc 2% California Wineries Number of Wineries 10,000 5,000 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 CA US California Grape Varieties Value per Ton Average: 6.6 t/a California’s Modern History In 1976, two new Napa wineries, Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars and Chateau Montelena, “beat” some of the “best” French wines in a tasting in Paris held to commemorate the U.S. bicentennial. by George Taber George Taber @ the Indy International Wine Competition Napa Valley 1981: BATF defines “Napa Valley” as California’s first American Viticultural Area www.napavintners.com California AVAs FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Regional Video 1 Seasons of the Vineyard at Jordan Winery in Sonoma County, CA Napa Valley summer morning Napa Valley summer afternoon !""#$%&'()*+,+-$-+." /$,$ 0.(1)$#2 3+4." 0%..5+"6-." !"# Data Source: www.weather.com 0)*'-12+!"#$%&%'('%)* ' & % 3(&( 4)"5#(67 $ 8%9)* !"#$%&%'('%)*+,%*$-#./ # 41)):%*;')* " ! ()* +,- .)/ 01/ .)2 (3* (34 035 6,1 789 :;< =,8 0)*'- Data Source: www.weather.com Transplanting Traditions • Selected in Burgundy • Planted in California Hello? Napa Valley • 400+ wineries • 16+ sub-appellations (AVAs) • 30 different soil types www.napavintners.com Tour www.artesa.com www.vsattui.com www.sterlingvineyards.com Robert “Bob” Mondavi (1913-2008) The symbol of Napa Valley The Legacy robertmondaviinstitute.ucdavis.edu Top 4 US Wineries = 75% of Production Rank Company Production (gal) Sales (Cases) Research Donation ($) 1. Gallo 159,000,000 67,000,000 400,000 2. Wine Group 133,000,000 56,000,000 50,697 3. Constellation 109,000,000 46,000,000 244,180 4. Bronco 80,000,000 34,000,000 205,000 Sources: www.winebusiness.com and www.avf.org Central Valley Central Valley E & J Gallo Winery, Fresno Hans Marsen 2005 Central Valley Central Valley E & J Gallo Winery, Livingston Central Valley E & J Gallo Winery, Modesto Anapamu, André, Apothic, Ballatore, Barefoot, Bartles & Jaymes, Bella Sera, Black Swan, Bridlewood, Boone's Farm, Camarena tequilas, Carlo Rossi, Carnivor, Cask & Cream, ChocolatRouge, Clarendon Hills, Columbia Winery, Covey Run, Dancing Bull, DaVinci, Delicia, Don Miguel Gascon, E. & J. VS Brandy, E. & J. VSOP Brandy, E. & J. XO Brandy, Ecco Domani, Frei Brothers, Frutézia, Gallo Family Vineyards Estate, Gallo Family Vineyards Single Vineyard, Gallo Family Vineyards Sonoma, Ghost Pines, Indigo Hills, J Vineyards and Winery, La Marca, Laguna, Las Rocas, Liberty Creek, Livingston Cellars, Louis M. Martini, MacMurray Ranch, Martĩn Cõdax, Maso Canali, Matthew Fox Vineyards, Mattie's Perch, McWilliam's, Mirassou Vineyards, New Amsterdam Gin, New Amsterdam Vodka, Orin Swift Winery, Peter Vella, Pölka Dot, Rancho Zabaco, Red Bicyclette, Redwood Creek, Red Rock Winery, Sebeka, Shellback Rum, Thunderbird, Tisdale Vineyards, Turning Leaf, Twin Valley, Vella Wines, Viniq, Whitehaven, William Hill Estate, Wild Vines, Winking Owl, Wycliff Sparkling https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_%26_J_Gallo_Winery#Wine_brands Central Coast Example: Monterey AVA Salinas Valley Carmel Valley Central Coast Monterey AVA • 12,600 contiguous acres • 179 vineyard blocks • 21 grape varieties • 22 micro-climates www.sanbernabe.com South Coast Glassy Winged Sharp Shooter Xylella fastidiosa (bacterium) Pierce’s Disease Dying Grapevines FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Infotainment Video 1 'Two Buck Chuck' Wine Aims for Both Quality and Quantity FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Tasting 1 California Cabernet Sauvignon France Oregon 42 Indiana Iberia California 32 Columbia River Walla Walla N. Willamette (75%) S. Willamette Umpqua Rogue & Applegate Oregon’s Valleys Orygun It’s Willamette – Dammit! FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Regional Video 2 The Wines of Oregon Oregon Grape Varieties 2015 Crush 702 wineries 28,000 acres 59,000 t 26,000 t 1.Pinot Noir 60% 1.Pinot Gris 18% 2. Syrah 2% 2. Chardonnay 4% 3. Cabernet Sauvignon 2% 3. Riesling 3% 4. Merlot 1% 4. Pinot Blanc 1% Oregon/Burgundy Vintner Veronique Drouhin, Domaine Drouhin Oregon/Cloudline www.domainedrouhin.com Oregon • Cool coastal climate • Many artisan wineries • 70% Pinot Oregon Oregon Oregon Oregon Oregon Oregon New/Ancient Techniques/Winemakers Purdue alumn Don Crank, Winemaker @ A to Z, Oregon’s biggest Pinot Noir producer Visiting Purdue Alumni in Orygun Visiting Purdue Alumni in Orygun FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Infotainment Video 2 Escape to Oregon Wine Country for a Romantic USA Vacation FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Tasting 2 Oregon Pinot Noir Washington Washington State desert plateau Cascade Mountains Columbia River FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Regional Video 3 WA Wine - From Vine to Wine Washington Grape Varieties 2012 Crush 800+ wineries 50,000 acres 103,000 t 107,000 t 1. Cabernet Sauvignon 1. Riesling 2. Merlot 2. Chardonnay 3. Syrah 3. Pinot Gris 4. Cabernet Franc 4. Sauvignon Blanc 5. Malbec 5. Gewürztraminer 6. Pinot Noir 6. Viognier 7. Sangiovese 7. Semillion 8. Lemberger 8. Chenin Blanc Washington State Washington State 2017 Wildfires Washington State Mount St. Helens May 17, 1980 October 3, 2014 www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/volcanocams/msh/images/mshvolcanocam.jpg May 19, 1982 Washington State www.stimson-lane.com • in rain shadow of Cascades • semi-desert climate irrigation www.columbiawinery.com • no phylloxera Washington vs. Indiana Average Lows Extreme Lows Temperature Temperature Prosser, WA Lafayette, IN Precipitation Precipitation 8” 36” Washington State Phylloxera FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Infotainment Video 3 Wine Science Center at WSU Tri Cities FS 470 Wine Appreciation Module 2 – Week 6 Tasting 3 Washington Merlot.

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