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Aphis Fabae Scop.) to Field Beans ( Vicia Faba L.
ANALYSIS OF THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE BLACK BEAN APHID ( APHIS FABAE SCOP.) TO FIELD BEANS ( VICIA FABA L.) BY JESUS ANTONIO SALAZAR, ING. AGR. ( VENEZUELA ) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON OCTOBER 1976 IMPERIAL COLLEGE FIELD STATION, SILWOOD PARK, SUNNINGHILL, ASCOT, BERKSHIRE. 2 ABSTRACT The concept of the economic threshold and its importance in pest management programmes is analysed in Chapter I. The significance of plant responses or compensation in the insect-injury-yield relationship is also discussed. The amount of damage in terms of yield loss that results from aphid attack, is analysed by comparing the different components of yield in infested and uninfested plants. In the former, plants were infested at different stages of plant development. The results showed that seed weights, pod numbers and seed numbers in plants infested before the flowering period were significantly less than in plants infested during or after the period of flower setting. The growth pattern and growth analysis in infested and uninfested plants have shown that the rate of leaf production and dry matter production were also more affected when the infestations occurred at early stages of plant development. When field beans were infested during the flowering period and afterwards, the aphid feeding did not affect the rate of leaf and dry matter production. There is some evidence that the rate of leaf area production may increase following moderate aphid attack during this period. The relationship between timing of aphid migration from the wintering host and the stage of plant development are shown to be of considerable significance in determining the economic threshold for A. -
Edge-Biased Distributions of Insects. a Review
Agronomy for Sustainable Development (2018) 38: 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0488-4 REVIEW ARTICLE Edge-biased distributions of insects. A review Hoang Danh Derrick Nguyen1 & Christian Nansen 1,2 Accepted: 15 January 2018 /Published online: 5 February 2018 # The Author(s) 2018. This article is an open access publication Abstract Spatial ecology includes research into factors responsible for observed distribution patterns of organisms. Moreover, the spatial distribution of an animal at a given spatial scale and in a given landscape may provide valuable insight into its host preference, fitness, evolutionary adaptation potential, and response to resource limitations. In agro-ecology, in-depth understanding of spatial distributions of insects is of particular importance when the goals are to (1) promote establishment and persistence of certain food webs, (2) maximize performance of pollinators and natural enemies, and (3) develop precision-targeted monitoring and detection of emerging outbreaks of herbivorous pests. In this article, we review and discuss a spatial phenomenon that is widespread among insect species across agricultural systems and across spatial scales—they tend to show “edge-biased distributions” (spatial distribution patterns show distinct “edge effects”). In the conservation and biodiversity literature, this phenomenon has been studied and reviewed intensively in the context of how landscape fragmentation affects species diversity. However, possible explanations of, and also implications of, edge-biased distributions of insects in agricultural systems have not received the same attention. Our review suggests that (1) mathe- matical modeling approaches can partially explain edge-biased distributions and (2) abiotic factors, crop vegetation traits, and environmental parameters are factors that are likely responsible for this phenomenon. -
Morphological and Anatomical Study of the Bark, Leaves and Seeds Of
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2020; 9(1): 1297-1299 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2020; 9(1): 1297-1299 Morphological and anatomical study of the bark, Received: 10-11-2019 Accepted: 12-12-2019 leaves and seeds of Euonymus europaeus L Vrubel OR Vrubel OR, Darmohray RYE and Antonyk VO Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical Abstract University; Pekarska Str., 69, Morphological and microscopic examination of the bark, leaves and seeds of Euonymus europaeus L. is Lviv, Ukraine presented in the study. The plant has an antioxidant, insecticidal, antimicrobial action. Euonymus europaeus L. can be a potential source of biologically active compounds. The purpose of the work was to Darmohray RYE determine the diagnostic features for the correct identification of plant materials. Light microscopy was Department of Pharmacognosy used in the study. As a result, the morphological analysis of the raw material was carried out, the and Botany, Danylo Halytsky anatomical structure of the leaf, the leaves upper and lower epidermis, type of stomata, cross sections of Lviv National Medical the bark and seeds were investigated. University; Pekarska Str., 69, Lviv, Ukraine Keywords: Euonymus europaeus L., microscopy, leaves, bark, seeds Antonyk VO Institute of Cell Biology, Introduction National Academy of Sciences of European spindle (Euonymus europaeus L.) belongs to the Celastraceae family. Euonymus Ukraine, 14/16 Dragomanova europaeus L. is native to much of Europe, including the surrounding Atlantic and Str., Lviv, Ukraine Mediterranean islands. In the north it extends all the way to the southern part of Sweden, in the [1, 2] east to the Caucasus Mountains and Asia Minor . -
Euonymus Europaeus
Euonymus europaeus COMMON NAME Spindle tree FAMILY Celastraceae FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Exotic STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons NVS CODE EUOEUR HABITAT Terrestrial. FEATURES Much-branched glabrous, deciduous shrub or small tree up to 6m high. Bark grey & smooth. Twigs green, quadrangular, smooth, not winged. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, acute or acuminate, crenate, usually turning red in autumn, 2–10cm long; petiole 6–12mm long. Cymes 2–15-flowered, pedunculate, dichotomous. Buds greenish, usually 4- angled; flowers usually 4-merous, 8–10mm diam.; petals greenish-yellow, generally oblong, widely separated. Capsule 4-lobed, deep pink, exposing the bright orange aril after opening. (- Webb et. al., 1988) FLOWERING November, December Euonymus europaeus. Photographer: Nic Singers FLOWER COLOURS Green, Yellow FRUITING March to May YEAR NATURALISED 1958 ORIGIN Europe ETYMOLOGY euonymus: One possible explanation is this genus is named after Euonymus europaeus. Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth Euonyme, the mother of the Furies (vengeance deities in Greek mythology) because of the irritating properties of this plant. Another explanation is that the name is simply from the Greek eu ‘good’ and onoma ‘name’, meaning ‘a name of good repute’. Reason For Introduction Ornamental Life Cycle Comments Perennial. Long-lived seed bank - more than a year (Carol West, pers. comm.). Reproduction The species is gynodioecious (2 sexual morphs: 1 strictly female and the other, termed male, producing some seed) with both sexes established in wild populations (Webb et al., 1988). Dispersal Birds (Webb et al., 1988). Poisonous plant: All parts of this tree are poisonous including the pink fruits with orange seed. MORE INFORMATION https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/euonymus-europaeus/. -
NPV Dissertação (2008).Pdf (4.051Mb)
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ Setor de Ciências Exatas – Departamento de Química Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Alcalóides Esteroidais dos Frutos Maduros de Solanum caavurana Vell. Mestranda: Nelissa Pacheco Vaz Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Beatriz Helena L. de N. Sales Maia Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências, área de concentração Química Orgânica. Curitiba-PR Janeiro 2008 “A química é talvez a ciência que mais necessita de amigos. Para fazê-los, tê-los e mantê-los basta a humildade de perceber que você nunca vai conseguir saber tudo de química e que eles sempre poderão lhe ensinar alguma coisa.” (Flávio Leite) ii AGRADECIMENTOS: U A Deus pela vida e oportunidade de adquirir conhecimento superior de qualidade numa sociedade tão desigual; U À minha família por acreditarem, apoiarem, incentivarem e terem investido tempo, amor e dedicação para a realização dos meus sonhos. Agradeço também pela compreensão e convivência; U A Universidade Federal do Paraná e ao Departamento de Química desta universidade pela oportunidade de realização deste trabalho; U À professora Drª. Beatriz Helena Lameiro de Noronha Sales Maia pela orientação, amizade, compreensão, presença, motivação e auxílio durante a realização deste trabalho; U À professora Drª. Raquel Marques Braga - Instituto de Química - Universidade de Campinas (IQ - UNICAMP) pelas análises de ressonância magnética nuclear e auxílios nas determinações estruturais; U Ao professor Dr. Norberto Peporine Lopes - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo: Departamento de Física e Química – (FCFRP-USP) pela aquisição dos Espectros de Massas; U Aos biólogos Drª. -
IAPT/IOPB Chromosome Data 25 TAXON 66 (5) • October 2017: 1246–1252
Marhold & Kučera (eds.) • IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 25 TAXON 66 (5) • October 2017: 1246–1252 IOPB COLUMN Edited by Karol Marhold & Ilse Breitwieser IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 25 Edited by Karol Marhold & Jaromír Kučera DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/665.29 Tatyana V. An’kova* & Elena Yu. Zykova Franco E. Chiarini,1* David Lipari,1 Gloria E. Barboza1 & Sandra Knapp2 Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Zolotodolinskaya Str. 101, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 1 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), * Author for correspondence: [email protected] CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495 Córdoba 5000, Argentina All materials CHN; vouchers are deposited in NS; collector E.Yu. 2 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Zykova. Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. * Author for correspondence: [email protected] The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 16-04-01246 A to E. Zykova). All materials CHN; collectors: FC = Franco Chiarini, GB = Gloria Barboza, JU = Juan Urdampilleta, SK = Sandra Knapp, TS ASTERACEAE = Tiina Särkinen. Anthemis tinctoria L., 2n = 18; Russia, Altay Republic, Z35a, Z37. 2n = 27; Russia, Altay Republic, Z35b. The authors thank Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científi- Arctium lappa L., 2n = 36; Russia, Altay Republic, Z38. cas y Técnicas (CONICET, Argentina) for financial support. NSF Plan- Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh., 2n = 36; Russia, Altay Republic, Z41; etary Biodiversity Initiative DEB-0316614 “PBI Solanum: a worldwide Russia, Novosibirskaya Oblast, Z43. treatment”; field work for SK was financed by a National Geographic Senecio vulgaris L., 2n = 40; Russia, Altay Republic, Z56, Z90; Rus- grant to T. -
Hortus Botanicus Universitatis Posnaniensis Index Seminum
HORTUS BOTANICUS UNIVERSITATIS POSNANIENSIS INDEX SEMINUM 2020-2021 ANNO 2020 COLLECTORUM QUAE HORTUS BOTANICUS UNIVERSITATIS POSNANIENSIS MUTUO COMMUTANDA OFFERT OGRÓD BOTANICZNY UNIWERSYTETU IM. ADAMA MICKIEWICZA UL. DĄBROWSKIEGO 165 PL – 60-594 POZNAŃ ebgconsortiumindexseminum2020 ebgconsortiumindexseminum2021 Information Informacja Year of foundation – 1925 Rok założenia – 1925 Area about 22 ha, including about 800 m2 of greenhouses Aktualna powierzchnia około 22 ha w tym około 800 m2 pod szkłem Number of taxa – about 7500 Liczba taksonów – około 7500 1. Location: 1. Położenie: the Botanical Garden of the A. Mickiewicz University is situated in the W part of Poznań zachodnia część miasta Poznania latitude – 52o 25‘N szerokość geograficzna – 52o 25‘N longitude – 16o 55‘E długość geograficzna – 16o 55‘E the altitude is 89.2 m a.s.l. wysokość n.p.m. – 89.2 m 2. The types of soils: 2. Typy gleb: – brown soil – brunatna – rot soil on mineral ground – murszowa na podłożu mineralnym – gray forest soil – szara gleba leśna SEMINA PLANTARUM EX LOCIS NATURALIBUS COLLECTA zbierał/collected gatunek/species stanowisko/location by MAGNOLIOPHYTA Magnoliopsida Apiaceae 1. Daucus carota L. PL, prov. Wielkopolskie, Poznań, Szczepankowo J. Jaskulska 2. Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench PL, prov. Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Folusz J. Jaskulska Asteraceae 3. Achillea millefolium L. s.str. PL, prov. Wielkopolskie, Kamionki J. Jaskulska 4. Achillea millefolium L. s.str. PL, prov. Wielkopolskie, Koninko J. Jaskulska 5. Artemisia vulgaris L. PL, prov. Wielkopolskie, Kamionki J. Jaskulska 6. Artemisia vulgaris L. PL, prov. Wielkopolskie, Koninko J. Jaskulska 7. Bidens tripartita L. PL, prov. Wielkopolskie, Koninko J. Jaskulska 8. Centaurea scabiosa L. PL, prov. Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Folusz J. -
Italian Botanist 10 Supplementary Data to Notulae to the Italian Alien Vascular Flora: 10 Edited by G
Italian Botanist 10 Supplementary data to Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 10 Edited by G. Galasso, F. Bartolucci Categories concerning the occurrence status of taxa follow Galasso et al. (2018). 1. Nomenclatural updates Family Nomenclature according to Revised nomenclature References/Note Galasso et al. (2018) Fabaceae Acacia dealbata Link subsp. Acacia dealbata Link Hirsch et al. (2017, 2018, 2020) dealbata Pinaceae Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Another subspecies exists Spach Spach subsp. nordmanniana Asteraceae Centaurea iberica Spreng. subsp. Centaurea iberica Trevir. ex iberica Spreng. subsp. iberica Poaceae Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Synonym of Digitaria violascens Schweigg.) Muhlenb. var. Muhl. var. violascens (Link) Link violascens (Link) Radford Radford Poaceae Gigachilon polonicum Seidl ex Gigachilon polonicum (L.) Seidl Synonym of Triticum turgidum Á.Löve subsp. dicoccon ex Á.Löve subsp. dicoccon L. subsp. dicoccon (Schrank ex (Schrank) Á.Löve (Schrank) Á.Löve, comb. inval. Schübl.) Thell. Poaceae Gigachilon polonicum Seidl ex Gigachilon polonicum (L.) Seidl Synonym of Triticum turgidum Á.Löve subsp. durum (Desf.) ex Á.Löve subsp. durum (Desf.) L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. Á.Löve Á.Löve Poaceae Gigachilon polonicum Seidl ex Gigachilon polonicum (L.) Seidl Synonym of Triticum turgidum Á.Löve subsp. turanicum ex Á.Löve subsp. turanicum L. subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) (Jakubz.) Á.Löve (Jakubz.) Á.Löve Á.Löve & D.Löve Poaceae Gigachilon polonicum Seidl ex Gigachilon polonicum (L.) Seidl Synonym of Triticum turgidum Á.Löve subsp. turgidum (L.) ex Á.Löve subsp. turgidum (L.) L. subsp. turgidum Á.Löve Á.Löve Balsaminaceae Impatiens cristata auct., non Impatiens tricornis Lindl. Akiyama and Ohba (2016); it is Wall. -
Guide to the Euonymus of New York City
New York City EcoFlora Guide to the Euonymus (Euonymus) of New York City Euonymus is a genus of 130–140 species in the mostly tropical Celastraceae (Staff-Tree) family. The family comprises about 95 genera and 1,350 species. Only three genera occur in the northern hemisphere, Euonymus, Celastrus and Parnassia, all three found or once found in New York City. Euonymus species occur nearly worldwide with most species native to eastern Asia. They are trees, shrubs or woody vines, the stems often angled or winged, sometimes climbing by adventitious roots; leaves deciduous or evergreen, opposite, the blades simple, margins crenate or toothed; inflorescences terminal or axillary; flowers in small clusters, petals usually green, sometimes white or purple; fruit usually brightly colored, lobed capsules; seeds enveloped in brightly colored tissue (aril), often contrasting with the fruit wall. Euonymus (as well as most members of the Celastraceae family) can often be recognized by “gestalt”. The leaves and often the stems too have a distinctive, but somewhat variable yellow-green color that is hard to describe but nearly unlike any other plants. The leaves are usually leathery, and almost always have distinctively scalloped (crenate) margins (the margins rarely completely smooth or toothed). There are four species native to North America, one species endemic to California, Oregon and Washington (Euonymus occidentalis); a predominately Midwestern species (Euonymus obovatus); a widespread northeastern species (Euonymus atropurpureus) and a widespread southeastern species (Euonymus americanus). Two species are indigenous to New York City. The predominately southeastern US species, Euonymus americanus, American Strawberry Bush is endangered in New York State. -
A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae
TAXON 57 (4) • November 2008: 1159–1181 Olmstead & al. • Molecular phylogeny of Solanaceae MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae Richard G. Olmstead1*, Lynn Bohs2, Hala Abdel Migid1,3, Eugenio Santiago-Valentin1,4, Vicente F. Garcia1,5 & Sarah M. Collier1,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. *olmstead@ u.washington.edu (author for correspondence) 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. 3 Present address: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 Present address: Jardin Botanico de Puerto Rico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Apartado Postal 364984, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico 5 Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 6 Present address: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. A phylogeny of Solanaceae is presented based on the chloroplast DNA regions ndhF and trnLF. With 89 genera and 190 species included, this represents a nearly comprehensive genus-level sampling and provides a framework phylogeny for the entire family that helps integrate many previously-published phylogenetic studies within So- lanaceae. The four genera comprising the family Goetzeaceae and the monotypic families Duckeodendraceae, Nolanaceae, and Sclerophylaceae, often recognized in traditional classifications, are shown to be included in Solanaceae. The current results corroborate previous studies that identify a monophyletic subfamily Solanoideae and the more inclusive “x = 12” clade, which includes Nicotiana and the Australian tribe Anthocercideae. These results also provide greater resolution among lineages within Solanoideae, confirming Jaltomata as sister to Solanum and identifying a clade comprised primarily of tribes Capsiceae (Capsicum and Lycianthes) and Physaleae. -
(Trnf) Pseudogenes Defines a Distinctive Clade in Solanaceae Péter Poczai* and Jaakko Hyvönen
Poczai and Hyvönen SpringerPlus 2013, 2:459 http://www.springerplus.com/content/2/1/459 a SpringerOpen Journal SHORT REPORT Open Access Discovery of novel plastid phenylalanine (trnF) pseudogenes defines a distinctive clade in Solanaceae Péter Poczai* and Jaakko Hyvönen Abstract Background: The plastome of embryophytes is known for its high degree of conservation in size, structure, gene content and linear order of genes. The duplication of entire tRNA genes or their arrangement in a tandem array composed by multiple pseudogene copies is extremely rare in the plastome. Pseudogene repeats of the trnF gene have rarely been described from the chloroplast genome of angiosperms. Findings: We report the discovery of duplicated copies of the original phenylalanine (trnFGAA) gene in Solanaceae that are specific to a larger clade within the Solanoideae subfamily. The pseudogene copies are composed of several highly structured motifs that are partial residues or entire parts of the anticodon, T- and D-domains of the original trnF gene. Conclusions: The Pseudosolanoid clade consists of 29 genera and includes many economically important plants such as potato, tomato, eggplant and pepper. Keywords: Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA); Gene duplications; Phylogeny; Plastome evolution; Tandem repeats; trnL-trnF; Solanaceae Findings of this region. If this is ignored, it will easily lead to situa- The plastid trnT-trnF region has been widely applied to tions where basic requirement of homology of the charac- resolve phylogeny of embryophytes (Quandt and Stech ters used for phylogenetic analyses is compromised. This 2004; Zhao et al. 2011) and to address various questions of might lead to false hypotheses of phylogeny, especially population genetics since the development of universal when they are based on the analyses of only this region. -
Plant Cover on the Limestone Alvar of Oland Ecology - Sociology - Taxonomy
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA 76 Plant cover on the limestone Alvar of Oland Ecology - Sociology - Taxonomy Editor Erik Sjogren UPPSALA 1988 ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA 76 Plant cover on the limestone Alvar of Oland Ecology - Sociology - Taxonomy Editor Erik Sjogren Almqvist & Wiksell International, Stockholm UPPSALA 1988 The publication of this volume has been economically supported by the "Axel och Margaret Ax:son Johnsons stiftelse". ISBN 91-7210-076-1 (paperback) ISBN 91-7210-476-7 (cloth) ISSN 0084-5914 Respective author 1988 © Drawing of Hel ianthemum oelandicum on cover by Marie Widen. Edidit: Svenska Vaxtgeografiska Sallskapet Box 559, 751 22 Uppsala Editor: Erik Sjogren Technical editor: Gunnel Sjors Phototypesetting: Textgruppen i U ppsala AB Printed in Sweden 1988 by Centraltryckeriet AB, Bon\s Acta phytogeographica suecica 76 Contents Studies of vegetation on Oland-changes and development during a century. By Erik Sj ogren . 5 Limiting factors on seed production in Crepis tectorum ssp. pumila. By Stejan Andersson. 9 The dry alvar grasslands of Oland: ecological amplitudes of plant spe cies in relation to vegetation composition. By Karin Bengtsson, Honor C. Prentice, Ej vind Rosen, Roland Moberg & Erik Sj ogren . 21 Calcicolous lichens and their ecological preferences on the Great Alvar of Oland. By Lars Froberg. 47 Floristic diversity and guild structure in the grasslands of Oland's Stora Alvar. By Eddy van der Maarel. 53 The effects of colonizing shrubs (Juniperus communis and Potentilla fructicosa) on species richness in the grasslands of Stora Alvaret, Oland. By Marcel Rejmdnek & Ejvind Rosen. 67 Das Naturschutzgebiet in Gosslunda. By Lars Rodenborg.