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35/36-2009/10 Doopsgezinde Bijdragen nieuwe reeks nummer 35/36 Verzameld door de Redactiecommissie van de Doopsgezinde Historische Kring W. Bergsma J J. Bosma (eindredactie) S. Bijker D. de Clercq J. deJong (webredactie) Y Kuiper B. Rademaker-Helfferich A. Vugts-Verbeek P. Visser (hoofdredactie) A. Voolstra Uitgegeven door de Doopsgezinde Historische Kring Singel 454, 1017 AW Amsterdam www.dhk.doopsgezind.nl Gedoopt! Doopsgezinde Bijdragen nieuwe reeks nummer 35 /36 Doopsgezinde Historische Kring Amsterdam 2010 Omslagillustratie: portret van Annie Mankes-Zernike, door Jan Mankes (sept-dec. 1916, olie­ verf op doek, 24,5 x 18,5 cm; coll. Ottema-Kingma Stichting, in bruikleen Fries Museum). CIP-GEGEVENS KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK Doopsgezinde Doopsgezinde Bijdragen [verz . door de redactiecommissie van de Doopsgezinde Historische Kring] Nieuwe reeks 1 (1975)-... Amsterdam: Doopsgezinde Historische Kring ISSN 0167-0441 Verschijnt jaarlijks Bijdragen nr. 35/36 (2010) Met lit. opg. ISBN 978-90-8704-148-9 Trefw.: doopsgezinden; opstellen/bibliografie ©2010 Doopsgezinde Historische Kring Uitgever: Uitgeverij Verloren, Torenlaan 25, 1211 JA Hilversum Eindredactie: Jelle Bosma & Piet Visser Inhoud Jelle Bosma & Inleiding; over ketters en kerkvolk, notabelen en 9 Piet Visser nieuwe rijken, socialisten en liberalen, vrijzinnigen en orthodoxen, heterodoxen en homoseksuelen, lesbo's en ander ongeregeld ARTIKELEN James Urry De beleving van rijkdom en armoede door Nederlandse 23 en Russische doopsgezinden Peter Kriedte Bescheidenheid, zakelijke soberheid en vroeg-industrieel 59 kapitalisme; geloof en handel in de Krefeldse doops- gezinde gemeente (1600 tot ca. 1830) James W. Lowry 350 jaar lang gezag en zeggingskracht; de receptie- 83 geschiedenis van Van Braghts Martelaers spiegel bij deAmish Anna Voolstra 150 jaar Doopsgezinde Bijdragen; over de vraag 119 waar de Bijdragen aan willen bijdragen BIOGRAFISCHE ARTIKELEN Daan de Clercq Jan Kops (1765-1849) 143 Piet Visser Matthijs Siegenbeek (1774-1854) 145 Anna Voolstra Maria Aletta Hulshoff ( 1781-1846) 148 Bonny Rademaker- Joost Hiddes Halbertsma (1789-1869) 151 Helfferich Anna Voolstra Pieter Huidekoper (1798-1852) 155 Yme Kuiper Steven Blaupot ten Cate (1807-1884) 158 Anna Voolstra Christiaan Pieter van Eeghen ( 1816-188 9) 161 Piet Visser Frederik Muller (1817-1881) 164 Piet Visser A nthony Winkler Prins ( 1817-1908) 166 Piet Visser Jakob Gijsbert de Hoop Scheffer (1819-1893) 168 6 INHOUD Anna Voolstra Eduard Douwes Dekker ( 1820-1887) 171 Piet Visser Christiaan Sepp (1820-1890) 174 Piet Visser Klaas Ris (1821-1902) 176 Leo Adriaenssen Cornelis Hartsen (1823-1895) 179 Piet Visser Hendrik Willem Mesdag ( 1831-1915) & 182 Sientje Mesdag-van Houten ( 1834-1909) Bonny Rademaker- Jacobus Craandijk (1834-1912) 185 Helfferich Bonny Rademaker- Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Sir (1836-1912) 188 Helfferich Daan de Clercq Pieter van Eeghen (18 44-190 7) 192 Daan de Clercq Frederikjohannes [Frits} Lugt (1884-1970) 194 ARTIKELEN Willem Stuve Een Leidse lacune; schets van de geschiedenis van 197 de Oud-Vlaamse gemeenten van Leiden Willem Stuve Een roepende in de woestijn; Louwerens Willems 217 (1589-1636), voorvechter van de Oude Vlamingen Wiebe Bergsma & De sociniaanse problemen van de collegi,antische boek- 243 Piet Visser verkoper Simon Pietersz Boncq Nina Geerdink U vraagt, wij draaien? De huwelijksgedichten van 267 Katharina Lescaiije ( 164 9-1 711) voor rijke doops- gezinden Michael Clemens Hoe een doopsgezind vermaner een laatste rustplaats 287 vond op een gereformeerd kerkhof; Pieter Alberts Swart, belangrijk lid van de achttiende-eeuwse doopsgezinde gemeente van Neustadtgödens in Oost-Friesland Yme Kuiper Van patriot tot notabele; de reis van de doopsgezinde 303 koopman Pieter Cats uit Leeuwarden door de Repu- bliek in de nazomer van 1792 Joris Oddens Menistenstreken in het strijdperk; het eerste parlement 337 van Nederland en de mythe van de moderate middenpartij INHOUD 7 Bernhard Kruithof Uit de dagboeken van de doopsgezinde predikant Jakob 363 Huizinga (1809-1894) over geloof, hoop en liefde Annie Rekker- De eerste vrouwelijke predikanten in Nederland 411 van der Werff Froukje Pitstra 'Daar ik altijd meer algemeen vrijzinnig georiënteerd 441 was gebleven, dan speciaal Doopsgezind'; de vorming van het eigenzinnige vermanerschap van Anne Zernike (1887-1972) PERSONALIA AUTEURS 469 COLOFON 472 JELLE BOSMA & PIET VISSER Inleiding Over ketters en kerkvolk, notabelen en nieuwe rijken, socialisten en libe­ ralen, vrijzinnigen en orthodoxen, heterodoxen en homoseksuelen, les­ bo's en ander ongeregeld Honderd jaar geleden, toen het bestuur van de Algemene Doopsgezinde Soci­ eteit (ADS) zijn eerste eeuwfeest vierde, op 28 september 1911, onthaalde het zich op een copieuze maaltijd. De 'Potage Brunoise Orientale' was nog niet afge­ ruimd, of de 'Filets de soles Grimaldi' werden al weer zacht zilt uitgeserveerd. En dan moest de hoofdschotel nog komen met mooi vlees: 'Tendrons de veau à la fi­ nancière ',']ambon de Praque, sauce Madère' en wel zeer jeugdige 'Pigeonneaux truffées Bordelais', bescheiden aangezoet met wat 'Compote d'abricots'. Het ge­ heel werd fijntjes maar toch ook weer degelijk afgerond met 'Glace Prince-Puc­ cler', 'Fromage' en 'Fruits'. Het was de heren bestuurders alleszins gegund om na afloop, welbekomend een sigaartje wolkend, achterover te leunen en voldaan uit te buiken. Het ging meer dan goed met doopsgezind Nederland, zo vond men. Eerder die dag had prof. dr. Samuel Cramer, rector van het Doopsgezind Semi­ narium, daar in een voldane feestrede uitdrukking aan gegeven. Honderd jaar ADS had grote zegeningen voortgebracht: geleerdheid en geleerden aan het Se­ minarium, ten faveure van het predikantschap, en eenheid in de broederschap. Doopsgezinden, zo sprak hij, beleden een 'stemmig geloof, dat geen gedruisch maakt op de straten en een afkeer heeft van hoogklinkende woorden.' Men kon bogen op een geloofsbeleving die stoelde op 'den onbeperkten eerbied voor ieders eigen verantwoordelijkheid voor zijn gelooven en zijn doen.' Niemands godsdienstigheid werd afgemeten naar richting of leer, terwijl ondanks alle war­ me gehechtheid aan de eigen kring, er geen beroep op exclusiviteit gedaan werd (p. 22). Desalniettemin stonden de doopsgezinde tijden nog drastische verande­ ringen te wachten, waaraan Cramer indirect zelf zou bijdragen, zij het vermoede­ lijk onbewust, terwijl hij niet lang daarna zou sterven, in 1913. Maar waarom an­ ders stelde hij in zijn rede nog tevreden vast dat 100 jaar ADS in alle gemeenten de 'evangeliebediening door mannen van akademische vorming wordt vervuld' (p. 21), terwijl hij de allerjongste ontwikkeling ongenoemd liet? Drie maanden eerder namelijk, injuni 1911, had voor het eerst een vrouw aan het Seminarium onder Cramer het proponentschap behaald: Anne Zernike. In november van dat 10 JELLE BOSMA & PIET VISSER jaar zou zij, als eerste vrouwelijke predikant in Nederland, beroepen worden in Bovenknijpe, bij Heerenveen. In hetjaar van de dood van Menno Simons, 450 jaar geleden, in 1561, werden onder de rook van leper in de Westhoek van de Belgische provincie West-Vlaan­ deren twee mannen en drie vrouwen bij hun provisorische kookpot vandaan ge­ rukt. Laurens van de Walle, Antonis Schoonvelt, Kalleken Strings, Sijntgen Pot­ vliets en Maeyken Kocx, smalwevers van beroep, waren hiernaartoe gevlucht wegens de ketterjacht om hun doperse geloof. Hoewel Maeyken en Sijntgen zwanger waren, schroomde Meester Klaes niet hen hardhandig aan te pakken. Na enkele maanden gevangenschap te Ieper, en 'na veel geleden tormenten, soo op den pijnbank als anders', schrijft Van Bragh t in de martelaarsspiegel van 1685 (p. 285-286), werden eerst Laurens en Antonis 'openbaer aen een staek geworgt en verband'. Enkele maanden later onderging Kalleken, 'een seer schoone en wel-gemanierde dochter' die overigens al halfdood gefolterd was, hetzelfde lot. Sijntgen Potvliets herriep haar dwaling, en ontsprong de dodendans, maar Maey­ ken Kocx, die in haar geloof volhardde, werd eveneens verbrand, al had zij eerst nog haar kind mogen baren. De kracht van een minderheid: lijdzaamheid, ondernemingslust en altruïsme Zo, tussen zestiende-eeuwse verguizing en de vroeg twintigste-eeuwse zelfverheer­ lijking, heeft zich een intrigerend maatschappelijk emancipatieproces voltrok­ ken rond de religieuze minderheid der doopsgezinden. 1. Tijdens de eerste fase, van verkettering en vervolging die in de Noordelijke Nederlanden van 1530 tot ca. 1575 zou duren, en in het zuiden nog zo'n 20 jaar langer, leidden de dopers een bestaan van illegaliteit, verdrukking en asiel in veiliger oorden, zoals Oost-Friesland en het Weichseldeltagebied ten oosten van Danzig, Polen. Het begin van het doperdom, voornamelijk een stedelijk feno­ meen langs de handelsknooppunten van de Hanze, de Noordzee en de Zuider­ zee, werd overschaduwd door de gewelddadigheid en het geloofsfanatisme der Münsterse dopers die meenden het Nieuwe Jeruzalem te kunnen vestigen. Het is uiteindelijk aan Menno Simons te danken geweest - de eerste nuchtere leids­ man, vrij van profetische fantasieën - die de sinds Münster in frustratie achter­ gelaten achterban in rustiger, pacifistisch vaarwater heeft weten te brengen. Hij, kerkleider op de vlucht op wiens hoofd een prijs stond, heeft het gepresteerd het doperdom verder uit te bouwen als eerste reformatorische kerkgenootschap in de Lage Landen, zij het volstrekt in de illegaliteit! Naar schatting werden zo'n INLEIDING 11 3.500 dopers door de inquisitie opgepakt en wreed verhoord, wat voor minstens 1.400 gelovigen resulteerde
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