The Moldovan Investment and Our team consists of perma- Contact us: Export Promotion Organization nent investment attraction 65 Alexei Mateevici str., Chişinău, (MIEPO) is the prime source of staff, sectorial consultants, as Republica , MD-2009 information and assistance for well as regional officers. Com- Tel:+373 22 27 36 54 potential investors. bining our experience, we are Fax: +373 22 22 43 10 able to provide you with infor- www.invest.gov.md, [email protected] We provide tailored servic- mation relevant for your deci- © MIEPO 2016 es for potential investors sion making, as well as links to throughout the investment de- businesses and government. Edition 2016/2017 cision process. We also sup- port existing investors in ex- tending their operations.

“ We picked Moldova as an investment destination due to the benefits the Gov- ernment offers to the foreign investors, the costs of production and the strategic market for us. Main purpose for the dairy farm is to provide high quality milk during every month of the year. Favorable and geographical conditions are factors that help us achieve our goals.” Jim Boet Millstream Dairy

“ Moldova works hard on encouraging foreign companies to review it as a possible investment option. Moldova offers competitive financial support for the investments into sector and very cooperative state institutions, and, what is most important for us, a market with a high potential.” 2000km Perebinos Ecaterina

Sankt Petersburg Pukoven Stockholm

1500km

2000km Nijnii Novgorod Copenhagen Moscow 1000km Kaluga 1500km

Minsk Tolyatti Glewice Bremen Agriculture and 1000km Poznan Amsterdam Wolfsburg 500km 2000km Leipzig Genk Katowice 500km 1500km Food Processing Mlada Boleslav Kiev Lviv Kolin 1000km Paris Sindelfingen Republic of Moldova

Bratislava 500km Balti Zaporoje

Munchen Esztergom MD Gyor 500km Oradea Chisinau

Graz Pecs 1000km Timisoara Novo Mesto

Turin Pitesti 1500km

500km Craiova

Sarajevo 2000km

Pamplona 500km

Valls 1000km Istambul

Bursa Ankara

1500km

1000km

2000km 1500km

Jerusalem Cairo KEY FACTS Invest in Moldova helps you stitutes active in the industry, as well as meetings with relevant embassies, business associations, govern- We will assist you in setting up your operations in Mol- ment officials and other authorities. Official name Language Population dova. We support your project management activities Republic of Moldova Romanian (official) 3.55 million from the earliest stages of your expansion strategy. We Our team of consultants is at hand to provide you with Other spoken languages: Russian, Ukrainian, provide you with the industry information you need. the relevant background information on Moldova’s tax English, French, German, Italian, Turkish, Bulgarian This includes facts about the industrial competences and legal system, industry regulations, and the domes- throughout Moldova’s regions, as well as available tic labor market. Invest in Moldova experts help you Curency MDL Capital Chisinau Area create the appropriate financial package for your in- 2 sourcing and supply companies. 1 EUR = 21.63 MDL ca. 814,000 inhabitants 33,846 km vestment and put you in contact with suitable financial December 2016 Foreign companies profit from our rich experience in partners. Our specialists provide you with detailed in- identifying the business locations which best meet formation about available incentives, support you with € 4,514 € 5.78 billion their specific investment criteria. We help turn your re- the application process, and arrange contacts with lo- 44 3 40.3% quirements into concrete investment site proposals; cal developers. GDP per capita at PPP GDP current prices Doing Business 2015 Employment rate 2017 Rank 2015 2015 providing consulting services to ensure you make the right location decision. We coordinate site visits, meet- All of our investor-related services are treated with the > 1MIO Investment utmost confidentiality and are provided free of charge. 6% FEZ ings with potential partners, relevant existing investors, billion 0 % CIT 12% General regime universities, colleges, vocational schools and other in- € 5.78 EXCISE 9.7% CUSTOMS GDP current prices 0% DUTIES in FEZ Inflation rate 2015 in FEZ 2015 0% VAT STRATEGY EVALUATION DECISION & INVESTMENT

PROJECT MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE AND PROVIDING INFORMATION The biggest collection in the world with over 1.5 million bottles, recorded in the Guinness Book in 2005 belongs to Moldova.

Joint project Coordination and Only 7% of the world territory is suitable for walnuts cultivation. Moldova is fully included General data and Identifiation of Sector-specific management support of in these 7%, remaining one of the largest supplier of walnuts to the EU. statistics for investor sector-specific details & information assistance together negotiations feasability study investors of legislation with FEZs & IPs with local support Free Trade Agreements signed, with 43 countries, including: administration authorities • DCFTA (Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area) - 500 million; • CIS Commonwealth of Independent States (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) - 250 million; LOCATION CONSULTING / SCOPING MISSION SUPPORT • Free Trade Agreement with Turkey - 80 million; • CEFTA Central European Free Trade Agreement Site visit Identification of organization (Moldova, Macedonia, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, project-specific Bosnia and Herzegovina and UNMIK (Kosovo) - 30 million; locations Relevant site Information on Arranging meetings Final site decision • GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic FIN presentation and with public support SWE Identification of suitable locations preselection Development (Georgia, , Azerbaijan, NOR authorities, relevant sourcing private sector and Moldova) - 60 million. RUS opportunities representatives EST 880 million LVA LTU AFTERCARE / POSTINVESTMENT SUPPORT SERVICES Customers BLR GBR DEU POL CIS EU Facilitation and Identifaction of and Connecting with communication with Supporting CZE UKR duty-free general information relevant recruitment, publilc local and Advice on investors and AUS KAZ HUN on relevant tax, central authorities, associations in their FRA legal, tax and other administrative and ROM legal and adminis- efforts to improve market ITA consulting as well as relevant legal issues CEFTA GUAM trative issues companies. private sector the business climate BGR UZB representatives. ESP GRC TUR Contents

Executive summary ...... 2

Domestic sector overview ...... 3

Land use ...... 4

Farm structure ...... 5

Major agricultural products ...... 5

Organic agriculture...... 12

Bio energy production ...... 14

International trade...... 15

Main trade agreements ...... 16

Investment opportunities...... 18

Success stories...... 21 Executive Summary Export to EU countries Import from EU countries 7% 20.3% With its favorable climate and geographical Manufacturing 21.7% Manufacturing 9.3% conditions, rich resources and biological diversity, goods Different goods Different 7% Manufacturing Manufacturing agriculture is the main pillar of the Moldovan national Mineral fuels, goods goods lubricants and economy. The share of agricultural production related materials 3.7% 15.6% 20.6% in Moldova’s Gross Domestic Product stood at 11.2% Animal and vegetable oils, Mineral fuels, Machinery and around 12 percent during the last years. Together Crude materials, îfats and waves lubricants and transport inedible, except fuels related materials equipment with the processing industry it represents more 15.9% 10.8% Machinery and than 16 percent of the Gross Domestic Product 8.5% 18% Food and transport Crude materials, and approximately 45 percent of total exports. At Beverages equipment live animal and tobacco inedible, except fuels 2.2% the same time, agriculture still constitutes the most 24.9% Food and live animal Beverages and tobacco important social sector of the national economy, using over 27 percent of country’s labor force. Source: National Bureau of Statistics, 2015 Traditionally, the agriculture and processing indus- try represented the main branches of the national economy. Agro-food exports account for a signifi- Domestic Sector Overview cant part of total exports. The most export-oriented products are wine and spirits, as well as fruit and Agriculture has always been one of the leading sectors economy, placing Moldova among the main suppliers vegetables, both fresh and processed. These two To achieve stable growth in agro-food exports, there in the Moldovan economy, largely for natural reasons: of agricultural products and foodstuffs on the huge ex- categories alone account for more than 38 percent is a need to diversify and increase access to high the rich soil resources, biological diversity, good climate, USSR market. and geographical conditions. There is also a tradition of exports. value markets. Increasing exports to the EU would In 2015 the agro-industrial activity accounted for more of hardworking farmers and, more recently, private help achieve this diversification and provide access than 16 percent of GDP. to higher-value markets. Moldova supplies agricul- entrepreneurs interested in investing in Moldova’s At the same time, agriculture constitutes the most tural products in more than 70 countries. Moldo- agriculture. Agriculture has an important impact on important sector of the national economy, using over va’s main trade partners are the EU and CIS, which the social and economic development of Moldova, 27,000,000,000 MDL 27 percent of the country’s labor force. From 2010 to 2015, the agricultural production together account for 85% of the country’s foreign since it meets the majority of the population’s food grew by aprox. 7,000 milion lei, reaching the value trade. In 2015, the Republic of Moldova’s exports requirements domestically and prevents the country Agriculture represents the dominant land used in of ≈ 27,000 million MDL. to EU countries constituted 1.2 billion USD, while from being dependent on international sources, while Moldova. By far the most significant land used is imports from the EU represented 1.9 billion USD. suppling raw materials of other sectors dependent on for annual crop production. Much of this 2,480,000 ha agriculture. arable land sits on highly fertile and productive black Moldova offers a large range of agricultural products, , which cover 75 percent of the country, The entire agricultural lands cover 2.48 million Moldova has exceptional resources that are highly such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and livestock. hectares or 75 percent of the country’s territory. favorable to agricultural production. Its black, fertile especially in the northern districts. High quality soil Basic crops are winter and spring grains (, Out of which 1.82 million hectares are arable land, soil is ideal for growing corn, fruit, and vegetables. resources, along with various microclimates, support , ) sunflower, beet, potatoes 0.3 million hectares are perennial plantations. Traditionally, the agriculture and processing industry a wide array of annual and perennial crop production and vegetables, horticultural crops and fruits. The represented the main branches of the national across the country. main products in the Moldovan livestock sector 75% are poultry, pork, and beef. In 2015, the livestock Black soils amount to around production registered a growth of 2.2% compared 75 percent of the overall territory. to 2014.

2 Main varieties of vegetables grown are: tomatoes, 33,800 km onions, cabbage, cucumbers, pumpkins, peppers, Total area of the Republic of Moldova is 33,800 carrot, red beet, garlic, squash, aubergine, potherb, km2. and green peas. 360,000 ha Fruit production concentrates on: apples, plums, & 0.36 million hectares. sweet and sour cherries, pears, peaches & nectarines, quinces, apricots, soft fruit, walnuts, * Throughout the report, 2014 figures are used table and technical . in cases 2015 statistics have not yet been available.

2 3 The major advantages of doing agriculture in Moldova are: Farm Structure Favorable geographical location and climate, it is possible to grow early varieties of vegetables, which Moldovan agricultural sector is composed of two major sub-sectors: the corporate sector comprising large is a competitive advantage for Moldova. The country has moderate continental climate with short and companies and the individual sector that includes peasant farms and household land in private property. Small relatively mild winters and long summers. Moldova has good soils and sufficient water resourc- farms, especially subsistence and semi-subsistence farms generate a limited surplus of high value added crops es. (fruits, nuts, grapes, vegetables, potatoes) that are mostly sold in open air agricultural markets. Moldova’s population accumulated affluent experience and knowledge in growing high value crops At the same time, large scale agricultural companies are specialized in the production of low value added crops such as: fruits and vegetables, tobacco, as well as in and wine production. (such as , oilseeds, ), and employ limited labour force due to the high level of mechanized The fertile soil and adequate labor force are able to ensure efficient specialization in growing products for agricultural operations. This specialization has been driven by a number of factors, such as the relatively low export with high profitability and productivity. production cost of these crops, the availability of agricultural machinery allowing the rapid cultivation on large areas, relatively simple and cheap post-harvest facilities, as well as assured markets for these commodities. Land Use Agriculture holdings by size classes

The most important natural resource for the country’s economy is the soil. The chernozem types account Area (ha) No. of agricultural holdings for about 2/3 of the approximate 10 soil types found in the country. These soil types are some of the most Total 2,243,540 902,214 fertile soils, but they are also among the most receptive, and thus vulnerable to certain risk phenomena < 50 ha 24,568 638 (rain showers, droughts, etc.), as well as to the technogenic impact. 100 < 200 ha 89,859 621 Agricultural land use in the Republic of Moldova, 2016, thousands hectares 200 < 500 ha 314,416 963 2016 500 < 1,000 ha 378,418 550 1,000 < 2,500 ha 338,692 229 Land area, total 3,384 >2,500 ha 187,953 49 Agricultural land, 2,499 Source: General Agricultural Census, 2015 including: Arable land 1,822 Major Agricultural Products Perennial plantation 288 of which: With its rich soil, vast arable land and favorable climate, Republic of Moldova offers a wide range of agri- 132 cultural product groups, including fruits, vegetables grains, and livestock. 136 In 2015, agriculture output reached 26,805 million MDL. Pastures 345 Hayfields 2 Global agricultural production in current Fallow lands 40 prices, million MDL 17,089 17,755 leads to the disruption of crop rotation patterns, Forests 465 15,751 15,480 deterioration of livestock forage, increasing the Rivers and lakes 96 11,968 pressure on the lands to a level that leads to their 9,982 8,523 7,529 7,930 degradation. Production increases can be realized Other lands 323 6,347 in future by further diversification of crop varieties, Lands provided with 228 which as a result will also allow for optimized crop facilities rotation patterns. of which: 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Arable land 213 Crop production Animal production Perennial plantation 13 Source: National Bureau of Statistics, 2015 Source: Statistical Yearbook “Agricultura Republicii Moldova”, 2016 Plant growing has a dominant position in the structure of agricultural production; its share in the total agricultural production is about two-thirds. The share of animal production has declined in the 1990s as a reaction to increased energy prices and liberalization of the market. Cereals and industrial crops occupy about 90% of the area. Production of crops on arable lands has decreased, which

4 5 Fruits, Vegetables and their Processing 6 percent of agricultural land area. country. Plums mainly are produced in the Central part, peaches in the South and table grapes in the Moldova has all natural conditions necessary for in- Vegetable production remains one of the main Southern and Central areas. Vegetable production, tensive development of . From old times, branches of the horticultural sector in the Repub- greenhouse and open field are scattered throughout this branch has been and is likely to remain one of 308,000 tons per year lic of Moldova, aimed to ensure the population with the country, based on water accessibility and soil the main pillars of the national agriculture, because fresh vegetables and the canning industry with raw quality. it is a source of wealth, leading to efficiency of the material. Relatively favourable climatic conditions entire agricultural sector of the country. of the country, traditions and experience allows the The total annual production of fruits is about 486 cultivation of over 60 species of vegetable crops, thousand tons, with apples the first most important Fruit-growing represents one of the main strategic obtaining high yields and good profit for most veg- crop accounting for a minimum of 70 percent of to- branches of the national economy, accounting for etable crops. This is confirmed by vegetable devel- tal production (ca. 308 thousand tons, depending around 40 percent of the agricultural production opment indices registered in the period of 80 – 90s on the year). Plums are the second most important value. Moldova is a net exporter of fruits, and from of the last century, when the annual gross harvest crop with annual volumes of around 100 thousand 2003 a net importer of vegetables. With vegetables, of vegetables constituted 1,200 – 1,300 thousand tons, followed by cherries (6 thousand tons), and, however, being a net importer is due to the off-sea- tons, including 700 thousand tons processed by peaches (25 thousand tons) and apricots (8 thou- son import of products that are grown seasonally canneries and more than 250 thousand tons ex- sand tons). Approximately 85 thousand tons of ta- (May-November) in Moldova. The local production ported fresh. However, over the years the vegetable ble grapes are produced annually. and marketing could be extended to pro- production has dropped considerably. According to vide more competition to imports over a greater statistical data, it declined to 245 thousand tons in The total annual production of vegetables is about time period. 2015. 246 thousand tons excluding potatoes, which The market structure for fruits and vegetables 160,000 tons per year alone account for another 160 thousand tons. The in Moldova includes the following distribution The average annual area of planted open field vege- main vegetable crops produced in open fields are channels: approximately one hundred open air mar- tables is 60 thousand hectares, while the protected tomatoes (54 thousand tons), cabbage (17 thou- kets, four wholesale markets, one hundred super- area (greenhouses) for growing vegetables has a sand tons), onions (38 thousand tons), peppers markets, and a myriad of small kiosks. In addition, surface area of 170 hectares. (9 thousand tons), cucumbers (17 thousand tons), there is HoReCa (Hotels, Restaurants, Cafes, the pumpkins (32 thousand tons), carrots (26 thousand foodservice sector) that buys directly from the open Geographically, the main zones for production of tons), red beets (18 thousand tons), and garlic (12 air and wholesale markets, as well as directly from apples and potatoes are in the Northern part of the thousand tons), with averages fluctuating by 10 per- growers and retailers. Besides those commercial cent year by year. In greenhouses, total production channels, a large portion of rural households con- approximates 2 thousand tons of vegetables. sume and preserve their production for their own consumption or informal exchange with their neigh- bors. It draws a picture of a relatively stable consumption pattern with some small variations from year to year. Total production of vegetables and fruits, thousands of tons

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 135,000 ha in 2015 Vegetables 362 231 292 327 245 Fruits 378 380 419 497 486

Source: National Bureau of Statistics

Overall Moldova has very good conditions for pro- ducing horticultural crops. Official statistics in 2015 indicated that the total area of fruit and nut plan- tations is 136 thousand hectares, including 61 thousand hectares of apple orchards, 22 thousand hectares of plums, 25 thousand hectares of nuts, 8 thousand hectares of peaches, 4 thousand hec- tares of cherry, which combined account for about

6 7 Vine and wine depending on the variety and climatic conditions. mittent basis, because domestic stock is more ex- turing branch has a quite extended market, about Walnuts plantations have registered a rapid growth pensive than imported frozen meat. The production 25 countries, including CIS countries, USA, China, Wine-making is an essential branch of the economy. since the year 2000, from an area of 4,000 hec- of the processing industry is exported mainly to the Switzerland, Germany, Kazakhstan, Czech Repub- The share of viticulture and winemaking in global tares up to 25,000 hectares in 2015 compared to CIS states. Animal products exported from Moldova lic, and Mongolia. agricultural output is about 15 percent and respec- 14 thousand hectares in 2013. Thus, the amount of to the EU are currently restricted to honey, egg pow- tively 23 percent from the total agro food export. exports grew from 39 million USD in 2007 to more der, and animal by-products. Moldovan authorities Just one tenth of cereals are milled, the rest being than 100 million USD in 2014. cooperate intensively with the EU in order to enable used as fodder. Around one fourth of milk is pro- In 2015, the vineyards covered a total area of meat exports in a short period of time. In 2015, in cessed and less than 10% of meat and pulses. 137,000 hectares, over 95 percent of the areas 25,000 ha in 2015 the Republic of Moldova were produced approxi- Most sugar beets are processed, as are 70% of oil being privately owned. The existing wine production mately 9 ,000 tones beef, 72, 000 tones pork, and crops. companies have a wine processing capacity 47,000 tones poultry meat. of 1 million tons and storage of over 800 million liters. Over 80 percent of companies processing The dairy industry is based pri- grapes are equipped with modern machinery marily on the supply of raw milk and technology. Secondary wine units have been from small producers, compa- reassembled almost entirely with modern bottling ny-owned collection centres and lines. The volume of grape processing and wine dairy cooperatives with collec- production from raw material increased to the level tion centres financed by the dairy of 500,000 tons and approximately 250 million liters companies or through donor of wine. Exports progress depends on the markets. Processing programs. Further investments Total exports in 2015 amounted to ca. 160 million in milk processing facilities will USD, mainly because of lower exports to Russia. 60 Fruit and vegetable processors can be divided into lead to increase the subsector percent of the exported wine went to CSI countries, two main groups: the first comprises a small num- efficiency, both productivity and accounting for a value of approximately 65 million ber of large firms, focused on export markets and quality of the milk. USD. producing about 80% of the total sector output; Annually, approximately 20 per- and about 80 small and medium canneries, mainly cent of all vegetables and 55 per- serving the domestic market. Together these firms cent of all fruits are processed. process from 300,000 to 350,000 tons of raw ma- The total volume of fruits and terial, mainly apples, plums, and vegetables. The vegetables processed is approx- main products are concentrated apple juice, fruit imately 300-350 thousand tons and tomato paste, canned fruits and vegetables. per year. However, the potential of the fruit and vegetable processing industry is utilized at only one third of its Eight companies (Orhei-Vit, Al- capacity. fa-Nistru, Ecovit, Natur Bravo, Fortuna Plus, Covali & Co, VM Moldova’s meat-processing industry is highly con- PlumCom, and Monsterax-GSG) solidated, while official statistical data indicate there export a diverse range of prod- were 90 meat processing enterprises and produc- ucts, including apple juice (clari- tion units in 2014. “Carmez” in Chisinau and 29 fied and with pulp), fruit nectars, “Basarabia Nord” in Balti dominate the domestic fruit drinks, and preserved fruits market, together representing about 2/3 of the local and vegetables. Canned fruits market. Along with “Carmez International” (Belgian and vegetables have the most joint venture separated from “Carmez”), these com- significant export volumes includ- Walnut production and processing panies dominate the export market and have strong ing peas, corn, and whole toma- brands. All three companies import about 85-95% According to the International Trade Centre in Ge- toes. Additional processed items of their meat and offal raw material, and nearly all of neva, Moldova is one of the largest exporters of are tomato pastes and ketchups, their ingredients are used for manufacture of sau- walnuts to Europe, after USA, Mexico, and China. purees for babies, jams, pre- sages and ham. A handful of other manufacturers serves, and specialty items, while supply sausages and smoked meats to the super- Walnuts are grown on 25 thousand hectares, an more than 90 percent of pro- market and small shop outlets in cities and towns. area that has been consistently expanding. Aver- duction is for export. Manufac- age productivity varies from 2 to 3 tons per hectare, Meat companies operate their abattoirs on an inter- 8 9 Dried fruits production Grains The main crops cultivated in Moldova include reasons behind this deficiency are the production in wheat, barley, and corns. The majority of products smallsized farms and the inefficiency in input usage. The Moldovan dried fruit sector includes a few large The sector producing cereals and -based produced within this sub-sector are provided for the Production of wheat, barley, and corn, and medium sized companies and a larger number products in the Republic of Moldova has quite a domestic market. The main trade markets are Ro- thousands of tons of smaller companies, all competing amongst each diverse composition and includes both small and mania, Russia, Germany, Italy, and Turkey. other. Over the past three years, Moldova produced large operators, state owned and private compa- 2012 2013 2014 2015 between 2,000 – 3,500 tons of dried fruits (mostly nies. The task of the agricultural sector in the devel- The majority of products manufactured within this Wheat 495 1,009 1,102 922 plums, but also apples, cherries, pears, etc.) per opment of the cereals and cereal-based production sub-sector are provided for the domestic market, Barley 118 219 221 179 year, depending on the growing conditions and is to ensure both, the food security of the country except for small/minor quantities of biscuits, which Corn 572 1,419 1,556 1,077 availability of raw materials. Export levels are usually and sustain the employment level. are exported. Although Moldova is an important Sun-flower 296 505 548 485 about 70 percent of production. The EU absorbs producer of grains, with a wheat yield of 3 tons per Soy 48 66 109 48 Currently, the cereals and cereal-based production about 80 percent of Moldova’s dried fruit exports; hectare in 2015, it is still lagging behind the EU-27 Source: National Bureau of Statistics, 2015 CIS countries, primarily Russia, Belarus, and is not operating at its full capacity due to a series of average yield of 5.66 tons per hectare. The main Ukraine, accounting for the remaining 20 percent. problems existing in this field. In comparison with the EU countries, yields obtained in the Republic of Moldova from one hectare are lower, but are close Livestock 4,000 tons during 2011-2014 (per annum) to those obtained in neighbouring countries. The Between 1995 and 2010, livestock decreased structural and technical aspects of the sector corre- by 56 percent, pig production by 45 percent, and spond to the nature of agriculture in the Republic of sheep and goats by 35 percent. The fall in livestock Moldova and the extensive character of subsistence numbers was the consequence of inefficient re- farming. In the Republic of Moldova, cereal crops structuring of large animal and bird farms, and also account for 35% of the total area of agricultural land the consequence of a lack of investment funds. and even more of the total sown area – about 60 – During the last years, this trend slowed down and 65%. The most important role in the value chain of even started to partly reverse. cereals and cereal-based products is held by trad- ers and to a less extent by operators of the bakery Livestock production in Moldova is very sensitive to industry. climate changes, mainly through a lack or shortage of fodder. 2.87 tons per hectare in 2014 Moldova is importing approximately 60 percent of its consumption of dairy and beef products, with only 40 percent coming from domestic production. Pork is the most extensively produced type of meat.

In particular, pork is one of the most popular meat types for Moldovan customer, since it is much more affordable than beef. Moldova’s pork production was 45 thousand tons in 2008 and increased by 63 percent in 2014, reaching 72 thousand tons.

Livestock by categories of producers, thousands heads

2012 2013 2014 2015

Cattle 144 134 189 191

Swine 439 410 420 483

Sheep and goats 838 824 849 875

Source: National Bureau of Statistics, 2015

10 11 Organic Agriculture The area of certified organic land represents almost 2 percent of the total arable area. Currently, sales of organic processed Moldova has had an organic marketing law foods are growing in Western Europe, and the implementing regulations since 2006. amounting to 37 billion EUR. There are five certification bodies. What Turning production over to organic is striking is the high level of government products might revitalize the Moldovan support, surpassing even many Western food processing sector. Organic agri- European governments and featuring unique culture demands considerable man- interventions, such as government support to ual work and non-use of chemicals. market 20 percent in value of domestic sales. The governmental institutions are fully aware of the enormous export po- The Republic of Moldova holds many of the tential of organic agricultural and food various prerequisites necessary for organic products. agro-food production development. These include the following: favorable conditions Moldova is the country in the Eastern for the cultivation of a large spectrum of eco- Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia re- logical and organic value-added agricultural gion (EECCA) with the most developed plants (vegetables, fruits and vines, essential organic sector, both commercially and and oleaginous crops, etc.); ecological soil in terms of policy and government in- conditions, mainly based on large reduction of volvement. The organic sector does chemicals used in agriculture over the last 10 not have a long history, but combined years; protection of agricultural plants against efforts by NGOs, private investors, and diseases and pests, which can be ensured the Government has led Moldova ex- through the application of integrated organic porting to the around systems and crop rotation etc. 81 thousand tons of organic products at a value of 403 million USD in 2014. Among the major certified products exported are wine, walnuts, dried fruit, sunflower seeds and soybeans, essential lavender oil, etc. The main markets for organic production are the Evolution of organic surfaces, hectares native community in particular: Austria, Bel- ha gium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, 70,000 Holland, Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain. 61,280 60,000 Legislation has recently been harmonized 50,000 with the EU requirements, in particular there were regulations adopted on ecological 40,000 principals and methods of processing organic 51,681 food production, inspection and certification 32,450 30,000 system in the field, and organic food products 22,102 import and export. There are 60 companies 20,000 16,585 registered at the Ministry of Agriculture and 11,755 7,345 , owning lands with ecologic 10,000 168 production. 80 250 715 0 The market of Moldovan organic products is mainly the European Union. 95 percent of vegetal organic products (cereals, oilseeds and protein, berries and herbs) are exported to Germany, Switzerland, , and Great -10,000 Britain. In 2006, the export volume of organic products amounted to 4,165 tons, while in 2014 it raised up to 81 -20,000 thousand tons. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: National Bureau of Statistics, 2014

12 13 Export of organic products, tons International Trade Share of main partner 90,000 countries in total agricultural exports,% 80,817 The Republic of Moldova has a range of foreign 80,000 trade agreements that create opportunities for 22.7% commercial relations with 93 countries. The main 18.6% 70,000 trade partners for export of agri-food products are Russia 12.2% 18.1% 60,000 Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Romania, Italy, France, and Spain. During the last years, agri-food exports Italy 10% 10.4% 50,000 have had a stable increasing trend. However, the Germany 6% sanctions imposed by the Russian authorities could 5.9% 40,000 32,860 negatively affect the agri-food exports of the coun- Belarus 6.7% 5.8% 30,000 try, economic stability, and food security. Ukraine 2.3% 18,650 4.7% 20,000 The main export destination countries for these 14,500 15,400 Great Britain 7% 11,600 groups of products are Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, 4.6% 6,750 10,000 4,165 Romania, Italy, France, and Spain. Only the prod- 3.3% 3,675 Turkey 1,373 2,486 uct groups of oil seeds and were not 4.5% 0 tones 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 included in the restriction list imposed by Russian Poland 3.5% 2.8% Source: Ministry of Agriculture, 2014 authorities. Switzerland 1.8% 2.1% The agrifood trade had a positive balance of 328 2015 Bio Energy Production Kazahstan 3% million USD in 2015 and the share of agrifood ex- 1.9% 2014 The main goal of the policy prepared by the Ministry of Demonstration projects that raise awareness of the ports in total exports of 46 percent, while the share Bulgaria 1.4% 1.6% Agriculture and Food Industry on the use and exploita- population to use biomass and remove technical bar- of agrifood imports in total imports stood at 14 per- cent. France 2.2% tion of the energy potential of biomass is the partial riers for biomass use will contribute to a more sus- 1.6% and gradual substitution of fossil fuel, by processing tainable development of agriculture. The strategy is The main exported goods are wines and spirits, biomass into briquettes and pellets to be used for do- developed based on the provisions stipulated by the fruits and nuts, and oilseeds. The largest deficits are mestic and social purposes (heating social institutions: Renewable Energy Law, no.160 from 12.07.2007. Share of the main partner generated by tobacco, fish products, flour, dairy, kindergartens, schools, culture houses, hospitals, clin- countries in total agricultural imports,% pastas, chocolate, and meat. ics, medical centres etc.), ensuring durability, efficien- cy, and competitiveness. The volume of agrifood imports has decreased in Romania 13.9% 15.1% the last 5 years, from 591 million USD in 2010 to Russia 13.4% 586 million USD in 2015. 13.5% Ukraine 9.3% In 2015, agricultural and agrifood products were ex- 10.3% ported for a total value of 915 million USD, with 5 China 9.2% 9.0% million USD more than in the previous year. Germany 8.1% 8.0% Whinin the total Agriculture export of the country Italy 7% in 2015, the largest share was held by the plant 6.6% products, accounting for 55 percent (502 million Turkey 7.2% 5.7% USD). Poland 3.1% 2.9% Foodstuffs, alcoholic drinks, tobacco and tobacco, Belorus 2.1% articles amounted to 303 million USD, ca. 33 per- 3.2% cent of the total agriculture exports. Animal oils and Austria 2.2% 2.1% fat forms amounted to 72 million USD or 8 percent 2015 France 2.0% of the total agriculture exports. 1.8% 2014 Hungary 1.7% Exported livestock products amounted to 38 million 1.6% USD or 4 percent of total value of agriculture exports. Bulgaria 1.7% 1.5%

14 15 a branch office on a non-discriminatory basis, benefit- Although the exports from Moldova to CEFTA coun- ting from the same treatment as domestic companies tries are fairly low, they have an important role in sup- in the partner’s market. porting Moldova’s efforts to be included in the Western Balkans perspective of joining the EU, thus reinforcing An important part of the DCFTA is aligning Moldo- the relevance of the CEFTA agreement in achieving the van trade-related laws to selected EU legislative acts. objective of Moldova’s accession to the EU. The com- Adoption by Moldova of EU approaches to policy-mak- mercial relations of Moldova with CEFTA countries are ing will improve governance, strengthen the rule of law governed by the preferential trade arrangements pro- and provide more economic opportunities by opening vided by CEFTA, which require almost total liberaliza- further the EU market to the Moldovan goods and ser- tion of imports of industrial and agricultural products vices. It will also attract foreign investment to Moldova. from CEFTA countries, except for imports of wine from the Republic of Macedonia, which carry a 1,000 hec- CIS tolitres duty free tariff quota. CEFTA also provides an Moldova is part of the CIS Free Trade Area (FTA). The individual mechanism for trade disputes settlement or respective FTA Agreement entered into force on 20th usage of the instrument provided by the WTO. of September, 2012 and repealed the previous bilat- Double Tax Treaties and Mutual Protection of eral free trade agreements within the CIS. The CIS Investments Treaties FTA is currently applicable for six CIS countries. The aim of this Agreement is to establish conditions for a Moldova has signed comprehensive double taxation free transfer of goods and services, to provide mutual agreements with 48 countries, of which 45 are in trade balance, to stabilize domestic economic con- force. The Double Tax Treaties may provide for more ditions and to promote growth of the economic po- favorable tax regimes than those provided by the local Grain silos and container terminal at Giurgiulesti Port tential of the member states on the basis of mutual legislation. As guidance on the interpretation of Dou- cooperation. Although the FTA provides for a free tax In 2015, the Republic of Moldova imported agrifood Main Trade Agreements ble Tax Treaties and, correspondingly, for tax admin- trade regime, there are still certain exceptions, usually products of a total value of 586 million USD, with istration purposes, the Commentaries to the OECD asymmetric in nature. In 2002, Georgia, Ukraine, Azer- 89 million USD less than in 2015. Within the total Trade policies Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital are baijan, and Moldova signed the GUAM agreement re- volume of imports, foodstuffs, alcoholic drinks, to- used by the tax authorities and taxpayers. Additional The trade policies promoted by the Republic of Moldo- garding the creation of a free trade zone. Its scope is bacco and tobacco products prevail, accounting guarantees and support to investors are offered by 40 va are mostly geared towards attracting investment in to eliminate customs fees and other taxes with equiva- for 46 percent (272 million USD), deacresing with bilateral treaties signed between Moldova and various the national economy, which can stimulate innovation, lent effect and quantitative limitations on trade, as well 67 million USD compared to 2014. Imported plant countries for the mutual guarantee of investments. transfer of know-how and production of competitive as to eliminate the barriers for free movement of goods products amounted to 195 million USD, accounting goods for domestic and foreign markets, creation of and services. for 33 percent of total imports. high added value and efficient technical and economic Central European Animal, plant oils and fat imported in the Republic infrastructure, in order to maximize the existing eco- Free Trade Agreement of Moldova constitute 3 percent of total agriculture nomic potential. Due to its favourable geographical (CEFTA) imports, amounting to 20 million USD. position, Republic of Moldova is an attractive location for international organizations and trans-national cor- In 2006, Moldova signed Imported livestock products amounted 100 million porations, and the country is becoming increasingly the Central European Free USD in 2015, or 17 percent of total import value. important as a place to conduct business between Trade Agreement (CEFTA), western and eastern markets. About 95 percent of the alcoholic products are ex- which came into force on ported to foreign markets of around 55 countries. Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area 1st of May, 2007. CEFTA (DCFTA) allows duty free access to To achieve stable growth in agrifood exports, there the market of countries of is a need to diversify and increase access to high The DCFTA sets up a free-trade area between the EU the South-Eastern part of value markets. Increasing exports to the EU would and Moldova, in line with the principles of the World Europe. At this stage, the help achieve this diversification and provide access Trade Organisation. It removes import duties for most present signing parties are to higher-value markets. Meeting the requirements goods traded between the EU and Moldova and pro- Moldova, Albania, Bosnia of global food supply chains is the challenge facing vides for broad mutual access to trade in services. It and Herzegovina, Croa- the agrifood sector and, at the same time, an op- also includes provisions on establishment, which allow tia, Macedonia, Serbia, portunity for international investors. EU and Moldovan companies to set up a subsidiary or Montenegro, and Kosovo. Giurgiulesti Port

16 17 Investment Opportunities is produced according to the same technology as vermouth. Sparkling wines production technologies Viticulture and Wine industry investment are the same as Champagne while Divines are using opportunities the Cognac technology process.

Overview: Unique collection: The collection of wine from The wine industry represents an essential branch of Milestii Mici was included in the Guinness Book at the Moldovan economy. Approximately 15 percent the category “The largest collection of quality wines of the national annual budget is formed of incomes in the world” (1.5 million bottles). generated by viticulture. The total area of wine- Quality: Distinct qualities: taste, flavor, properties, producing plantations is 137 thousand hectares of varieties. vineyards, including 130 thousand hectares of yielding plantations, with over 30 types of technical varieties. Investment opportunities: There are 4 historical wine regions: Valul lui Traian (south west), Stefan Voda (south east), Codru (center), and • Implementing product’s quality and safety stand- Balti (north); first three are destined for the production ards in wineries of wines with protected geographic indication. • Re-equipment of wineries • Installation of seven zone laboratories to deter- Livestock sector • Integrated meat production and processing. mine products’ safety Overview: Meat consumption is increasing fast. The most fea- • replanting Livestock is an important branch of agriculture, which sible way to meet the demand of pork and beef in is focused on breeding, reproduction, improvement of the country is conversion to feedlot fattening. Thus Fruit and vegetables sector breeds, and exploitation of agricultural animals. Grow- feedlot fattening offers a good investment opportu- Overview: ing and improvement of animal breeds is necessary nity. Furthermore, establishment of slaughterhous- to ensure the population with animal products, of the es and model butcheries with grading system and Fruit-growing represents one of the main strate- food industry and light industry – with raw material, of commercial cuts will add value. Moreover, there is gic branches of the national economy, accounting the agriculture – with organic . tremendous scope and need to establish slaughter- for around 40 percent of the agricultural produc- house by-product plants for further profitability. tion value. The area under fruit plantations in 2015 Livestock sector consists of the following main acounted 132,000 hectares. As for the vegetables branches: breeding and fattening cattle, pigs, sheep • Setting up new large breeding and fattening farms. production, the annual harvest registers around 400 and goats, poultry, and horses. Today, Moldova is thousand tons, on average. Vegetables are export- Large farms can serve as primary source of sale The annual vintage is 400 – 500 thousand tons. The importing approximately 60 percent of its consump- ed into 23 countries of the world. of genetically superior animals for new farms, dairy Moldovan viticulture can be characterized as including tion of dairy and meat products, with only 40 per- colonies (which have high turnover of animals), and a large variety of species, 90 percent of which repre- cent coming from domestic production. In 2015, export. sents European ones. Around 20 percent of produced Advantages: the total value of imported meat into the country wine is consumed by the domestic market, while 80 Raw material availability; Raw material quality, in was approximately 26 million USD. percent is being exported. Other strategic sectors for potential invest- adequate varieties for the types of finished products ment that will be manufactured; Harvesting and transport Investment opportunities: Advantages: practices, and organisation from the field to the pro- a. Walnut: Moldova is one of the largest Europe- • Renovation and operation of existing farms. Geographical area: Natural factors of Moldova as cessing centre; Availability of workforce in the area an exporters of walnuts (shelled and nut kernel), a combination of a unique microclimate (sun, , and training resources; Availability of utilities: elec- The Republic of Moldova used to have a very strong accounting for a total value of 100 million USD. and temperature), fertile soil, favorable geographical tricity, etc. livestock sector when it formed part of the USSR. The walnut growing area constitutes around position on the same latitude as France and North- Existing infrastructure allows investors to start oper- 25,000 hectares, and is constantly expanding ern Italy. Investment opportunities: ations in a very short time. over the last years, especially through plantation • Planting new orchards of walnut industrial orchards. The sector has an Traditions: Viticulture and winemaking is an activity, • Cattle feed mills. • Fruit and vegetables storage enormous non-used potential in terms of exten- which has been practiced in Moldova over millenia. • Fruit and vegetables processing: Canning facili- Cattle feed industry is now emerging, but it is still sion of areas. Novel variety: The wine produced in Ialoveni is actu- ties for production of fruit puree and concentrated produced below potential. The demand for live- To make this potential efficient and operating, an ally a Xeres wine, Prometheu is in fact a Porto wine, juices; equipment and technology are required for stock feed of various types (dairy, fattening, bulls, adequate storing and processing infrastructure, as the Moldovan equivalent of Cahor are red and rosé storage, packaging and, long distance transpor- etc.) potentially increase further, thus cattle feed in- well as relevant market diversification are needed. dessert wines; “Pastoral”, “Bouquet of Moldova“ tation of fresh products; drying; instant freezing; dustry will probably grow. production of ingredients and additives. 18 19 b. Sugar Industry: The complex includes two Why invest in the agricultural sector in main segments – sugar beet producers and Moldova? sugar beet seeds producers and traders. Cur- • Encouraging investments through a subsidy rently, sugar beet in Moldova is processed by fund, which is very competitive and covers the 2 companies – JSC “Südzucker Moldova” and entire spectrum of agricultural activities. Mol- “Moldova Zahar”, which supply sugar in the do- dova’s location: access to EU and CIS markets mestic market, while the sugar surplus is being (free trade regimes and geographical location); exported. The annual domestic market demand is around 85 to 90 thousand tons of sugar and • The fertile soil and favorable climate conditions: the country export potential about 70 - 90 thou- the main conditions required to develop inten- sand tons. sive agriculture; c. Oleaginous plants and industry: The main ole- • High efficiency of a profitable agro-industrial aginous plants in Moldova are sunflower, soy, sector; and rape. The overall production volume of these plants in 2015 amounted to 485, 48, and • Large popularity of Moldovan brands on CIS 16 thousand tons respectively. The oleaginous markets: high quality of Moldovan products rec- sector includes around 300 small- and medi- ognized in all former USSR regions; um-sized enterprises (oil mills), which annually Demonstration field Südzucker Moldova • Ecologically pure products in Moldova: the process approximately 80-90 thousand tons of products in Moldova have remarkable gustative Success stories sun-flower, partially satisfying the domestic mar- quality provided at exclusively accessible prices. ket demand. The JSC “Floarea-Soarelui” is the Südzucker The production capacities of the agro-industrial main oil producer (of both sun-flower and soy complex are located at short distance from raw Südzucker AG is a very well known German com- Soon after Südzucker’s arrival, thousands of peo- oil), having a production capacity of 300 thou- material location and are placed uniformly within pany. With a production of some 5 million tons, ple obtained stable employment. Understanding sand tons per year. the country territory; Südzucker Group is the market leader in the sugar Moldovan realities, Südzucker undertook mana- d. : The rich soils and the skilled, sector. The Group’s European factories are based gerial and organizational steps to make sure its • Extremely competitive labor force and availabili- available, relatively cheap labor force represent in France, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Poland, investments reaped proper results within optimal ty of qualified staff; an opportunity for the increase of the demand the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Hungary, time frames. In its effort to increase the quality of for organic farming products in western mar- • Possibility of setting up joint ventures; and Moldova. It operates 43 sugar factories and 2 the raw material supplies, Südzucker completely kets, providing huge investment opportunities in refineries. changed the system. It established a raw material • Potential to develop the local market. this area. supply development division to help growers. The In 2001, on the basis of the earlier purchase of Mol- division organizes regular workshops and field-days dovan sugar processing facilities in Drochia, Alex- where the company and its suppliers discuss meth- andreni, and Falesti, Südzucker-Moldova JSC was ods of obtaining optimal yields. As a result of this established. Südzucker-Moldova JSC produced approach, local growers have changed to new vari- 83,000 tons of sugar last year, 56 percent of the eties of sugar beet and learned new pest manage- production of the Moldovan sugar sector. In mone- ment, maintenance and harvesting technologies. tary terms, Südzucker’s annual turnover in Moldova Regardless of the fact that energy is slightly cheap- grew to 37 million EUR during the last year of oper- er in Ukraine and Russia, Südzucker has managed ation. When Südzucker AG came to Moldova, the to make the product competitive on those markets. sugar industry was in such a dismal state that many In almost five years, the company invested over 12 questioned whether Moldova even needed a sugar million EUR in renovating production, marketing, industry. Before investing, the company discovered and institutional facilities. In September 2015, Süd- a need to introduce new management systems into zucker Moldova launched a new drier for grains and the industry. It allocated the management of key oil-seeds. processes to several professional managers who valued openness and transparency – values the The equipment is powered by hot water and elec- company prizes highly. Südzucker set constructive tricity produced by the bio gas plant. The bio gas relations with the public, growers and government plant is an investment implemented by the compa- authorities, contributing to serious changes in legal ny in 2013. frame conditions of the industry.

20 21 SUCCESS STORIES & AGRICULTURAL COMPETENCES

Mohyliv-Podolikyi

In 2010, Millstream started to develop a plan for setting up a dairy farm in Moldova. Years of preparation Otaci UKRAINE Ocniţa have finally led, in 2013, to the launch of a dairy farm, with the purpose to have 250 cows on average at Briceni Nistru full production. Dondușeni Edineţ Soroca In the village Goleni (Edinet region in the Northem part of Moldova) the yard and buildings of an old state farm were purchased, with the objective to develop a modern dairy farm. For this purpose, a totally new Drochia Rîșcani dairy stable has been constructed by a local construction company. This new stable is based upon dutch Florești LTD BrioInvest Group design, machinery, and equipment. Besides the farm and constructed buildings, Millstream Moldova has Costești Șoldănești BĂLŢI 250 ha of agricultural land at its disposal, for growing crops to feed the cows. Glodeni

Sîngerei Rezina LTD Regional Meat At this moment, the farm has 160 cows with the plan to grow to 250. LTD BMO Grup/SEWM AGRAR GMBH Fălești Main purpose of the dairy farm is to provide high quality milk during every month of the year. This high Telenești quality milk is collected by the major dairy producers in Moldova. Orhei

Ungheni Călărași Strășeni Criuleni

Nisporeni CHIȘINĂU

Ialoveni Anenii Noi Hîncești

Căușeni

Nistru Cimișlia Ștefan Vodă

Leova Odessa

Basarabeasca Dnestrovsky Liman Regional Meat Prut Cantemir COMRAT Belgorod Dnestrovsk Regional Meat entered Moldovan market in 2014, Tvardita by renting a pig farm to test the business climate and the market. After one year of experience, the Ceadîr-Lunga

Danish businessmen decided to invest in livestock Cahul sector. The main objective was to develop a mod- ROMANIA Taraclia ern pig farm by implementing danish technologies.

Vulcănești At the beginning of 2015, Regional Meat purchased Bolgrad an existing pig farm, with a production surface of Focsani 54,000 m2, which allows them to have a capacity of LEGEND Galati Kilia Shoes Glass manufacturing Water bottling 100,000 piglets per year. The farm is located in the Izmail Carpet Cardboard manufacturing Food products Kilia Branch village of Cinisauti, Rezina district. Braila Garment & Knit wear Metal processing Winery

Furniture Gravel & stone extraction Chocolate Sulina Branch At this moment, Regional Meat has 40 employees Tulcea Sulina Sf. Gheorghe Branch and a total production capacity of 30,000 pigs. All Seat covers Energetics Bakery BLACK Textile tapes Wires and harnesses Cigarette and tobacco the pigs are sold locally. Buzau Rubber & Plastic injection Ceramic tiles Dairy products Razim lake SEA Main purpose of the farm is to deliver high quality Steel casting Alcohol & bioethanol Meat processing Pumps Railway Beer meat to the costumers locally and internationally. Constanta Construction material Cannery Brandy production

Istambul Electronics Sugar Pharmaceuticals 22 23 H03 FREE ECONOMIC ZONES M05 Chernivtsi, UA - 105km Ivano-Frankovsk, UA - 215km & INDUSTRIAL PARKS Katowice, PL - 768km Kaluga, RU - 1063km Lviv, UA - 341km Kiev, UA - 385km Tychy, PL - 771km Mohyliv-Podolskyi, UA - 0.5km MD: Criva Vinnytsa, UA - 120km UA: Mamaliga MD: Otaci UKRAINE UA: Mogiliov-Podolisc

MD: Briceni UA: Rososeni Mohyliv-Podolikyi P63 Otaci MD: Unguri Ocnita UA: Bronnita Briceni H10 M14 Nistru Prut Edinet Donduseni M05 Soroca

Cupcini M4 Drochia M2 Baia Mare, RO - 443km Bototsani, RO - 55km Rișcani Suceava, RO - 97km Floresti MD: Costesti M14 M4 RO: Stinca Soldanesti BALŢI Ribnita Glodeni Rezina 24D Singerei M2 M4 M13 Falesti M14 Telenesti M05

Iasi, RO - 24km Orhei MD: Sculeni M21 RO: Sculeni Calarasi Dubasari Ungheni Criuleni 24C ROMANIA Grigoriopol Iasi Straseni Nisporeni M4

CHIȘINAU M14 Ialoveni TIRASPOL M05

Anenii Noi M14 M4 Hincesti M3 Arad, RO - 654km Slobozia Bucharest, RO - 407km Craiova, RO - 641km Causeni Pitesti, RO - 531km MD: Leuseni Odessa, UA - 77km RO: Albita Stefan Voda MD: Palanca Cimișlia UA: Udobnoe Nistru Leova

Basarabeasca Dnestrovsky Liman Prut MD: Basarabeasca 24 UA: Serpniovoe 1 MD: Tudora UA: Starokazacie Cantemir COMRAT Tvardita

Ceadir-Lunga LEGEND MD: Ceadir- Lunga Bucharest, RO - 255km Cahul UA: Novie Troiani FEZ Border pass Constanta, RO - 215km Craiova, RO - 481km Taraclia Airport Galati, RO - 10km FEZ Subzone Pitesti, RO - 370km MD: Mirnoe Sea / river port Timisoara, RO - 697km UA: Tabachi MD: Giurgiulesti RO: Galati Bolgrad Industrial Park i Route number MD: Vulcanesti UA: Vinogradovca FEZ location name Giurgiulesti Kilia FEZ Otaci Business FEZ Marculesti Hub Airport (Marculesti, Floresti rayon) MD: Giurgiulești Danube UA: Reni Izmail 22E FEZ Balti Kilia Branch - FEZ Balti / Subzone Straseni - FEZ Balti / Subzone Causeni Sulina Branch - FEZ Balti / Subzone Orhei Tulcea Sulina - FEZ Balti / Subzone Cahul Sf. Gheorghe Branch FEZ Ungheni Business BLACK Buzau FEZ Expo Business Chisinau FEZ Tvardita Razim lake SEA FEZ Taraclia FEZ Valcanes (Vulcanesti) FEZ Giurgiulesti24 Free International Port (GFIP) Constanta

Istambul