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Italian Journal of Agrometeorology 2038-5625 n. 2 – 2019 n. Italian Journal of Agrometeorology n. 2 – 2019 Rivista Italiana di Agrometeorologia Italian Journal of Agrometeorology Italian Journal of Rivista Italiana di Agrometeorologia Rivista Italiana di FIRENZE PRESSUNIVERSITY FUP pagata - Piego di libro Tassa Italiane spa - Poste 072/DCB/FI1/VF del 31.03.2005 n. Aut. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR MANAGING DIRECTOR Simone Orlandini Francesca Ventura Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI) Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari University of Florence Università di Bologna Piazzale delle Cascine 18 – 50144, Firenze (FI), Italia Via Fanin, 44 – 40127 Bologna (BO), Italia Tel. +39 055 2755755 Tel. +39 051 20 96 658 [email protected] [email protected] FIELD EDITORS crop protection crop growing, production and agro- water relations and irrigation Antonello Cossu management Marco Napoli ARPAS - Servizio Valutazione Analisi Roberto Confalonieri Department of Agriculture, Food, Ambientale (Sassari) Department of Plant Production - Environment and Forestry (DAGRI) - University of Milano University of Florence Federico Spanna Phytosanitary sector and technical-scientifc Anna Dalla Marta spatialization, gis services - Piemonte region (Turin) Department of Agriculture, Food, Fabio Zottele Environment and Forestry (DAGRI) - Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele climatology University of Florence all’Adige (TN) Emanuele Eccel Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele phenology remote sensing all’Adige (Trento) Alessandro Chiaudani Andrea Spisni Department of Engineering and Geology – Arpae – Emilia Romagna (Bologna) Valentina Pavan University of Chieti Arpae – Emilia Romagna (Bologna) operative techniques Gabriele Cola Luigi Pasotti climate change Department of Plant Production - Regional Department of Agriculture and Domenico Ventrella University of Milano Forests of the Sicily Region Environment Research Center Agriculture – CREA (Bari) micro-meteorology Simona Consoli Vittorio Marletto Department of Agriculture, Food and Arpae – Emilia Romagna (Bologna) Environment (Di3A) - University of Catania EDITORIAL BOARD Marco Acutis, University of Milan, Milan (Italy) Vesselin Alexandrov, National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Sofa (Bulgaria) Marco Bindi, University of Florence, Florence (Italy) Stefano Bocchi, University of Milan, Milan (Italy) Maurizio Borin, University of Padua, Padua (Italy) Orivaldo Brunini, Center of Ecology and Biophysics - Agronomic Institute, Campinas (Brazil) Pierluigi Calanca, Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon, Zurich (Switzerland) Rafaele Casa, Tuscia University, Viterbo (Italy) Francesco Danuso, University of Udine, Udine (Italy) Josef Eitzinger, University of Boku, Wien (Austria) Lee Byong-Lyol, Korea Meteorological Administration, Suwon (Republic of Korea) Vittorio Marletto, ARPA - Emilia Romagna, Bologna (Italy) Raymond Motha, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington (USA) Pavol Nejedlik, Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Bratislava (Slovakia) Luigi Perini, CRA – CMA, Rome (Italy) Laxman Singh Rathore, Agromet Division, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi (India) Federica Rossi, CNR - IBIMET, Bologna (Italy) Paola Rossi Pisa, University of Bologna, Bologna (italy) Paulo Cesar Sentelhas, Department of Exact Sciences ESALQ - University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, (Brazil) Donatella Spano, University of Sassari, Sassari (Italy) Robert Stefanski, WMO, Geneva (Switzerland) Roger Stone, University of Southern Australia, Toowoomba (Australia) Italian Journal of Agrometeorology n. 2 - 2019 Firenze University Press The Italian Journal of Agrometeorology (IJAm - Rivista Italiana di Agrometeorologia) is the official periodical of the Italian Association of Agrometeorology (AIAM) and aims to publish original scientific contributions in English on agro- meterology, as a science that studies the interactions of hydrological and meteorological factors with the agricultural and forest ecosystems, and with agriculture in its broadest sense (including livestock and fisheries). Italian Association of Agrometeorology (AIAM) Presidente: Francesca Ventura ([email protected]) Vicepresidente: Federica Rossi Consiglieri: Filiberto Altobelli, Anna dalla Marta, Emanuele Scalcione, Federico Spanna, Domenico Ventrella Revisori dei conti: Bruno Di Lena, Chiara Epifani, Marcello Giovanni Onorato Segreteria: Simone Falzoi, Emanuela Forni, Tiziana La Iacona, Mattia Sanna, Irene Vercellino e-mail AIAM: [email protected] Sede legale: via Caproni, 8 - 50144 Firenze web: www.agrometeorologia.it e-mail Italian Journal of Agrometeorology: [email protected] SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION IJAm articles are freely available online, but print editions are available to paying subscribers. Subscription rates are in Eur and are applicable worldwide. Annual Subscription: € 50,00 Single Issue: € 25,00 CONTACT INFORMATION Please contact [email protected], if you have any questions about your subscription or if you would like to place an order for the print edition. Information on payment methods will be provided after your initial correspondence. Published by Firenze University Press – University of Florence, Italy Via Cittadella, 7 - 50144 Florence - Italy http://www.fupress.com/ijam Copyright © 2019 Authors. The authors retain all rights to the original work without any restrictions. Open Access. This issue is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY-4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give ap- propriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0) waiver applies to the data made available in this issue, unless otherwise stated. Italian Journal of Firenze University Press Agrometeorology www.fupress.com/ijam Rivista Italiana di Agrometeorologia Soil carbon emissions from maize under different fertilization methods in an extremely Citation: L. Verdi, M. Mancini, M. Napoli, S. Orlandini, A. Dalla Marta dry summer in Italy (2019) Soil carbon emissions from maize under different fertilization meth- ods in an extremely dry summer in Emissioni di carbonio dal suolo in una coltivazione di mais da Italy. Italian Journal of Agrometeorology insilato in condizioni di estrema siccità estiva in Italia (2): 3-10. doi: 10.13128/ijam-648 Received: November 10, 2018 Accepted: March 20, 2019 Leonardo Verdi*, Marco Mancini, Marco Napoli, Roberto Vivoli, Andrea Pardini, Simone Orlandini, Anna Dalla Marta Published: October 29, 2019 Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI) - University of Copyright: © 2019 L. Verdi, M. Man- Florence, Italy cini, M. Napoli, S. Orlandini, A. Dalla *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Marta. This is an open access, peer- reviewed article published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress. Abstract. During the last decades, climate change and variability are increasingly and com/ijam) and distributed under the negatively affecting agriculture. To ensure satisfactory and stable food production, agri- terms of the Creative Commons Attri- culture is intensifying the adoption of external input with environmental consequenc- bution License, which permits unre- es such as the emission of greenhouse gases. In this experiment, we monitored CO stricted use, distribution, and reproduc- 2 tion in any medium, provided the origi- and CH4 emission dynamics from cultivation of maize for silage grown under differ- nal author and source are credited. ent fertilization treatments: (i) liquid fraction of digestate from pig slurries, (ii) urea, and (iii) no fertilization (control), in an extremely dry summer in Central Italy. Results Data Availability Statement: All rel- show that the use of the liquid-organic fertilizer (digestate) significantly increased CO2 evant data are within the paper and its emissions from soil (685.29 kg-C ha-1) compared to the conventional fertilizer (urea) Supporting Information files. -1 (391.60 kg-C ha ). However, CH4 emissions were comparable between the two ferti- Competing Interests: The Author(s) lizers and almost negligible compared to those of CO2. In both treatments CH4 emis- declare(s) no conflict of interest. sions were enhanced by the only precipitation event, coupled with an increase of air temperature. Effectiveness of tested fertilizers was assessed through a yield analysis, and proved that digestate may represent a viable alternative to urea (6.97 and 6.48 t -1 ha ). Nevertheless, considering CO2 emissions from digestate and the numerous passes in field needed for its spreading, the use of this fertilizer in extreme dry conditions requires specific considerations. Keywords. Carbon dioxide, Methane, Maize, Digestate, Drought. Abstract. Il recente sviluppo del fenomeno dei cambiamenti climatici ha negativa- mente influenzato numerosi settori produttivi tra i quali quello agricolo. Per assicu- rare una produzione alimentare soddisfacente a livello globale, l’agricoltura ha dovuto incrementare il ricorso ad input esterni di sintesi con notevoli risvolti negativi a livello ambientale, come l’aumento delle emissioni di gas serra. In questo studio sono state monitorate le emissioni di CO2 e CH4 dal suolo in una coltivazione di mais da insila- to con differenti strategie di concimazione: (i) frazione liquida del digestato da reflui suini, (ii) urea e (iii)
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