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Effet Des Conditions Environnementales Sur Effet des conditions environnementales sur les caratéristiques morpho-physiologiques et la teneur en métabolites secondaires chez Inula montana : une plante de la médecine traditionnelle Provençale Osama Al Naser To cite this version: Osama Al Naser. Effet des conditions environnementales sur les caratéristiques morpho-physiologiques et la teneur en métabolites secondaires chez Inula montana : une plante de la médecine traditionnelle Provençale. Autre [q-bio.OT]. Université d’Avignon, 2018. Français. NNT : 2018AVIG0341. tel- 01914978 HAL Id: tel-01914978 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01914978 Submitted on 7 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse Pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur de l’Université d’Avignon Ecole doctorale 536 « Agrosciences et sciences » Disciplines : Biologie et Ecophysiologie Végétales Par Osama AL NASER Effet des conditions environnementales sur les caractéristiques morpho-physiologiques et la teneur en métabolites secondaires chez Inula montana « Une plante de la médecine traditionnelle Provençale » Soutenue publiquement le 24 janvier 2018 devant le jury composé de : M. Adnane Hitmi MCF, HDR, Université Clermont Auvergne Rapporteur Mme. Yasmine Zuily Professeur, Université de Paris Val de Marne Rapportreur Mme. Béatrice Baghdikian MCF, Université d’Aix Marseille Examinateur M. Daniel Laffray Professeur, Université de Paris Val de Marne Examinateur Mme. Evelyne Ollivier Professeur, Université d’Aix Marseille Examinateur M. Mohamed El Maataoui Professeur, Université d’Avignon Examinateur M. David Roux MCF, Université d’Avignon Co-encadrant Mme. Huguette Salanon Professeur, Université d’Avignon Directice de thèse M. Philipe Chiffoleau Chargé de mission Economie Parc de Luberon Membre invité En collaboration avec Remerciements J’ai passé ces six dernières années (master et doctorat) à l'Université d'Avignon. Ce fut une véritable épopée où j’ai appris beaucoup sur le plan scientifique, mais aussi sur la vie ! Je tiens donc à remercier les nombreuses personnes que j’ai rencontrées et qui ont participé à cette aventure. Je tiens tout d'abord à remercier l'encadrement de thèse. La directrice de thèse Mme. H. Sallanon, proffesseur à l’Université d’Avignon, je ne serais pas arrivé jusque là sans son aide. Je la remercie pour la qualité de ses conseils, pour sa disponibilité et pour son investissement constant. Sans sa confiance et ses encouragements, le projet n'aurait jamais pu s'acheminer. De plus, je remercie M. M. El Maataoui, proffeseur à l’Université d’Avignon, et M. David Roux, Maîtres de conférences à l’Université d’Avignon, pour leurs soutiens, leurs conseils, de leurs enthousiasmes et les critiques constructives au cours de ce travail. Dans un deuxième temps, j’adresse de sincères remerciements à l’ensemble de mes collègues et amis au laboratoire de la physiologie des fruits et légume UMR-Qualisud, ce soit pour les conseils, les services et plus particulièrement pour l’amitié qu’ils m’ont témoignée. En l'occurrence, Sandrine, Véronique, Hilarion, Marine. Merci à vous tous. Je vous souhaite à tous bonheur, réussite et tout le bien que vous méritez. Je tiens à exprimer ma reconnaissance aux membres du jury, Mme. Yasmine ZUILY professeur à l'Université de Paris Val de Marne, M. Adnane Hitmi, maîtres de conférences, HDR, à l'Université d’Auvergne Mme. Evelyne Ollivier, professeur à l'Université d’Aix Marseille, Mme. Béatrice Baghdikian, maîtres de conférences à l'Université d’Aix Marseille, et Mme. Nathalie Gaveau, maîtres de conférences à l'Université de Reims, qui ont acceptés d‘évaluer ce travail. Je tiens aussi à remercier l’Université de Damas pour ma donner l’occasionne de suivre mes étude supérieur en France, et pour financière mon étude pendant le master et doctorat. Je remercie particulièrement M. Suhil NADIR, professeur à l’Université de Damas, Syrie, pour ses conseils et ses aides à faciliter tous les démarches administratives dans mon pays Syrie. Enfin, je voudrais remercier mon père ma mère et mes frère et sœurs. Je tiens remercie en particulièrement ma femme, Maimouna et mes fils, Abdulrahman, Omar, et Mohamed, qui ont survécu aux aléas d'un mari et d’un père préoccupé et souvent absent surtout en phase finale. L’achèvement de cette étude n'aurait pas été possible sans leur amour inconditionnel, leur soutien et leur patience. Merci à tous 3 Table des matières Remerciements ………………………………………………………………………...……….3 Introduction générale .......................................................................................................... ..…11 Chapitre I: synthèse biblugraphique …………………………………………………...……10 I.Asteraceae et genre Inula ....................................................................................................... 13 1.Distribution géographique et taxonomie .................................................................................. 13 1.1.Asteraceae et genre Inula ...................................................................................................... 13 1.2.Inula montana ........................................................................................................................ 15 1.2.1. Ecologie et distribution géographique ....................................................................... 15 1.2.2. Caractéristiques morphologiques .............................................................................. 16 2.Variabilité phénotypique .......................................................................................................... 18 II.Place des plantes médicinales dans la vie moderne ............................................................ 20 III.Utilisation ethno-pharmacologique du genre Inula .......................................................... 21 IV. Métabolites secondaires bioactifs isolés de genre Inula .................................................. 24 1.Lactones sesquiterpènes ........................................................................................................... 24 2.Flavonoïdes .............................................................................................................................. 25 3.Autres composés isolés du genre Inula .................................................................................... 25 IV.Toxicité du genre Inula ........................................................................................................ 26 V.Effet des facteurs environnementaux sur des métabolites secondaires ............................ 26 1.Les métabolites secondaires ..................................................................................................... 26 2.La biosynthèse des métabolites secondaires ............................................................................ 26 2.1.Composés terpénoïdes ........................................................................................................... 26 2.1.1.Formation des blocs de construction, IPP et DMAPP ................................................ 27 2.1.2.Formation des prényl diphosphates, GPP, FPP et GGPP ........................................... 28 2.2.Composés phénoliques .......................................................................................................... 30 2.3.Composés flavonoïdes ........................................................................................................... 30 3.Rôle des métabolites secondaires ............................................................................................. 32 4.Effet des facteurs environnementaux sur les métabolites secondaires ..................................... 32 4 4.1.Facteurs biotiques .................................................................................................................. 33 4.2.Facteurs abiotiques ................................................................................................................ 33 4.2.1.Stress hydrique ............................................................................................................ 35 4.2.2.Stress salin .................................................................................................................. 35 4.2.3.Température ................................................................................................................ 36 4.2.4.Effet du rayonnement solaire ...................................................................................... 37 VI.Conservation des plantes médicinales ................................................................................ 38 1.Multiplication végétative .......................................................................................................... 38 2.Effets des conditions de culture sur la synthèse des composées secondaires .......................... 39 Chapitre II: Matériel et méthodes ……………………………………....……………….…..41 1.Parc du Luberon et sites de l’étude .......................................................................................... 42 2. Matériel végétal .....................................................................................................................
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