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Plants Exhibiting Potential for Cancer Treatment

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Plants Exhibiting Potential for Cancer Treatment Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 27(2), July – August 2014; Article No. 06, Pages: 23-53 ISSN 0976 – 044X Review Article Plants Exhibiting Potential for Cancer Treatment Amarpreet Kour* Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] Accepted on: 11-05-2014; Finalized on: 31-07-2014. ABSTRACT Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the world';s population still rely mainly on traditional medicines for their basic health care. During the last decades of the 20th century, medical researchers have developed new methods for cancer treatment by combining surgery with chemotherapy, radiations and various phytochemicals obtained from different plant species. It is important to note that chemotherapy not only kills the cancer cells but it also has some side effects on normal cells too. Medicines obtained from plants have less or no side-effects. Present investigation is mainly concerned with the documentation of anti-cancer plant species around the globe. This database includes 576 plants describing their name, plant part used, active principle, families and various cell lines used in different studies. These plants are used directly or their extracts made in different solvents or only active components are isolated from the plant and used against cancer. Different plant parts like seeds, roots, fruit, flower, bud, stem, leaves and sometimes the whole plant have been used in cancer treatment. Keywords: Plants, cancer, active principle, cell lines. INTRODUCTION These plants can be used in treating life threatening diseases like cancer. Abrus precatorius, Eugenia jambos, ancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of the Juglans regia, Azadirachta indica, Brassica oleracea, 20th century, continuously spreading further with Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Piper longum, increasing incidence in the 21st century. It';s C 1 Plantago major, Ginkgo biloba, Podophyllum emodii, proving to be a leading cause of death (Lai et al. 2010b) . Saussurea lappa, Solanum nigrum, Caesalpinia bonducella Hippocrates is believed to be the originator of the word and Terminalia catappa are well-known anti-cancer cancer. It is thought that the shape of tumors reminded medicinal plants (Kathiresan et al. 2006)1. Among spices, him of crabs and he used the word carinos, carcinoma Zingiber officinalis, Curcuma officinalis, Allium sativum, and cancer, which refer to crabs in Greek, to describe the Murraya koenigii and Cinnamomum zeylanicum are tumor (Cooper and Hausman, 2007)2. known to be anticancerous (Shukla and Singh, 2007)2. There are millions of plants present in the world. Every Curcuma officinalis (Haldi) is a common spice which plant has its own importance. They play an indispensably inhibits cell signalling pathways at multiple levels. It also importantrole in our lives. All the basic necessities like induces cell apoptosis (Sharma et al. 2005)3. Allium food, shelter and clothing are fulfilled by plants. sativum contains allicin which is an anticanceric Hippocrates, the father of Western medicine, advised his compound. followers to “let food be your medicine and medicine Allicin is an antioxidant and inhibits the activation of your food”. procarcinogens (Ejaz et al. 2003)4. Murraya koenigii (Kadi No doubt, there are some plants which are highly patta) is one of the important spices, which impart poisonous and their direct contact or intake could be flavour to food items and is used in treating lung cancer quite dangerous.Sometimes this apparent toxicity of the and leukemia (Muthumani 2009)5. Rheum emodii is a very plant, or one of its parts, is used effectively for treating important medicinal plant that inhibits angiogensis diseases. Botanists, plant researchers and traditional (Rajkumar et al. 2010)6. Camellia sinensis contains health care practitioners have identified and utilized large catechins and causes growth suppression and cell number of the plant species for the treatment of many apoptosis (Ravindranath et al. 2006)7. diseases. Plant derived chemicals are going to be promising. There It is not always necessary that the whole plant should are hundred of papers written over cancer and role of possess medicinal properties. Sometimes only a single plants in its treatment. But still there is a lot, which is to part is of utmost importance for a particular disease. The be explored. Keeping in view the importance of plant extraction of medicinally important chemicals is a tedious species for the treatment of cancer, present study was process. Different extracts are effective on different cell planned to know about the medicinal plants and their use lines. Many scientists have utilised different methods for in cancer treatment. The available literature pertaining to extraction of phytochemicals. the present study is reviewed as follows: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net 23 © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 27(2), July – August 2014; Article No. 06, Pages: 23-53 ISSN 0976 – 044X Plant Species Family Active Principle/Extract PPU Cell-lines Used Ref. Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae N, N-dimethyltrytophan methocation/picatorine/ L, R, S A-549Sarcoma/ Mouse Fibrosarcoma/ 8 Abrine/Hypaphorine/Choline/Trigonelline Yoshida Ascites Acacia catechu (L.) Willd. Fabaceae Tannins/flavanols/catechin/ B, St. Anti-cancer 9 epicatechin Acacia nilotica L. Fabaceae Plant extract F, L Skin papillomagenesis in male Swiss albino 10 mice Acacia pennatula L. Fabaceae Crude extract WP KB/HCT-15 COLADCAR / UISO- SQC-1 11 Acacia victoriae Bent Fabaceae Crude extract P, S Jurkat cells 12 Acalypha indica L. Euphorbiaceae Flavonoids/tannins ND Anti-cancer 13 Acalypha siamensis Oliv. ex Gage Euphorbiaceae Tetraterpene/ acalyphaser A L P388 murine leukemia cells 14 Acalypha wilkesiana Muell Arg Euphorbiaceae Tannins/ Flavonoid S Anti-cancer 15 Acanthospermum hispidum DC. Asteraceae Guaianolides/cis, cisgermacranolides/ L Anti-cancer 16 melampolides Acanthus ilicifolius L. Acanthaceae Ethyl acetate extract of plant parts L, R, Hela and KB cell lines 17 Fr. Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Methanol extract L MiaPaCa-2/Panc 10.05/ HT29/ SKBR/PC-3/ A- 18 var. australis (R.Br.) Domin. 549 Achillea millefolium Ledeb. Asteraceae Apigenin/luteolin/ centaureidin/casticin/ AP HeLa and MCF-7 cell 19 artemetin/e sesquiterpenoids Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq Rutaceae 1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-bis(3-methylbut- Fr., L, KB 20 2-en-1-yl)phenyl]ethanone/ acrovestenol R, R, St. Acronychia porteri Hook. F. W. Rutaceae Flavanols WP (KB) 21 Actaea podocarpa L. Ranunculaceae Cycloartane-type triterpene arabinosides, R (Vero) /(LLC-PK1) 22 podocarpasides H/I/J (SK-MEL, KB, BT-549, and SK-OV-3) Adhatoda vasica Nees. Acanthaceae Bromhexine/Vasicine/ L, R, Anti-cancer 23 Peganine/glucosyloxychalcone/vasicol/vasicinone/ St. vasicinol/deoxyvasicinone Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Methanol extract Fr. Anti-cancer 24 Aglaia roxburghiana (W.& A.) Miq. Meliaceae Triterpenes roxburghiadiol A / B Fr. Anti-cancer 25 var. beddomei AP Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Rosaceae Agrimoniin ND (PBMC) (PEC) 26 Ailanthus altissima Mill. Simaroubaceae Alkaloids S Anti-cancer 27 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Ailanthione/glaucarubinone / and a mixture of R Antitumor/ cytotoxic 28 glaucarubol 15-isovalerate/ 13,18- Ba. dehydroglaucarubol 15 isovalerate Ajuga bracteosa Wall. Labiaceae Bractin A/bractin/B bractic acid WP Anti-cancer 29 Ajuga decumbens L. Labiaceae 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate F Mouse pulmonary tumor 30 (TPA)/cyasterone /8-acetylharpagide Albizzia lucidior (Steud.) I.C.Nielsen Mimosaceae Alkaloidal and phthalate ND K562 cells 31 Albizzia lebbeck (L.)Benth Mimosaceae Tannins/Pseudotannins/Echinocystic/Friedelin/γ_s S Sarcoma 180 in mice 32 itosterol Ba. Alstonia scholaris R.Br. Apocynaceae Echitamine/alstonine/ pleiocarpamine/ ND HeLa/ HepG2/ HL60/ KB/ MCF-7 cells/ 23 Vero 33 O-methylmacralstonine/ macrastonine/lupeol cells/ fibrosarcoma Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Mimosaceae Julibrosides I−III/α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)-[β-d- ND Cytotoxic 34 glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl- (1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester unit/monoterpene−quinovopyranosyl Allamanda cathartica Garden. Apocynaceae Allamandin/Allamandicin inactive/Plumericin/ WP P-388 leukemia 35 Isoplumericin/Penstemide Allium sativum L. Liliaceae Allicin Bu. Human mammary (MCF-7)/ Endometrial/ 36 Colon(HT-29)cells Alpinia pricei Hayata. Zingiberaceae Caffeic acid/ apigenin/curcumin/ pinocembrin L, R CH27/HL-60/ A549 cell 37 Amaranthus gangeticus L. Amaranthacea Aqueous extract ND (HepG2) (MCF-7)/ (Caco-2) 38 Amoora dasyclada Roxb. Meliaceae Triterpenoids T AGZY 83-a and SMMC-7721 39 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net 24 © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 27(2), July – August 2014; Article No. 06, Pages: 23-53 ISSN 0976 – 044X Amoora ouangliensis (Lev.) C.Y. Wu Meliaceae Diterpenoids Ba. AGZY 83-a and SMMC-7721 40 Amoora rohituka Wight & Arn Meliaceae Guaiane sesquiterpenes Ba. P388 41 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Aracaeae
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