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Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters an International Journal for Field-Orientated Ichthyology

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Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters an International Journal for Field-Orientated Ichthyology Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil ISSN 0936-9902 Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters An international journal for field-orientated ichthyology Volume 23 Number 2 Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters An international journal for field-orientated ichthyology Volume 23 • Number 2 • October 2012 pages 97-192, 55 figs., 16 tabs. Managing Editor Maurice Kottelat, Route de la Baroche 12, Case postale 57 CH-2952 Cornol, Switzerland Tel. + 41 32 4623175 · Fax + 41 32 4622259 · E-mail [email protected] Editorial board Pier Giorgio Bianco, Dipartimento di Zoologia, Università, Napoli, Italy Ralf Britz, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Sven O. Kullander, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden Helen K. Larson, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia Lukas Rüber, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Ivan Sazima, Museu de Zoologia, Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil Paul H. Skelton, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa Tan Heok Hui, Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters is published quarterly Subscriptions should be addressed to the Publisher: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Wolfratshauser Str. 27, 81379 München, Germany PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTION : EURO 100 per Year/volume - 4 issues (includes surface mail shipping) INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIPTION : EURO 180 per Year/volume - 4 issues (includes surface mail shipping) Manuscripts should be addressed to the Managing Editor: Maurice Kottelat, Route de la Baroche 12, Case postale 57, CH- 2952 Cornol, Switzerland CIP-Titelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Ichthyological exploration of freshwaters : an international journal for field-orientated ichthyology. – München : Pfeil. Erscheint jährl. viermal. – Aufnahme nach Vol. 1, No. 1 (1990) ISSN 0936-9902 Vol. 1, No. 1 (1990) – Copyright © 2012 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Publisher, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Wolfratshauser Str. 27, 81379 München, Germany. Printed by Advantage Printpool, Gilching ISSN 0936-9902 Printed in the European Union Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Wolfratshauser Str. 27, 81379 München, Germany Phone + 49 89 742827-0 · Fax + 49 89 7242772 · E-mail: [email protected] · www.pfeil-verlag.de 117 Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 117-137, 11 figs., 3 tabs., October 2012 © 2012 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany – ISSN 0936-9902 Andinoacara blombergi, a new species from the río Esmeraldas basin in Ecuador and a review of A. rivulatus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) Nicklas Wijkmark*, **, Sven O. Kullander** and Ramiro E. Barriga Salazar*** Andinoacara blombergi, new species, is described from the río Esmeraldas basin in northern Ecuador. It is distin- guished from the most similar species, A. rivulatus (Günther, 1860) by 25 vs. 24 scales in the E1 scale row, slightly higher average meristics, narrower head, and narrower interorbital space. Andinoacara rivulatus is rede- scribed on the basis of specimens from the Guayas, Túmbes and Zarumilla drainages in Ecuador and Peru. Aequidens azurifer Fowler, 1911 is a junior synonym of A. rivulatus. The syntypes of Acara aequinoctialis Regan, 1905 are also syntypes of A. rivulatus. A common lectotype is designated for A. rivulatus and A. aequinoctialis, making A. aequinoctialis a junior objective synonym of A. rivulatus. Andinocara blombergi, nueva especie, es descrito del río Esmeraldas, cuenca hidrográfica ubicada al noroeste del Ecuador. Se diferencia de la especie similar A. rivulatus (Günther, 1860) por tener 25 escamas vs. 24 escamas presentes en la escala de la línea E1, promedios merísticos ligeramente superiores, cabeza menos ancha y menor espacio interorbital. Andinocara rivulatus se redescribe en base a especímenes de la cuenca del río Guayas, Túmbes y Zarumilla, drenajes del Ecuador y Perú. Aequidens azurifer Fowler, 1911, es un sinónimo junior de A.rivulatus. Los tipos de A. aequinoctialis también son los sintipos de A. rivulatus. Un lectotipo común es designado para A. rivulatus y A. aequinoctialis, haciendo el último un sinónimo junior primario de A. rivulatus. Introduction Regan (1905) mainly by the absence of conspicu- ous characters as present in related genera, and The South American cichlid genus Aequidens Ei- the presence of three rather than more anal-fin genmann & Bray, 1894, with the type species spines (Regan, 1905). Through a series of revisions, A. tetramerus Heckel, 1840, was once a major, species of Aequidens sensu Regan were allocated speciose genus, recognised from the revision by to the genera Cichlasoma Swainson, 1839 (Kul- * Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-109 61 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] ** Swedish Museum of Natural History, POB 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] *** Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253 Quito, Ecuador. E-mail: [email protected] Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 23, No. 2 118 lander, 1983), Bujurquina Kullander (1986), Laeta- similar to the leaf-spawning Bujurquina. Species cara Kullander (1986), Krobia Kullander & Nijssen of Bujurquina are mouth brooders, sheltering the (1989), Cleithracara Kullander & Nijssen (1989), hatched larvae in the mouth. So far all species of and most recently Andinoacara Musilová, Rícan the A. pulcher and A. rivulatus group in which & Novák (2009a). Species of Andinoacara are breeding has been observed, are substrate brood- characterized by blue or green iridescent stripes ers, not providing oral shelter to the larvae or on the side of the head and usually a somewhat free-swimming young (Stawikowski & Werner, dorsad slanting horizontal dark band along the 1998); leaf-spawning is not recorded from the side. The dark blotch at the base of the caudal fin A. rivulatus group, but these species apparently is situated at the middle of the base, relatively deposit eggs on immovable structures. small and only indistinctly ocellated if at all. This Andinoacara rivulatus was described as Chromis contrasts with Aequidens sensu stricto in which rivulata by Günther (1860a), based on specimens blue lines on the side of the head are rare, the from the “Andes of western Ecuador”. Acara ae- lateral band is usually horizontal, and the caudal- quinoctialis Regan (1905), and Aequidens azurifer fin blotch is distinctly ocellated and situated on Fowler (1911), also from Western Ecuador, were the dorsal half. The colour pattern of Andinoacara considered to be synonyms of A. rivulatus by is thus more reminiscent of the colour pattern in Eigenmann (1922: 201) and Kullander (2003). A the cis-Andean genera Bujurquina and Tahuantin- second species was long known in the aquarium suyoa Kullander, 1986, with which they also share hobby by the name of “Green Terror”, and was a uniserial predorsal scale pattern. In the mor- described by Musilová et al. (2009b) as A. stals- phological phylogenetic analysis in Kullander bergi, based on specimens from coastal drainages (1998), species of Andinoacara and Tahuantinsuyoa in Peru. Earlier records of A. rivulatus from Peru macantzatza Kullander, 1986 formed a trichotomy (e. g., Eigenmann, 1922) refer to misidentified sister to Krobia and Bujurquina. A. stalsbergi. Two species groups are recognized within We have examined a larger material of Andi- Andinoacara (Kullander, 1998; Stawikowski & noacara from more localities than used by Musi- Werner, 1998). The A. pulcher group is distributed lová et al. (2009a-b), including type specimens of in northern South America, from Trinidad west all nominal species in the genus Andinoacara. In along the coast to the northern Pacific coast drain- the course of this revision we found that two ages in Colombia and adjacent Ecuador, and also species have been confused under the name of present in the Orinoco River basin. Four nominal A. rivulatus and that there has been an unfortunate species have been described: A. pulcher (Gill, 1858), misunderstanding about the type material of A. latifrons (Steindachner, 1878), A. coeruleopunc- A. rivulatus and A. aequinoctialis. The present tatus (Kner, 1863), and A. brevirostris (Steindachn- paper is dedicated to the description of the new er, 1880). The A. rivulatus species group is re- species, and rectification of the type status of stricted to Pacific versant rivers from the río specimens referred to as types of A. rivulatus and Pisco in Peru north to the Esmeraldas river basin A. aequinoctialis. in Ecuador. The two groups differ in the gener- ally higher meristics of the A. rivulatus group, and the pattern of predorsal scales which consists of Material and methods a single row of large median scales in the A. pulch- er group, and a median row of gradually smaller, The procedures for recording measurements and posteriorly overlapping scales in the A. rivulatus counts are as described by Kullander (1986). group. Andinoacara biseriatus (Regan, 1913) from Measurements were taken with digital callipers the Pacific coast of Colombia and río Atrato, and reading to 0.01 mm,
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