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Apistogramma Eleutheria and A. Flavipedunculata, Two New Species of Dwarf Cichlids from the Rio Curuá on Serra Do Cachimbo, Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

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Apistogramma Eleutheria and A. Flavipedunculata, Two New Species of Dwarf Cichlids from the Rio Curuá on Serra Do Cachimbo, Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301219430 Apistogramma eleutheria and A. Flavipedunculata, two new species of dwarf cichlids from the rio Curuá on Serra do Cachimbo, Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae) Article in Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters · April 2016 CITATIONS READS 5 1,764 2 authors: Henrique Varella Ricardo Britzke Universidade Federal da Bahia São Paulo State University 16 PUBLICATIONS 47 CITATIONS 19 PUBLICATIONS 65 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Diversity and Evolution of Gymnotiformes View project Biogeography and phylogeny of the genera Australoheros, Crenicichla, and Geophagus from the southeastern Brazil. View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ricardo Britzke on 12 April 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil ISSN 0936-9902 Excerpt from Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters An international journal for field-orientated ichthyology Volume 27 Number 1 This article may be used for research, teaching and private purposes. Exchange with other researchers is allowed on request only. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling in any form to anyone, in particular deposition in a library, institutional or private website, or ftp-site for public access, is expressly forbidden. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters An international journal for field-orientated ichthyology Volume 27 • Number 1 • April 2016 pages 1-96, 44 figs., 11 tabs. Managing Editor Maurice Kottelat, Rue des Rauraques 6 CH-2800 Delémont, Switzerland Tel. + 41 32 4623175 · Fax + 41 32 4622259 · E-mail [email protected] Associate Editors Ralf Britz, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Kevin W. Conway, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA Editorial board Sven O. Kullander, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden Helen K. Larson, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia Lukas Rüber, Naturhistorisches Museum, Bern, Switzerland Ivan Sazima, Museu de Zoologia, Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil Paul H. 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Erscheint jährl. viermal. – Aufnahme nach Vol. 1, No. 1 (1990) ISSN 0936-9902 Vol. 1, No. 1 (1990) – Copyright © 2016 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Publisher, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Wolfratshauser Str. 27, 81379 München, Germany. Printed by PBtisk a.s., Prˇíbram I – Balonka ISSN 0936-9902 Printed in the European Union Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Wolfratshauser Str. 27, 81379 München, Germany Phone + 49 89 742827-0 · Fax + 49 89 7242772 · E-mail: [email protected] · www.pfeil-verlag.de Copyright © Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 81 Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 81-95, 5 figs., 1 tab., April 2016 © 2016 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany – ISSN 0936-9902 Apistogramma eleutheria and A. flavipedunculata, two new species of dwarf cichlids from the rio Curuá on Serra do Cachimbo, Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae) Henrique R. Varella* and Ricardo Britzke** Apistogramma eleutheria and Apistogramma flavipedunculata are described from the upper portion of two adjacent tributaries of the rio Curuá on the Serra do Cachimbo. Apistogramma eleutheria, new species, is isolated from the lower portion of rio Treze de Maio (a tributary of the middle rio Curuá), by a waterfall with same name. It is similar to several species of the A. regani species group, but differs by the coloration of brooding females. Brood- ing females of A. eleutheria have a very dark, blackish pigmentation on the median area of gular region occupying the ventral portion of opercular series and branchiostegal membranes, which is most similar to that found in females of A. kullanderi. In A. kullanderi, however, the dark gular pigmentation is more expansive, extending onto the ventral half of the head, and continuing posteriorly onto belly and along anal-fin base. Apistogramma flavipe- dunculata, new species, is only known from the rio Escorpião, and is probably isolated in the upper rio Curuá by a series of three waterfalls. It is distinguished by the unique color pattern of adult males, which have the poste- rior part of the flank and caudal peduncle dominated by a light yellow pigmentation, which results in a dark midlateral band fragmented posteriorly and dark bars masked or absent (though present in juveniles); also dif- fering from all congeners except A. luelingi and A. eleutheria by having exclusively four anal-fin spines instead of three. Introduction much of tropical and subtropical South America, but most of the species of the genus are thought Apistogramma Regan, 1913 and Crenicichla Heckel, to have distributions restricted to a particular 1840 are the most species-rich genera among region or hydrographic basin (Kullander, 1986). Neotropical cichlids, the former with 89 species Only few species of the genus have wide distri- and the latter with 90 species (Kullander, 2003; butions, as Apistogramma agassizi (Steindachner, Kullander & Varella, 2015; Römer et al., 2015). The 1875), A. bitaeniata Pellegrin, 1936, A. cacatuoides geographic distribution of Apistogramma includes Hoedeman, 1951, A. commbrae (Regan, 1906) and * Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494, 04218-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] ** Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Rubião Jr. s/n., 18618- 970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Laboratorio 1 de Acuacultura, Km. 4 /2 Vía Machala-Pasaje, E583, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador. E-mail: [email protected] Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 27, No. 1 Copyright © Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 82 A. borellii (Regan, 1906). The highest diversity and include the last half-centrum and were taken from degree of endemism of Apistogramma is found radiographs made with the system Faxitron LX-60 in the Western Amazon, notably in Peru (with (DC 12, version 1.0). 24 valid species, 21 of them endemic), in the río Institutional abbreviations are: ANSP, Aca- Orinoco basin (19 endemic species) and in the rio demy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; LBP, Negro basin (13 endemic species). The diversity Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, of Apistogramma in the Brazilian Shield remains Botucatu, São Paulo; MZUSP, Museu de Zoolo- little studied with many putative undescribed gia da Universidade de São Paulo; MCP, Museu species indicated for some drainages (e. g. Kos- de Ciências e Tecnologia PUCRS, Porto Alegre; lowski, 2002). MUSM, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Apistogramma kullanderi Varella & Sabaj Pérez, Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima; and ROM, 2014, from the upper rio Curuá on the Serra do Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. Comparative Cachimbo, is the only nominal species described material examined is as listed by Varella & Sabaj for the rio Xingu drainage. The Serra do Cachimbo Pérez (2014) and Britzke et al. (2014), with addition is the highest portion of the Brazilian Shield in of the material listed at the end of this paper. the Amazon basin that includes headwaters from both middle Xingu (i. e., rio Curuá) and rio Tapajós (rio Jamanxim and rio Teles Pires) river basins Results (Birindelli et al., 2009). Inventories and taxonomic studies of the region have shown high degrees Apistogramma eleutheria, new species of endemism for various fishes. For instance, the (Fig. 1) upper rio Curuá presents six endemic species de- scribed only recently: Leporinus guttatus Birindelli Apistogramma sp. ‘upper Treze de Maio’: Varella & Britski, 2009, Jupiaba kurua Birindelli et al., 2009, & Sabaj Pérez, 2014: 255. Moenkhausia petymbuaba Lima & Birindelli, 2006, Lebiasina marilynae Netto-Ferreira, 2012, L. melano- Holotype. MZUSP 115293, 39.5 mm SL, adult guttata Netto-Ferreira, 2012 and Apistogramma male; Brazil: Pará: Altamira: rio Xingu basin: rio kullanderi Varella & Sabaj Pérez, 2014. Iriri drainage: rio Treze de Maio, a tributary of Varella & Sabaj Pérez (2014) mentioned two rio Curuá, upstream of PCH Salto Treze de Maio undescribed species
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